Document_Based_Question_Answering_System.ipynb

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Based Question Answering System**\n","\n","*   Base Research Paper: https://arxiv.org/pdf/1805.08092.pdf\n","*   Other Refereces:\n","      *    https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9079274\n","      *    https://arxiv.org/pdf/1707.07328.pdf\n","      *    https://arxiv.org/pdf/1810.04805.pdf\n","\n"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{"id":"bZm3GR7KmwKj"},"source":["*Mount Google Drive and Importing Dataset in Drive at path \"gdrive/My Drive/Colab Notebook/Kaggle/\"*"]},{"cell_type":"code","metadata":{"id":"sB9D0IZ5WqZz","colab":{"base_uri":"https://localhost:8080/"},"executionInfo":{"status":"ok","timestamp":1619376841439,"user_tz":-330,"elapsed":2193,"user":{"displayName":"SATYAM SONI","photoUrl":"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/a-/AOh14GhG4rcPYa7hnDqGvLTYPIBiXe9m-k4IPTmu9dWD=s64","userId":"06127152709350492896"}},"outputId":"34baea40-2678-4bbd-d989-1f5553a279c3"},"source":["from google.colab import drive\n","drive.mount('/content/gdrive')"],"execution_count":null,"outputs":[{"output_type":"stream","text":["Drive already mounted at /content/gdrive; to attempt to forcibly remount, call drive.mount(\"/content/gdrive\", force_remount=True).\n"],"name":"stdout"}]},{"cell_type":"code","metadata":{"colab":{"base_uri":"https://localhost:8080/"},"id":"hY3gBl_EWrFu","executionInfo":{"status":"ok","timestamp":1619376845016,"user_tz":-330,"elapsed":1955,"user":{"displayName":"SATYAM SONI","photoUrl":"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/a-/AOh14GhG4rcPYa7hnDqGvLTYPIBiXe9m-k4IPTmu9dWD=s64","userId":"06127152709350492896"}},"outputId":"2190c402-2674-4e67-b665-0591fd35b5f4"},"source":["from google.colab import drive\n","\n","drive.mount('/content/gdrive')\n","root_path = 'gdrive/MyDrive/Colab NoteBooks/'"],"execution_count":null,"outputs":[{"output_type":"stream","text":["Drive already mounted at /content/gdrive; to attempt to forcibly remount, call drive.mount(\"/content/gdrive\", force_remount=True).\n"],"name":"stdout"}]},{"cell_type":"code","metadata":{"colab":{"base_uri":"https://localhost:8080/"},"id":"RrwsAh7SGtRD","executionInfo":{"status":"ok","timestamp":1619376852636,"user_tz":-330,"elapsed":6231,"user":{"displayName":"SATYAM SONI","photoUrl":"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/a-/AOh14GhG4rcPYa7hnDqGvLTYPIBiXe9m-k4IPTmu9dWD=s64","userId":"06127152709350492896"}},"outputId":"f3053213-dd98-4c78-a66f-729d77283b0f"},"source":["pip install kaggle"],"execution_count":null,"outputs":[{"output_type":"stream","text":["Requirement already satisfied: kaggle in /usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages (1.5.12)\n","Requirement already satisfied: requests in /usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages (from kaggle) (2.23.0)\n","Requirement already satisfied: certifi in /usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages (from kaggle) (2020.12.5)\n","Requirement already satisfied: urllib3 in /usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages (from kaggle) (1.24.3)\n","Requirement already satisfied: python-dateutil in /usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages (from kaggle) (2.8.1)\n","Requirement already satisfied: python-slugify in /usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages (from kaggle) (4.0.1)\n","Requirement already satisfied: tqdm in /usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages (from kaggle) (4.41.1)\n","Requirement already satisfied: six>=1.10 in /usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages (from kaggle) (1.15.0)\n","Requirement already satisfied: chardet<4,>=3.0.2 in /usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages (from requests->kaggle) (3.0.4)\n","Requirement already satisfied: idna<3,>=2.5 in /usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages (from requests->kaggle) (2.10)\n","Requirement already satisfied: text-unidecode>=1.3 in /usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages (from python-slugify->kaggle) (1.3)\n"],"name":"stdout"}]},{"cell_type":"code","metadata":{"colab":{"resources":{"http://localhost:8080/nbextensions/google.colab/files.js":{"data":"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","ok":true,"headers":[["content-type","application/javascript"]],"status":200,"status_text":""}},"base_uri":"https://localhost:8080/","height":90},"id":"Xke1qeSfXs-1","executionInfo":{"status":"ok","timestamp":1619376872514,"user_tz":-330,"elapsed":19587,"user":{"displayName":"SATYAM SONI","photoUrl":"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/a-/AOh14GhG4rcPYa7hnDqGvLTYPIBiXe9m-k4IPTmu9dWD=s64","userId":"06127152709350492896"}},"outputId":"4bdd4fca-9a7b-40cc-f033-6350363e8af2"},"source":["from google.colab import files\n","files.upload()"],"execution_count":null,"outputs":[{"output_type":"display_data","data":{"text/html":["\n","     <input type=\"file\" id=\"files-c8417b8c-2af1-4b4b-8146-199a052dc042\" name=\"files[]\" multiple disabled\n","        style=\"border:none\" />\n","     <output id=\"result-c8417b8c-2af1-4b4b-8146-199a052dc042\">\n","      Upload widget is only available when the cell has been executed in the\n","      current browser session. Please rerun this cell to enable.\n","      </output>\n","      <script src=\"/nbextensions/google.colab/files.js\"></script> "],"text/plain":["<IPython.core.display.HTML object>"]},"metadata":{"tags":[]}},{"output_type":"stream","text":["Saving kaggle.json to kaggle.json\n"],"name":"stdout"},{"output_type":"execute_result","data":{"text/plain":["{'kaggle.json': b'{\"username\":\"satyamsoni\",\"key\":\"d531f370613c1f272694e1852a21568e\"}'}"]},"metadata":{"tags":[]},"execution_count":5}]},{"cell_type":"code","metadata":{"id":"Oo8lfhFjYl4E","colab":{"base_uri":"https://localhost:8080/"},"executionInfo":{"status":"ok","timestamp":1619376875464,"user_tz":-330,"elapsed":3835,"user":{"displayName":"SATYAM SONI","photoUrl":"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/a-/AOh14GhG4rcPYa7hnDqGvLTYPIBiXe9m-k4IPTmu9dWD=s64","userId":"06127152709350492896"}},"outputId":"e74ffbc5-d86f-4da0-9013-f32b6d8fb313"},"source":["!pip install -q kaggle\n","!mkdir -p ~/.kaggle\n","!cp kaggle.json ~/.kaggle/\n","!ls ~/.kaggle\n","!chmod 600 /content/kaggle.json  # set permission"],"execution_count":null,"outputs":[{"output_type":"stream","text":["kaggle.json\n"],"name":"stdout"}]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{"id":"ueqEuPeqnS97"},"source":["*Adding Squad Dataset*"]},{"cell_type":"code","metadata":{"id":"HkYZJ4FKa8a9"},"source":["from google.colab import drive\n","drive.mount('/content/drive')"],"execution_count":null,"outputs":[]},{"cell_type":"code","metadata":{"id":"N-8PrkxeYu5N"},"source":["#Download required dataset / competition files to a folder of your choice\n","!kaggle datasets download -d stanfordu/stanford-question-answering-dataset -p /content/gdrive/My\\ Drive/Colab\\ Notebooks/Kaggle/Squad"],"execution_count":null,"outputs":[]},{"cell_type":"code","metadata":{"id":"DQGS1-r5ZbnW"},"source":["import os\n","os.chdir('gdrive/My Drive/Colab Notebooks/Kaggle/Squad')  #change dir\n","!unzip -q stanford-question-answering-dataset.zip"],"execution_count":null,"outputs":[]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{"id":"Jm8JOWyCnp3_"},"source":["*Addding glove.840B.300d Data*"]},{"cell_type":"code","metadata":{"id":"Km13DLmleEPG"},"source":["!kaggle datasets download -d takuok/glove840b300dtxt -p /content/gdrive/My\\ Drive/Colab\\ Notebooks/Kaggle/Glove"],"execution_count":null,"outputs":[]},{"cell_type":"code","metadata":{"id":"EKQtG6DNfwfy"},"source":["import os\n","os.chdir('../Glove')  #change dir\n","!unzip -q glove840b300dtxt.zip"],"execution_count":null,"outputs":[]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{"id":"Rgxyd-TZpt-n"},"source":["*Scanning Document*"]},{"cell_type":"code","metadata":{"id":"1F-iOcs7gyWX"},"source":["import os \n","os.chdir('gdrive/My Drive/Colab Notebooks')"],"execution_count":null,"outputs":[]},{"cell_type":"code","metadata":{"id":"SmYmu-r9lIvA","colab":{"base_uri":"https://localhost:8080/"},"executionInfo":{"status":"ok","timestamp":1619376899085,"user_tz":-330,"elapsed":7244,"user":{"displayName":"SATYAM SONI","photoUrl":"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/a-/AOh14GhG4rcPYa7hnDqGvLTYPIBiXe9m-k4IPTmu9dWD=s64","userId":"06127152709350492896"}},"outputId":"afbc9f5d-b8fb-4a50-a94b-485afe9baf5a"},"source":["pip install pdfplumber"],"execution_count":null,"outputs":[{"output_type":"stream","text":["Collecting pdfplumber\n","\u001b[?25l  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/7e/57/4d9768e9ed204c68bd5813a2a112d3d6af4912f0785d47080b5067cdce64/pdfplumber-0.5.27.tar.gz (44kB)\n","\u001b[K     |████████████████████████████████| 51kB 4.2MB/s \n","\u001b[?25hCollecting pdfminer.six==20200517\n","\u001b[?25l  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/b0/c0/ef1c8758bbd86edb10b5443700aac97d0ba27a9ca2e7696db8cd1fdbd5a8/pdfminer.six-20200517-py3-none-any.whl (5.6MB)\n","\u001b[K     |████████████████████████████████| 5.6MB 10.5MB/s \n","\u001b[?25hRequirement already satisfied: Pillow>=7.0.0 in /usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages (from pdfplumber) (7.1.2)\n","Collecting Wand\n","\u001b[?25l  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/d7/f6/05f043c099639b9017b7244791048a4d146dfea45b41a199aed373246d50/Wand-0.6.6-py2.py3-none-any.whl (138kB)\n","\u001b[K     |████████████████████████████████| 143kB 42.8MB/s \n","\u001b[?25hRequirement already satisfied: chardet; python_version > \"3.0\" in /usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages (from pdfminer.six==20200517->pdfplumber) (3.0.4)\n","Collecting pycryptodome\n","\u001b[?25l  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/ad/16/9627ab0493894a11c68e46000dbcc82f578c8ff06bc2980dcd016aea9bd3/pycryptodome-3.10.1-cp35-abi3-manylinux2010_x86_64.whl (1.9MB)\n","\u001b[K     |████████████████████████████████| 1.9MB 42.8MB/s \n","\u001b[?25hRequirement already satisfied: sortedcontainers in /usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages (from pdfminer.six==20200517->pdfplumber) (2.3.0)\n","Building wheels for collected packages: pdfplumber\n","  Building wheel for pdfplumber (setup.py) ... \u001b[?25l\u001b[?25hdone\n","  Created wheel for pdfplumber: filename=pdfplumber-0.5.27-cp37-none-any.whl size=32071 sha256=2c0b93f7a5416d3df9b190408934d1f7bc061d0b744828e7e0daac639ddff857\n","  Stored in directory: /root/.cache/pip/wheels/b4/74/fc/f7b3a1a0732209027fb48a5f4392fc40d79970b11c2ba49e71\n","Successfully built pdfplumber\n","Installing collected packages: pycryptodome, pdfminer.six, Wand, pdfplumber\n","Successfully installed Wand-0.6.6 pdfminer.six-20200517 pdfplumber-0.5.27 pycryptodome-3.10.1\n"],"name":"stdout"}]},{"cell_type":"code","metadata":{"id":"4MZ-BD1NmeOI"},"source":["import pdfplumber\n","pdf = pdfplumber.open('lic_policy.pdf')\n","page = pdf.pages[0]\n","page1 = pdf.pages[1]\n","pdf_txt = page.extract_text() + page1.extract_text()\n","pdf.close()"],"execution_count":null,"outputs":[]},{"cell_type":"code","metadata":{"id":"CUUKqom8mqa_","colab":{"base_uri":"https://localhost:8080/"},"executionInfo":{"status":"ok","timestamp":1618857602421,"user_tz":-330,"elapsed":1501,"user":{"displayName":"SATYAM SONI","photoUrl":"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/a-/AOh14GhG4rcPYa7hnDqGvLTYPIBiXe9m-k4IPTmu9dWD=s64","userId":"06127152709350492896"}},"outputId":"26b334e0-5edc-4866-f503-96a3986ff889"},"source":["print(pdf_txt)"],"execution_count":null,"outputs":[{"output_type":"stream","text":["Life insurance is a legally enforceable contract between two parties both of whom are legally qualified to contract. It\n"," is therefore, necessary that the terms and conditions of the agreement must be suitably documented in a manner that\n"," would make it clear that both parties to the contract are Ad- idem i.e., of the same mind. Ad-Idem means that both t\n","he parties understand the same thing in the same sense or are of the same mind on the same subject. There must be c\n","onsensus or Ad-Idem between the parties to the contract.  \n","This is possible provided all the terms and conditions, rights and duties - privileges and obligations are properly doc\n","umented in terms which can be clearly interpreted in a court of law. Between two human beings sometime silence m\n","eans an acceptance. But as the insurer is a legal personality entitled to contract verbal discussion between parties to t\n","he contract is not possible and hence there is a need for documentation.  \n","Insurance is also a contract of utmost good faith and enforced only in the distant future. It is therefore necessary that \n","the declarations made by both the parties should be put in black and white for future reference. Any suppression, wil\n","lful and material shall make the contract void. The insured, therefore, has a duty to declare all that he knows about hi\n","mself, his health, his financial status in answering questions contained in the proposal form and other ancillary docu\n","ments which may be required by the insurer.  \n","Age is an important factor in deciding the quantum of premium against a policy. The document proving the age, i.e. \n","age proof must be reliable and the insured has to undertake as to its truthfulness.  \n","Non-standard age proofs are those which are comparatively less reliable and therefore the insurer accepts them with \n","a pinch of salt. In other words the insurer takes certain precautions before accepting such age proofs as final.  \n","Proof of income is the document may become necessary whenever the sum proposed is very high. Normally a sum p\n","roposed which is seven to eight times of the declared income is acceptable for insurance. But proposals do come to t\n","he insurer when the known source of income of the proposer is much less compared to the amount of insurance desir\n","ed. A service holder normally does not face this problem as his sources of income are verifiable.  \n","In case of business people, the assessed income is at times much less compared to what is a desirable income for the \n","amount of insurance desired. In such cases the insurer at times calls for assessed income tax returns, or Chartered Ac\n","countant’s certificate etc. Such precautions are necessary to eliminate the possibility of moral hazard.  \n","Policy Contract is the policy document is a detailed document and it is the Evidence of the insurance contract which \n","mentions all the terms and conditions of the insurance. The insured buys not the policy contract, but the right to the s\n","um of money and its future delivery. The insurer on its part promises to pay a sum of money, provided of course the \n","insured keeps its part of promise of paying the installments of premium as scheduled.  \n","The pre-amble to the insurance contract makes the above statement clear and states that this policy is issued subject t\n","o the conditions and privileges printed on the back of the policy. The endorsements placed on the policy shall also b\n","e part of the policy and it also makes a reference to the proposal form saying that that the statements given in the pro\n","posal form are the basis of the contract.  \n","The schedule which is printed on the policy document identifies the office which has issued the policy. It states the n\n","ame of the policyholder, the date of commencement of the policy, an identification number of the policy called polic\n","y number. This number is extremely useful for making any reference to the insurer relating to this policy. This shall \n","avoid needless delay.  \n","Beneficiary’s name is also mentioned along with address.  \n","It is necessary to check that it is correct and any mistake should be immediately pointed out for correction. A mistak\n","e in the address may misdirect the premium notices and any other future correspondence. It also states the name of t\n","he nominee and the date upto which premium has to be paid. The schedule goes on to mention, the type of policy, o\n","n the happening of which, the sum assured is payable and to whom it is payable. It of course also mentions when an\n","d how long the premium is to be paid.  \n","The policy document is signed by an official of the insurer and dated and stamped as per the provision of the Stamp \n","Act to make it a completely legally enforceable document.  \n","An assignment of a policy in favour of another person or institution can be effected by an endorsement on the policy\n",". Re-assignment can also be done by a subsequent endorsement on the same policy.As a nomination is automatically\n"," cancelled due to an assignment, after re-assignment, it is necessary to make a fresh nomination.  \n","In Duplicate policy a policy document is a valuable document and can be used for mortgage etc. Loss of policy docu\n","ment does not absolve the insurer from the liability of payment of policy proceeds when the claim arises. The claim \n","can be settled on the claimants, furnishing an indemnity bond jointly with one surety.  \n","If a policy is irrevocably lost, a duplicate policy can be issued, after following a certain procedure. The insurer satisf\n","ies itself of the circumstances leading to loss. Being so satisfied the insurer insists upon an advertisement in a news p\n","aper, production of an indemnity bond and payment of policy preparation charges and there after a duplicate policy is issued. The duplicate policy is stamped “Duplicate Policy”.  \n","Generally nomination is made at the time of taking a policy. In case it is not done, it is possible to make nomination \n","subsequently by an endorsement on the policy. It is also possible to change a nomination subsequently by an endors\n","ement. After marriage, such change in nomination is normally required.  \n","Life insurance being a legally enforceable contract, needs to be documented with details of the rights and obligations\n"," of the parties to the contract. Proposal form duly filled in and signed by the proposer is the first document which for\n","ms the basis of the contract.  \n","Every time, the insured pays the premium, he receives a premium receipt. The premium needs to be paid in time, no\n","n- payment of premium leads to policy-lapses. Re-instatement of the cover is called revival of the policy.  \n","If the policy is not revived, the policy can become a paid up policy for a reduced sum assured under certain conditio\n","ns.  \n","The policy document mentions in detail all the rights and obligations of the policyholder. The agent is advised to ex\n","plain the various provisions of the policy to the policyholder.  \n","The wordings in the policy document are of technical nature and hence the need for explaining. If there are certain e\n","ndorsements on the policy, that need to be explained too.  \n","It needs to be explained that the policy is a valuable document and needs to be kept in safe custody and in the knowl\n","edge of the close relatives.  \n","  \n","  \n"],"name":"stdout"}]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{"id":"pAEZe8tTI_v8"},"source":["**==============================================================================================================**"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{"id":"CPfbUl3rTbRQ"},"source":["**Naive Approch**\n","\n","Here, we can apply naive approch i.e, converting sentences of document into vector and converting questions into vector and apply brute force method to find the cosine similarity between the sentance vector and question vector and find the min angle between them it mean find the max cosine value between *them* and sentence with max cosine value is the answer of the given question.\n","\n","\n","Steps:\n","\n","\n","*   Scan whole document and map with words as key and value as index (make dictionary).\n","*   Split document into sentences (dataframes) and then store each row into list.\n","*   Make vector of this list.\n","\n","Ex: **Document** : Age(index : 1), means(2), age(3), at(4), last(5), birthday(6), Accident(7), sudden(8), unforeseen(9), and(10), involuntary(11), event(12), caused(13), by(14), external(15), visible(16), and(17), violent(18) \n","\n","Suppose sentence is \"Age means ?\"\n","\n","**Sentence Vector** :   1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0\n","\n","*    Similary make User Question vector (after removing stoping words like what, how, why etc.)\n","\n","*    Iterate whole sentance vector and find the cosine similarity with user question vector and find the max value (if the value is high it means angle between them is minimum and properties between both vectors matches with max probability).\n","\n","\n"]},{"cell_type":"code","metadata":{"id":"ieyDaxUFTWe4"},"source":["pdf = pdfplumber.open('lic_policy.pdf')\n","page = pdf.pages[0]\n","page1 = pdf.pages[1]\n","pdf_txt = page.extract_text() + page1.extract_text()\n","pdf.close()"],"execution_count":null,"outputs":[]},{"cell_type":"code","metadata":{"id":"jxLzL-Rhxe5S","colab":{"base_uri":"https://localhost:8080/"},"executionInfo":{"status":"ok","timestamp":1618811445900,"user_tz":-330,"elapsed":1042,"user":{"displayName":"SATYAM SONI","photoUrl":"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/a-/AOh14GhG4rcPYa7hnDqGvLTYPIBiXe9m-k4IPTmu9dWD=s64","userId":"06127152709350492896"}},"outputId":"23888057-7116-4a70-ba5c-6c3b15316ac0"},"source":["print(pdf_txt)"],"execution_count":null,"outputs":[{"output_type":"stream","text":["Life insurance is a legally enforceable contract between two parties both of whom are legally qualified to contract. It\n"," is therefore, necessary that the terms and conditions of the agreement must be suitably documented in a manner that\n"," would make it clear that both parties to the contract are Ad- idem i.e., of the same mind. Ad-Idem means that both t\n","he parties understand the same thing in the same sense or are of the same mind on the same subject. There must be c\n","onsensus or Ad-Idem between the parties to the contract.  \n","This is possible provided all the terms and conditions, rights and duties - privileges and obligations are properly doc\n","umented in terms which can be clearly interpreted in a court of law. Between two human beings sometime silence m\n","eans an acceptance. But as the insurer is a legal personality entitled to contract verbal discussion between parties to t\n","he contract is not possible and hence there is a need for documentation.  \n","Insurance is also a contract of utmost good faith and enforced only in the distant future. It is therefore necessary that \n","the declarations made by both the parties should be put in black and white for future reference. Any suppression, wil\n","lful and material shall make the contract void. The insured, therefore, has a duty to declare all that he knows about hi\n","mself, his health, his financial status in answering questions contained in the proposal form and other ancillary docu\n","ments which may be required by the insurer.  \n","Age is an important factor in deciding the quantum of premium against a policy. The document proving the age, i.e. \n","age proof must be reliable and the insured has to undertake as to its truthfulness.  \n","Non-standard age proofs are those which are comparatively less reliable and therefore the insurer accepts them with \n","a pinch of salt. In other words the insurer takes certain precautions before accepting such age proofs as final.  \n","Proof of income is the document may become necessary whenever the sum proposed is very high. Normally a sum p\n","roposed which is seven to eight times of the declared income is acceptable for insurance. But proposals do come to t\n","he insurer when the known source of income of the proposer is much less compared to the amount of insurance desir\n","ed. A service holder normally does not face this problem as his sources of income are verifiable.  \n","In case of business people, the assessed income is at times much less compared to what is a desirable income for the \n","amount of insurance desired. In such cases the insurer at times calls for assessed income tax returns, or Chartered Ac\n","countant’s certificate etc. Such precautions are necessary to eliminate the possibility of moral hazard.  \n","Policy Contract is the policy document is a detailed document and it is the Evidence of the insurance contract which \n","mentions all the terms and conditions of the insurance. The insured buys not the policy contract, but the right to the s\n","um of money and its future delivery. The insurer on its part promises to pay a sum of money, provided of course the \n","insured keeps its part of promise of paying the installments of premium as scheduled.  \n","The pre-amble to the insurance contract makes the above statement clear and states that this policy is issued subject t\n","o the conditions and privileges printed on the back of the policy. The endorsements placed on the policy shall also b\n","e part of the policy and it also makes a reference to the proposal form saying that that the statements given in the pro\n","posal form are the basis of the contract.  \n","The schedule which is printed on the policy document identifies the office which has issued the policy. It states the n\n","ame of the policyholder, the date of commencement of the policy, an identification number of the policy called polic\n","y number. This number is extremely useful for making any reference to the insurer relating to this policy. This shall \n","avoid needless delay.  \n","Beneficiary’s name is also mentioned along with address.  \n","It is necessary to check that it is correct and any mistake should be immediately pointed out for correction. A mistak\n","e in the address may misdirect the premium notices and any other future correspondence. It also states the name of t\n","he nominee and the date upto which premium has to be paid. The schedule goes on to mention, the type of policy, o\n","n the happening of which, the sum assured is payable and to whom it is payable. It of course also mentions when an\n","d how long the premium is to be paid.  \n","The policy document is signed by an official of the insurer and dated and stamped as per the provision of the Stamp \n","Act to make it a completely legally enforceable document.  \n","An assignment of a policy in favour of another person or institution can be effected by an endorsement on the policy\n",". Re-assignment can also be done by a subsequent endorsement on the same policy.As a nomination is automatically\n"," cancelled due to an assignment, after re-assignment, it is necessary to make a fresh nomination.  \n","In Duplicate policy a policy document is a valuable document and can be used for mortgage etc. Loss of policy docu\n","ment does not absolve the insurer from the liability of payment of policy proceeds when the claim arises. The claim \n","can be settled on the claimants, furnishing an indemnity bond jointly with one surety.  \n","If a policy is irrevocably lost, a duplicate policy can be issued, after following a certain procedure. The insurer satisf\n","ies itself of the circumstances leading to loss. Being so satisfied the insurer insists upon an advertisement in a news p\n","aper, production of an indemnity bond and payment of policy preparation charges and there after a duplicate policy is issued. The duplicate policy is stamped “Duplicate Policy”.  \n","Generally nomination is made at the time of taking a policy. In case it is not done, it is possible to make nomination \n","subsequently by an endorsement on the policy. It is also possible to change a nomination subsequently by an endors\n","ement. After marriage, such change in nomination is normally required.  \n","Life insurance being a legally enforceable contract, needs to be documented with details of the rights and obligations\n"," of the parties to the contract. Proposal form duly filled in and signed by the proposer is the first document which for\n","ms the basis of the contract.  \n","Every time, the insured pays the premium, he receives a premium receipt. The premium needs to be paid in time, no\n","n- payment of premium leads to policy-lapses. Re-instatement of the cover is called revival of the policy.  \n","If the policy is not revived, the policy can become a paid up policy for a reduced sum assured under certain conditio\n","ns.  \n","The policy document mentions in detail all the rights and obligations of the policyholder. The agent is advised to ex\n","plain the various provisions of the policy to the policyholder.  \n","The wordings in the policy document are of technical nature and hence the need for explaining. If there are certain e\n","ndorsements on the policy, that need to be explained too.  \n","It needs to be explained that the policy is a valuable document and needs to be kept in safe custody and in the knowl\n","edge of the close relatives.  \n","  \n","  \n"],"name":"stdout"}]},{"cell_type":"code","metadata":{"id":"lm3UZRD60i2s","colab":{"base_uri":"https://localhost:8080/"},"executionInfo":{"status":"ok","timestamp":1619376918494,"user_tz":-330,"elapsed":3887,"user":{"displayName":"SATYAM SONI","photoUrl":"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/a-/AOh14GhG4rcPYa7hnDqGvLTYPIBiXe9m-k4IPTmu9dWD=s64","userId":"06127152709350492896"}},"outputId":"9f4f61cd-c18d-4a37-e4b8-8599b5150808"},"source":["pip install nltk"],"execution_count":null,"outputs":[{"output_type":"stream","text":["Requirement already satisfied: nltk in /usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages (3.2.5)\n","Requirement already satisfied: six in /usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages (from nltk) (1.15.0)\n"],"name":"stdout"}]},{"cell_type":"code","metadata":{"id":"FG1SIF4WxhxC","colab":{"base_uri":"https://localhost:8080/"},"executionInfo":{"status":"ok","timestamp":1619376922311,"user_tz":-330,"elapsed":3062,"user":{"displayName":"SATYAM SONI","photoUrl":"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/a-/AOh14GhG4rcPYa7hnDqGvLTYPIBiXe9m-k4IPTmu9dWD=s64","userId":"06127152709350492896"}},"outputId":"e5c5ec04-2d7e-44cb-f6a5-48e40c5baf5d"},"source":["pdf_txt = \"\"\"Life insurance is a legally enforceable contract between two parties both of whom are legally qualified to contract. It is therefore, necessary that the terms and conditions of the agreement must be suitably documented in a manner that would make it clear that both parties to the contract are Ad- idem i.e., of the same mind. Ad-Idem means that both the parties understand the same thing in the same sense or are of the same mind on the same subject. There must be consensus or Ad-Idem between the parties to the contract.\n","This is possible provided all the terms and conditions, rights and duties - privileges and obligations are properly documented in terms which can be clearly interpreted in a court of law. Between two human beings sometime silence means an acceptance. But as the insurer is a legal personality entitled to contract verbal discussion between parties to the contract is not possible and hence there is a need for documentation.\n","Insurance is also a contract of utmost good faith and enforced only in the distant future. It is therefore necessary that the declarations made by both the parties should be put in black and white for future reference. Any suppression, willful and material shall make the contract void. The insured, therefore, has a duty to declare all that he knows about himself, his health, his financial status in answering questions contained in the proposal form and other ancillary documents which may be required by the insurer.\n","Age is an important factor in deciding the quantum of premium against a policy. The document proving the age, i.e. age proof must be reliable and the insured has to undertake as to its truthfulness.\n","Non-standard age proofs are those which are comparatively less reliable and therefore the insurer accepts them with a pinch of salt. In other words the insurer takes certain precautions before accepting such age proofs as final.\n","Proof of income is the document may become necessary whenever the sum proposed is very high. Normally a sum proposed which is seven to eight times of the declared income is acceptable for insurance. But proposals do come to the insurer when the known source of income of the proposer is much less compared to the amount of insurance desired. A service holder normally does not face this problem as his sources of income are verifiable.\n","In case of business people, the assessed income is at times much less compared to what is a desirable income for the amount of insurance desired. In such cases the insurer at times calls for assessed income tax returns, or Chartered Accountant’s certificate etc. Such precautions are necessary to eliminate the possibility of moral hazard.\n","Policy Contract is the policy document is a detailed document and it is the Evidence of the insurance contract which mentions all the terms and conditions of the insurance. The insured buys not the policy contract, but the right to the sum of money and its future delivery. The insurer on its part promises to pay a sum of money, provided of course the insured keeps its part of promise of paying the installments of premium as scheduled.\n","The pre-amble to the insurance contract makes the above statement clear and states that this policy is issued subject to the conditions and privileges printed on the back of the policy. The endorsements placed on the policy shall also be part of the policy and it also makes a reference to the proposal form saying that that the statements given in the proposal form are the basis of the contract.\n","The schedule which is printed on the policy document identifies the office which has issued the policy. It states the name of the policyholder, the date of commencement of the policy, an identification number of the policy called policy number. This number is extremely useful for making any reference to the insurer relating to this policy. This shall avoid needless delay.\n","Beneficiary’s name is also mentioned along with address.\n","It is necessary to check that it is correct and any mistake should be immediately pointed out for correction. A mistake in the address may misdirect the premium notices and any other future correspondence. It also states the name of the nominee and the date upto which premium has to be paid. The schedule goes on to mention, the type of policy, on the happening of which, the sum assured is payable and to whom it is payable. It of course also mentions when and how long the premium is to be paid.\n","The policy document is signed by an official of the insurer and dated and stamped as per the provision of the Stamp Act to make it a completely legally enforceable document.\n","An assignment of a policy in favour of another person or institution can be effected by an endorsement on the policy. Re-assignment can also be done by a subsequent endorsement on the same policy.As a nomination is automatically cancelled due to an assignment, after re-assignment, it is necessary to make a fresh nomination.\n","In Duplicate policy a policy document is a valuable document and can be used for mortgage etc. Loss of policy document does not absolve the insurer from the liability of payment of policy proceeds when the claim arises. The claim can be settled on the claimants, furnishing an indemnity bond jointly with one surety.\n","If a policy is irrevocably lost, a duplicate policy can be issued, after following a certain procedure like the insurer satisfies itself of the circumstances leading to loss and being so satisfied the insurer insists upon an advertisement in a news paper, production of an indemnity bond and payment of policy preparation charges and there after a duplicate policy is issued.\n","Generally nomination is made at the time of taking a policy. In case it is not done, it is possible to make nomination subsequently by an endorsement on the policy. It is also possible to change a nomination subsequently by an endorsement. After marriage, such change in nomination is normally required.\n","Life insurance being a legally enforceable contract, needs to be documented with details of the rights and obligations of the parties to the contract. Proposal form duly filled in and signed by the proposer is the first document which forms the basis of the contract.\n","Every time, the insured pays the premium, he receives a premium receipt. The premium needs to be paid in time, non- payment of premium leads to policy-lapses. Re-instatement of the cover is called revival of the policy.\n","If the policy is not revived, the policy can become a paid up policy for a reduced sum assured under certain conditions.\n","The policy document mentions in detail all the rights and obligations of the policyholder. The agent is advised to explain the various provisions of the policy to the policyholder.\n","The wordings in the policy document are of technical nature and hence the need for explaining. If there are certain endorsements on the policy, that need to be explained too.\n","It needs to be explained that the policy is a valuable document and needs to be kept in safe custody and in the knowledge of the close relatives.\n","\"\"\"\n","\n","import nltk\n","nltk.download('punkt')\n","tokens = nltk.sent_tokenize(pdf_txt)\n","for t in tokens:\n","    print(t, \"\\n\")"],"execution_count":null,"outputs":[{"output_type":"stream","text":["[nltk_data] Downloading package punkt to /root/nltk_data...\n","[nltk_data]   Unzipping tokenizers/punkt.zip.\n","Life insurance is a legally enforceable contract between two parties both of whom are legally qualified to contract. \n","\n","It is therefore, necessary that the terms and conditions of the agreement must be suitably documented in a manner that would make it clear that both parties to the contract are Ad- idem i.e., of the same mind. \n","\n","Ad-Idem means that both the parties understand the same thing in the same sense or are of the same mind on the same subject. \n","\n","There must be consensus or Ad-Idem between the parties to the contract. \n","\n","This is possible provided all the terms and conditions, rights and duties - privileges and obligations are properly documented in terms which can be clearly interpreted in a court of law. \n","\n","Between two human beings sometime silence means an acceptance. \n","\n","But as the insurer is a legal personality entitled to contract verbal discussion between parties to the contract is not possible and hence there is a need for documentation. \n","\n","Insurance is also a contract of utmost good faith and enforced only in the distant future. \n","\n","It is therefore necessary that the declarations made by both the parties should be put in black and white for future reference. \n","\n","Any suppression, willful and material shall make the contract void. \n","\n","The insured, therefore, has a duty to declare all that he knows about himself, his health, his financial status in answering questions contained in the proposal form and other ancillary documents which may be required by the insurer. \n","\n","Age is an important factor in deciding the quantum of premium against a policy. \n","\n","The document proving the age, i.e. \n","\n","age proof must be reliable and the insured has to undertake as to its truthfulness. \n","\n","Non-standard age proofs are those which are comparatively less reliable and therefore the insurer accepts them with a pinch of salt. \n","\n","In other words the insurer takes certain precautions before accepting such age proofs as final. \n","\n","Proof of income is the document may become necessary whenever the sum proposed is very high. \n","\n","Normally a sum proposed which is seven to eight times of the declared income is acceptable for insurance. \n","\n","But proposals do come to the insurer when the known source of income of the proposer is much less compared to the amount of insurance desired. \n","\n","A service holder normally does not face this problem as his sources of income are verifiable. \n","\n","In case of business people, the assessed income is at times much less compared to what is a desirable income for the amount of insurance desired. \n","\n","In such cases the insurer at times calls for assessed income tax returns, or Chartered Accountant’s certificate etc. \n","\n","Such precautions are necessary to eliminate the possibility of moral hazard. \n","\n","Policy Contract is the policy document is a detailed document and it is the Evidence of the insurance contract which mentions all the terms and conditions of the insurance. \n","\n","The insured buys not the policy contract, but the right to the sum of money and its future delivery. \n","\n","The insurer on its part promises to pay a sum of money, provided of course the insured keeps its part of promise of paying the installments of premium as scheduled. \n","\n","The pre-amble to the insurance contract makes the above statement clear and states that this policy is issued subject to the conditions and privileges printed on the back of the policy. \n","\n","The endorsements placed on the policy shall also be part of the policy and it also makes a reference to the proposal form saying that that the statements given in the proposal form are the basis of the contract. \n","\n","The schedule which is printed on the policy document identifies the office which has issued the policy. \n","\n","It states the name of the policyholder, the date of commencement of the policy, an identification number of the policy called policy number. \n","\n","This number is extremely useful for making any reference to the insurer relating to this policy. \n","\n","This shall avoid needless delay. \n","\n","Beneficiary’s name is also mentioned along with address. \n","\n","It is necessary to check that it is correct and any mistake should be immediately pointed out for correction. \n","\n","A mistake in the address may misdirect the premium notices and any other future correspondence. \n","\n","It also states the name of the nominee and the date upto which premium has to be paid. \n","\n","The schedule goes on to mention, the type of policy, on the happening of which, the sum assured is payable and to whom it is payable. \n","\n","It of course also mentions when and how long the premium is to be paid. \n","\n","The policy document is signed by an official of the insurer and dated and stamped as per the provision of the Stamp Act to make it a completely legally enforceable document. \n","\n","An assignment of a policy in favour of another person or institution can be effected by an endorsement on the policy. \n","\n","Re-assignment can also be done by a subsequent endorsement on the same policy.As a nomination is automatically cancelled due to an assignment, after re-assignment, it is necessary to make a fresh nomination. \n","\n","In Duplicate policy a policy document is a valuable document and can be used for mortgage etc. \n","\n","Loss of policy document does not absolve the insurer from the liability of payment of policy proceeds when the claim arises. \n","\n","The claim can be settled on the claimants, furnishing an indemnity bond jointly with one surety. \n","\n","If a policy is irrevocably lost, a duplicate policy can be issued, after following a certain procedure like the insurer satisfies itself of the circumstances leading to loss and being so satisfied the insurer insists upon an advertisement in a news paper, production of an indemnity bond and payment of policy preparation charges and there after a duplicate policy is issued. \n","\n","Generally nomination is made at the time of taking a policy. \n","\n","In case it is not done, it is possible to make nomination subsequently by an endorsement on the policy. \n","\n","It is also possible to change a nomination subsequently by an endorsement. \n","\n","After marriage, such change in nomination is normally required. \n","\n","Life insurance being a legally enforceable contract, needs to be documented with details of the rights and obligations of the parties to the contract. \n","\n","Proposal form duly filled in and signed by the proposer is the first document which forms the basis of the contract. \n","\n","Every time, the insured pays the premium, he receives a premium receipt. \n","\n","The premium needs to be paid in time, non- payment of premium leads to policy-lapses. \n","\n","Re-instatement of the cover is called revival of the policy. \n","\n","If the policy is not revived, the policy can become a paid up policy for a reduced sum assured under certain conditions. \n","\n","The policy document mentions in detail all the rights and obligations of the policyholder. \n","\n","The agent is advised to explain the various provisions of the policy to the policyholder. \n","\n","The wordings in the policy document are of technical nature and hence the need for explaining. \n","\n","If there are certain endorsements on the policy, that need to be explained too. \n","\n","It needs to be explained that the policy is a valuable document and needs to be kept in safe custody and in the knowledge of the close relatives. \n","\n"],"name":"stdout"}]},{"cell_type":"code","metadata":{"id":"qQenHt3V5iIO","colab":{"base_uri":"https://localhost:8080/"},"executionInfo":{"status":"ok","timestamp":1619376934152,"user_tz":-330,"elapsed":8234,"user":{"displayName":"SATYAM SONI","photoUrl":"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/a-/AOh14GhG4rcPYa7hnDqGvLTYPIBiXe9m-k4IPTmu9dWD=s64","userId":"06127152709350492896"}},"outputId":"811138b3-707a-483e-9a7d-a49e95aac767"},"source":["pip install -U gensim"],"execution_count":null,"outputs":[{"output_type":"stream","text":["Collecting gensim\n","\u001b[?25l  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/44/52/f1417772965652d4ca6f901515debcd9d6c5430969e8c02ee7737e6de61c/gensim-4.0.1-cp37-cp37m-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (23.9MB)\n","\u001b[K     |████████████████████████████████| 23.9MB 1.5MB/s \n","\u001b[?25hRequirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: scipy>=0.18.1 in /usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages (from gensim) (1.4.1)\n","Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: numpy>=1.11.3 in /usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages (from gensim) (1.19.5)\n","Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: smart-open>=1.8.1 in /usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages (from gensim) (5.0.0)\n","Installing collected packages: gensim\n","  Found existing installation: gensim 3.6.0\n","    Uninstalling gensim-3.6.0:\n","      Successfully uninstalled gensim-3.6.0\n","Successfully installed gensim-4.0.1\n"],"name":"stdout"}]},{"cell_type":"code","metadata":{"id":"o6A7a1r40WdH","colab":{"base_uri":"https://localhost:8080/"},"executionInfo":{"status":"ok","timestamp":1619376937783,"user_tz":-330,"elapsed":1219,"user":{"displayName":"SATYAM SONI","photoUrl":"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/a-/AOh14GhG4rcPYa7hnDqGvLTYPIBiXe9m-k4IPTmu9dWD=s64","userId":"06127152709350492896"}},"outputId":"95547c4b-a204-413a-f71b-5d1b46b0519a"},"source":["import re\n","import gensim\n","from gensim.parsing.preprocessing import remove_stopwords\n","\n","def clean_sentence(sentence, stopwords=False):\n","  sentence = sentence.lower().strip()\n","  sentence = re.sub(r'[^a-z0-9\\s]', '', sentence)\n","  if stopwords:\n","    sentence = remove_stopwords(sentence)\n","  return sentence\n","\n","def get_cleaned_sentences(tokens, stopwords=False):\n","  cleaned_sentences = []\n","  for row in tokens:\n","    cleaned = clean_sentence(row, stopwords)\n","    cleaned_sentences.append(cleaned)\n","  return cleaned_sentences\n","\n"],"execution_count":null,"outputs":[{"output_type":"stream","text":["/usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages/gensim/similarities/__init__.py:15: UserWarning: The gensim.similarities.levenshtein submodule is disabled, because the optional Levenshtein package <https://pypi.org/project/python-Levenshtein/> is unavailable. Install Levenhstein (e.g. `pip install python-Levenshtein`) to suppress this warning.\n","  warnings.warn(msg)\n"],"name":"stderr"}]},{"cell_type":"code","metadata":{"id":"HSwXGxRp5ff0","colab":{"base_uri":"https://localhost:8080/"},"executionInfo":{"status":"ok","timestamp":1619376941784,"user_tz":-330,"elapsed":1470,"user":{"displayName":"SATYAM SONI","photoUrl":"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/a-/AOh14GhG4rcPYa7hnDqGvLTYPIBiXe9m-k4IPTmu9dWD=s64","userId":"06127152709350492896"}},"outputId":"f0b69c09-2cfd-4808-d1ad-ad2ee2ab3148"},"source":["cleaned_sentences = get_cleaned_sentences(tokens, stopwords=True)\n","cleaned_sentences_with_stopwords = get_cleaned_sentences(tokens, stopwords=False)\n","print(cleaned_sentences)\n","print(cleaned_sentences_with_stopwords)"],"execution_count":null,"outputs":[{"output_type":"stream","text":["['life insurance legally enforceable contract parties legally qualified contract', 'necessary terms conditions agreement suitably documented manner clear parties contract ad idem mind', 'adidem means parties understand thing sense mind subject', 'consensus adidem parties contract', 'possible provided terms conditions rights duties privileges obligations properly documented terms clearly interpreted court law', 'human beings silence means acceptance', 'insurer legal personality entitled contract verbal discussion parties contract possible need documentation', 'insurance contract utmost good faith enforced distant future', 'necessary declarations parties black white future reference', 'suppression willful material shall contract void', 'insured duty declare knows health financial status answering questions contained proposal form ancillary documents required insurer', 'age important factor deciding quantum premium policy', 'document proving age', 'age proof reliable insured undertake truthfulness', 'nonstandard age proofs comparatively reliable insurer accepts pinch salt', 'words insurer takes certain precautions accepting age proofs final', 'proof income document necessary sum proposed high', 'normally sum proposed seven times declared income acceptable insurance', 'proposals come insurer known source income proposer compared insurance desired', 'service holder normally face problem sources income verifiable', 'case business people assessed income times compared desirable income insurance desired', 'cases insurer times calls assessed income tax returns chartered accountants certificate', 'precautions necessary eliminate possibility moral hazard', 'policy contract policy document detailed document evidence insurance contract mentions terms conditions insurance', 'insured buys policy contract right sum money future delivery', 'insurer promises pay sum money provided course insured keeps promise paying installments premium scheduled', 'preamble insurance contract makes statement clear states policy issued subject conditions privileges printed policy', 'endorsements placed policy shall policy makes reference proposal form saying statements given proposal form basis contract', 'schedule printed policy document identifies office issued policy', 'states policyholder date commencement policy identification number policy called policy number', 'number extremely useful making reference insurer relating policy', 'shall avoid needless delay', 'beneficiarys mentioned address', 'necessary check correct mistake immediately pointed correction', 'mistake address misdirect premium notices future correspondence', 'states nominee date upto premium paid', 'schedule goes mention type policy happening sum assured payable payable', 'course mentions long premium paid', 'policy document signed official insurer dated stamped provision stamp act completely legally enforceable document', 'assignment policy favour person institution effected endorsement policy', 'reassignment subsequent endorsement policyas nomination automatically cancelled assignment reassignment necessary fresh nomination', 'duplicate policy policy document valuable document mortgage', 'loss policy document absolve insurer liability payment policy proceeds claim arises', 'claim settled claimants furnishing indemnity bond jointly surety', 'policy irrevocably lost duplicate policy issued following certain procedure like insurer satisfies circumstances leading loss satisfied insurer insists advertisement news paper production indemnity bond payment policy preparation charges duplicate policy issued', 'generally nomination time taking policy', 'case possible nomination subsequently endorsement policy', 'possible change nomination subsequently endorsement', 'marriage change nomination normally required', 'life insurance legally enforceable contract needs documented details rights obligations parties contract', 'proposal form duly filled signed proposer document forms basis contract', 'time insured pays premium receives premium receipt', 'premium needs paid time non payment premium leads policylapses', 'reinstatement cover called revival policy', 'policy revived policy paid policy reduced sum assured certain conditions', 'policy document mentions rights obligations policyholder', 'agent advised explain provisions policy policyholder', 'wordings policy document technical nature need explaining', 'certain endorsements policy need explained', 'needs explained policy valuable document needs kept safe custody knowledge close relatives']\n","['life insurance is a legally enforceable contract between two parties both of whom are legally qualified to contract', 'it is therefore necessary that the terms and conditions of the agreement must be suitably documented in a manner that would make it clear that both parties to the contract are ad idem ie of the same mind', 'adidem means that both the parties understand the same thing in the same sense or are of the same mind on the same subject', 'there must be consensus or adidem between the parties to the contract', 'this is possible provided all the terms and conditions rights and duties  privileges and obligations are properly documented in terms which can be clearly interpreted in a court of law', 'between two human beings sometime silence means an acceptance', 'but as the insurer is a legal personality entitled to contract verbal discussion between parties to the contract is not possible and hence there is a need for documentation', 'insurance is also a contract of utmost good faith and enforced only in the distant future', 'it is therefore necessary that the declarations made by both the parties should be put in black and white for future reference', 'any suppression willful and material shall make the contract void', 'the insured therefore has a duty to declare all that he knows about himself his health his financial status in answering questions contained in the proposal form and other ancillary documents which may be required by the insurer', 'age is an important factor in deciding the quantum of premium against a policy', 'the document proving the age ie', 'age proof must be reliable and the insured has to undertake as to its truthfulness', 'nonstandard age proofs are those which are comparatively less reliable and therefore the insurer accepts them with a pinch of salt', 'in other words the insurer takes certain precautions before accepting such age proofs as final', 'proof of income is the document may become necessary whenever the sum proposed is very high', 'normally a sum proposed which is seven to eight times of the declared income is acceptable for insurance', 'but proposals do come to the insurer when the known source of income of the proposer is much less compared to the amount of insurance desired', 'a service holder normally does not face this problem as his sources of income are verifiable', 'in case of business people the assessed income is at times much less compared to what is a desirable income for the amount of insurance desired', 'in such cases the insurer at times calls for assessed income tax returns or chartered accountants certificate etc', 'such precautions are necessary to eliminate the possibility of moral hazard', 'policy contract is the policy document is a detailed document and it is the evidence of the insurance contract which mentions all the terms and conditions of the insurance', 'the insured buys not the policy contract but the right to the sum of money and its future delivery', 'the insurer on its part promises to pay a sum of money provided of course the insured keeps its part of promise of paying the installments of premium as scheduled', 'the preamble to the insurance contract makes the above statement clear and states that this policy is issued subject to the conditions and privileges printed on the back of the policy', 'the endorsements placed on the policy shall also be part of the policy and it also makes a reference to the proposal form saying that that the statements given in the proposal form are the basis of the contract', 'the schedule which is printed on the policy document identifies the office which has issued the policy', 'it states the name of the policyholder the date of commencement of the policy an identification number of the policy called policy number', 'this number is extremely useful for making any reference to the insurer relating to this policy', 'this shall avoid needless delay', 'beneficiarys name is also mentioned along with address', 'it is necessary to check that it is correct and any mistake should be immediately pointed out for correction', 'a mistake in the address may misdirect the premium notices and any other future correspondence', 'it also states the name of the nominee and the date upto which premium has to be paid', 'the schedule goes on to mention the type of policy on the happening of which the sum assured is payable and to whom it is payable', 'it of course also mentions when and how long the premium is to be paid', 'the policy document is signed by an official of the insurer and dated and stamped as per the provision of the stamp act to make it a completely legally enforceable document', 'an assignment of a policy in favour of another person or institution can be effected by an endorsement on the policy', 'reassignment can also be done by a subsequent endorsement on the same policyas a nomination is automatically cancelled due to an assignment after reassignment it is necessary to make a fresh nomination', 'in duplicate policy a policy document is a valuable document and can be used for mortgage etc', 'loss of policy document does not absolve the insurer from the liability of payment of policy proceeds when the claim arises', 'the claim can be settled on the claimants furnishing an indemnity bond jointly with one surety', 'if a policy is irrevocably lost a duplicate policy can be issued after following a certain procedure like the insurer satisfies itself of the circumstances leading to loss and being so satisfied the insurer insists upon an advertisement in a news paper production of an indemnity bond and payment of policy preparation charges and there after a duplicate policy is issued', 'generally nomination is made at the time of taking a policy', 'in case it is not done it is possible to make nomination subsequently by an endorsement on the policy', 'it is also possible to change a nomination subsequently by an endorsement', 'after marriage such change in nomination is normally required', 'life insurance being a legally enforceable contract needs to be documented with details of the rights and obligations of the parties to the contract', 'proposal form duly filled in and signed by the proposer is the first document which forms the basis of the contract', 'every time the insured pays the premium he receives a premium receipt', 'the premium needs to be paid in time non payment of premium leads to policylapses', 'reinstatement of the cover is called revival of the policy', 'if the policy is not revived the policy can become a paid up policy for a reduced sum assured under certain conditions', 'the policy document mentions in detail all the rights and obligations of the policyholder', 'the agent is advised to explain the various provisions of the policy to the policyholder', 'the wordings in the policy document are of technical nature and hence the need for explaining', 'if there are certain endorsements on the policy that need to be explained too', 'it needs to be explained that the policy is a valuable document and needs to be kept in safe custody and in the knowledge of the close relatives']\n"],"name":"stdout"}]},{"cell_type":"code","metadata":{"id":"-e8ODeNG7nA3","colab":{"base_uri":"https://localhost:8080/"},"executionInfo":{"status":"ok","timestamp":1619376950179,"user_tz":-330,"elapsed":1121,"user":{"displayName":"SATYAM SONI","photoUrl":"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/a-/AOh14GhG4rcPYa7hnDqGvLTYPIBiXe9m-k4IPTmu9dWD=s64","userId":"06127152709350492896"}},"outputId":"ef25aed6-3ce6-48db-e453-0a529cdc7015"},"source":["import numpy\n","sentences = cleaned_sentences_with_stopwords\n","sentence_words = [[word for word in document.split()]\n","                  for document in sentences]\n","\n","from gensim import corpora\n","dictionary = corpora.Dictionary(sentence_words)\n","for key, value in dictionary.items():\n","  print(key, ' : ', value)"],"execution_count":null,"outputs":[{"output_type":"stream","text":["0  :  a\n","1  :  are\n","2  :  between\n","3  :  both\n","4  :  contract\n","5  :  enforceable\n","6  :  insurance\n","7  :  is\n","8  :  legally\n","9  :  life\n","10  :  of\n","11  :  parties\n","12  :  qualified\n","13  :  to\n","14  :  two\n","15  :  whom\n","16  :  ad\n","17  :  agreement\n","18  :  and\n","19  :  be\n","20  :  clear\n","21  :  conditions\n","22  :  documented\n","23  :  idem\n","24  :  ie\n","25  :  in\n","26  :  it\n","27  :  make\n","28  :  manner\n","29  :  mind\n","30  :  must\n","31  :  necessary\n","32  :  same\n","33  :  suitably\n","34  :  terms\n","35  :  that\n","36  :  the\n","37  :  therefore\n","38  :  would\n","39  :  adidem\n","40  :  means\n","41  :  on\n","42  :  or\n","43  :  sense\n","44  :  subject\n","45  :  thing\n","46  :  understand\n","47  :  consensus\n","48  :  there\n","49  :  all\n","50  :  can\n","51  :  clearly\n","52  :  court\n","53  :  duties\n","54  :  interpreted\n","55  :  law\n","56  :  obligations\n","57  :  possible\n","58  :  privileges\n","59  :  properly\n","60  :  provided\n","61  :  rights\n","62  :  this\n","63  :  which\n","64  :  acceptance\n","65  :  an\n","66  :  beings\n","67  :  human\n","68  :  silence\n","69  :  sometime\n","70  :  as\n","71  :  but\n","72  :  discussion\n","73  :  documentation\n","74  :  entitled\n","75  :  for\n","76  :  hence\n","77  :  insurer\n","78  :  legal\n","79  :  need\n","80  :  not\n","81  :  personality\n","82  :  verbal\n","83  :  also\n","84  :  distant\n","85  :  enforced\n","86  :  faith\n","87  :  future\n","88  :  good\n","89  :  only\n","90  :  utmost\n","91  :  black\n","92  :  by\n","93  :  declarations\n","94  :  made\n","95  :  put\n","96  :  reference\n","97  :  should\n","98  :  white\n","99  :  any\n","100  :  material\n","101  :  shall\n","102  :  suppression\n","103  :  void\n","104  :  willful\n","105  :  about\n","106  :  ancillary\n","107  :  answering\n","108  :  contained\n","109  :  declare\n","110  :  documents\n","111  :  duty\n","112  :  financial\n","113  :  form\n","114  :  has\n","115  :  he\n","116  :  health\n","117  :  himself\n","118  :  his\n","119  :  insured\n","120  :  knows\n","121  :  may\n","122  :  other\n","123  :  proposal\n","124  :  questions\n","125  :  required\n","126  :  status\n","127  :  against\n","128  :  age\n","129  :  deciding\n","130  :  factor\n","131  :  important\n","132  :  policy\n","133  :  premium\n","134  :  quantum\n","135  :  document\n","136  :  proving\n","137  :  its\n","138  :  proof\n","139  :  reliable\n","140  :  truthfulness\n","141  :  undertake\n","142  :  accepts\n","143  :  comparatively\n","144  :  less\n","145  :  nonstandard\n","146  :  pinch\n","147  :  proofs\n","148  :  salt\n","149  :  them\n","150  :  those\n","151  :  with\n","152  :  accepting\n","153  :  before\n","154  :  certain\n","155  :  final\n","156  :  precautions\n","157  :  such\n","158  :  takes\n","159  :  words\n","160  :  become\n","161  :  high\n","162  :  income\n","163  :  proposed\n","164  :  sum\n","165  :  very\n","166  :  whenever\n","167  :  acceptable\n","168  :  declared\n","169  :  eight\n","170  :  normally\n","171  :  seven\n","172  :  times\n","173  :  amount\n","174  :  come\n","175  :  compared\n","176  :  desired\n","177  :  do\n","178  :  known\n","179  :  much\n","180  :  proposals\n","181  :  proposer\n","182  :  source\n","183  :  when\n","184  :  does\n","185  :  face\n","186  :  holder\n","187  :  problem\n","188  :  service\n","189  :  sources\n","190  :  verifiable\n","191  :  assessed\n","192  :  at\n","193  :  business\n","194  :  case\n","195  :  desirable\n","196  :  people\n","197  :  what\n","198  :  accountants\n","199  :  calls\n","200  :  cases\n","201  :  certificate\n","202  :  chartered\n","203  :  etc\n","204  :  returns\n","205  :  tax\n","206  :  eliminate\n","207  :  hazard\n","208  :  moral\n","209  :  possibility\n","210  :  detailed\n","211  :  evidence\n","212  :  mentions\n","213  :  buys\n","214  :  delivery\n","215  :  money\n","216  :  right\n","217  :  course\n","218  :  installments\n","219  :  keeps\n","220  :  part\n","221  :  pay\n","222  :  paying\n","223  :  promise\n","224  :  promises\n","225  :  scheduled\n","226  :  above\n","227  :  back\n","228  :  issued\n","229  :  makes\n","230  :  preamble\n","231  :  printed\n","232  :  statement\n","233  :  states\n","234  :  basis\n","235  :  endorsements\n","236  :  given\n","237  :  placed\n","238  :  saying\n","239  :  statements\n","240  :  identifies\n","241  :  office\n","242  :  schedule\n","243  :  called\n","244  :  commencement\n","245  :  date\n","246  :  identification\n","247  :  name\n","248  :  number\n","249  :  policyholder\n","250  :  extremely\n","251  :  making\n","252  :  relating\n","253  :  useful\n","254  :  avoid\n","255  :  delay\n","256  :  needless\n","257  :  address\n","258  :  along\n","259  :  beneficiarys\n","260  :  mentioned\n","261  :  check\n","262  :  correct\n","263  :  correction\n","264  :  immediately\n","265  :  mistake\n","266  :  out\n","267  :  pointed\n","268  :  correspondence\n","269  :  misdirect\n","270  :  notices\n","271  :  nominee\n","272  :  paid\n","273  :  upto\n","274  :  assured\n","275  :  goes\n","276  :  happening\n","277  :  mention\n","278  :  payable\n","279  :  type\n","280  :  how\n","281  :  long\n","282  :  act\n","283  :  completely\n","284  :  dated\n","285  :  official\n","286  :  per\n","287  :  provision\n","288  :  signed\n","289  :  stamp\n","290  :  stamped\n","291  :  another\n","292  :  assignment\n","293  :  effected\n","294  :  endorsement\n","295  :  favour\n","296  :  institution\n","297  :  person\n","298  :  after\n","299  :  automatically\n","300  :  cancelled\n","301  :  done\n","302  :  due\n","303  :  fresh\n","304  :  nomination\n","305  :  policyas\n","306  :  reassignment\n","307  :  subsequent\n","308  :  duplicate\n","309  :  mortgage\n","310  :  used\n","311  :  valuable\n","312  :  absolve\n","313  :  arises\n","314  :  claim\n","315  :  from\n","316  :  liability\n","317  :  loss\n","318  :  payment\n","319  :  proceeds\n","320  :  bond\n","321  :  claimants\n","322  :  furnishing\n","323  :  indemnity\n","324  :  jointly\n","325  :  one\n","326  :  settled\n","327  :  surety\n","328  :  advertisement\n","329  :  being\n","330  :  charges\n","331  :  circumstances\n","332  :  following\n","333  :  if\n","334  :  insists\n","335  :  irrevocably\n","336  :  itself\n","337  :  leading\n","338  :  like\n","339  :  lost\n","340  :  news\n","341  :  paper\n","342  :  preparation\n","343  :  procedure\n","344  :  production\n","345  :  satisfied\n","346  :  satisfies\n","347  :  so\n","348  :  upon\n","349  :  generally\n","350  :  taking\n","351  :  time\n","352  :  subsequently\n","353  :  change\n","354  :  marriage\n","355  :  details\n","356  :  needs\n","357  :  duly\n","358  :  filled\n","359  :  first\n","360  :  forms\n","361  :  every\n","362  :  pays\n","363  :  receipt\n","364  :  receives\n","365  :  leads\n","366  :  non\n","367  :  policylapses\n","368  :  cover\n","369  :  reinstatement\n","370  :  revival\n","371  :  reduced\n","372  :  revived\n","373  :  under\n","374  :  up\n","375  :  detail\n","376  :  advised\n","377  :  agent\n","378  :  explain\n","379  :  provisions\n","380  :  various\n","381  :  explaining\n","382  :  nature\n","383  :  technical\n","384  :  wordings\n","385  :  explained\n","386  :  too\n","387  :  close\n","388  :  custody\n","389  :  kept\n","390  :  knowledge\n","391  :  relatives\n","392  :  safe\n"],"name":"stdout"}]},{"cell_type":"code","metadata":{"id":"4HAZzhwt8zEk","colab":{"base_uri":"https://localhost:8080/"},"executionInfo":{"status":"ok","timestamp":1618811473485,"user_tz":-330,"elapsed":977,"user":{"displayName":"SATYAM SONI","photoUrl":"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/a-/AOh14GhG4rcPYa7hnDqGvLTYPIBiXe9m-k4IPTmu9dWD=s64","userId":"06127152709350492896"}},"outputId":"b8a92082-b2fa-4cb0-e7a9-e8e64d70a070"},"source":["import pprint\n","bow_corpus = [dictionary.doc2bow(text) for text in sentence_words]\n","for sent, embedding in zip(sentences, bow_corpus):\n","  print(sent)\n","  print(embedding)"],"execution_count":null,"outputs":[{"output_type":"stream","text":["life insurance is a legally enforceable contract between two parties both of whom are legally qualified to contract\n","[(0, 1), (1, 1), (2, 1), (3, 1), (4, 2), (5, 1), (6, 1), (7, 1), (8, 2), (9, 1), (10, 1), (11, 1), (12, 1), (13, 1), (14, 1), (15, 1)]\n","it is therefore necessary that the terms and conditions of the agreement must be suitably documented in a manner that would make it clear that both parties to the contract are ad idem ie of the same mind\n","[(0, 1), (1, 1), (3, 1), (4, 1), (7, 1), (10, 2), (11, 1), (13, 1), (16, 1), (17, 1), (18, 1), (19, 1), (20, 1), (21, 1), (22, 1), (23, 1), (24, 1), (25, 1), (26, 2), (27, 1), (28, 1), (29, 1), (30, 1), (31, 1), (32, 1), (33, 1), (34, 1), (35, 3), (36, 4), (37, 1), (38, 1)]\n","adidem means that both the parties understand the same thing in the same sense or are of the same mind on the same subject\n","[(1, 1), (3, 1), (10, 1), (11, 1), (25, 1), (29, 1), (32, 4), (35, 1), (36, 5), (39, 1), (40, 1), (41, 1), (42, 1), (43, 1), (44, 1), (45, 1), (46, 1)]\n","there must be consensus or adidem between the parties to the contract\n","[(2, 1), (4, 1), (11, 1), (13, 1), (19, 1), (30, 1), (36, 2), (39, 1), (42, 1), (47, 1), (48, 1)]\n","this is possible provided all the terms and conditions rights and duties  privileges and obligations are properly documented in terms which can be clearly interpreted in a court of law\n","[(0, 1), (1, 1), (7, 1), (10, 1), (18, 3), (19, 1), (21, 1), (22, 1), (25, 2), (34, 2), (36, 1), (49, 1), (50, 1), (51, 1), (52, 1), (53, 1), (54, 1), (55, 1), (56, 1), (57, 1), (58, 1), (59, 1), (60, 1), (61, 1), (62, 1), (63, 1)]\n","between two human beings sometime silence means an acceptance\n","[(2, 1), (14, 1), (40, 1), (64, 1), (65, 1), (66, 1), (67, 1), (68, 1), (69, 1)]\n","but as the insurer is a legal personality entitled to contract verbal discussion between parties to the contract is not possible and hence there is a need for documentation\n","[(0, 2), (2, 1), (4, 2), (7, 3), (11, 1), (13, 2), (18, 1), (36, 2), (48, 1), (57, 1), (70, 1), (71, 1), (72, 1), (73, 1), (74, 1), (75, 1), (76, 1), (77, 1), (78, 1), (79, 1), (80, 1), (81, 1), (82, 1)]\n","insurance is also a contract of utmost good faith and enforced only in the distant future\n","[(0, 1), (4, 1), (6, 1), (7, 1), (10, 1), (18, 1), (25, 1), (36, 1), (83, 1), (84, 1), (85, 1), (86, 1), (87, 1), (88, 1), (89, 1), (90, 1)]\n","it is therefore necessary that the declarations made by both the parties should be put in black and white for future reference\n","[(3, 1), (7, 1), (11, 1), (18, 1), (19, 1), (25, 1), (26, 1), (31, 1), (35, 1), (36, 2), (37, 1), (75, 1), (87, 1), (91, 1), (92, 1), (93, 1), (94, 1), (95, 1), (96, 1), (97, 1), (98, 1)]\n","any suppression willful and material shall make the contract void\n","[(4, 1), (18, 1), (27, 1), (36, 1), (99, 1), (100, 1), (101, 1), (102, 1), (103, 1), (104, 1)]\n","the insured therefore has a duty to declare all that he knows about himself his health his financial status in answering questions contained in the proposal form and other ancillary documents which may be required by the insurer\n","[(0, 1), (13, 1), (18, 1), (19, 1), (25, 2), (35, 1), (36, 3), (37, 1), (49, 1), (63, 1), (77, 1), (92, 1), (105, 1), (106, 1), (107, 1), (108, 1), (109, 1), (110, 1), (111, 1), (112, 1), (113, 1), (114, 1), (115, 1), (116, 1), (117, 1), (118, 2), (119, 1), (120, 1), (121, 1), (122, 1), (123, 1), (124, 1), (125, 1), (126, 1)]\n","age is an important factor in deciding the quantum of premium against a policy\n","[(0, 1), (7, 1), (10, 1), (25, 1), (36, 1), (65, 1), (127, 1), (128, 1), (129, 1), (130, 1), (131, 1), (132, 1), (133, 1), (134, 1)]\n","the document proving the age ie\n","[(24, 1), (36, 2), (128, 1), (135, 1), (136, 1)]\n","age proof must be reliable and the insured has to undertake as to its truthfulness\n","[(13, 2), (18, 1), (19, 1), (30, 1), (36, 1), (70, 1), (114, 1), (119, 1), (128, 1), (137, 1), (138, 1), (139, 1), (140, 1), (141, 1)]\n","nonstandard age proofs are those which are comparatively less reliable and therefore the insurer accepts them with a pinch of salt\n","[(0, 1), (1, 2), (10, 1), (18, 1), (36, 1), (37, 1), (63, 1), (77, 1), (128, 1), (139, 1), (142, 1), (143, 1), (144, 1), (145, 1), (146, 1), (147, 1), (148, 1), (149, 1), (150, 1), (151, 1)]\n","in other words the insurer takes certain precautions before accepting such age proofs as final\n","[(25, 1), (36, 1), (70, 1), (77, 1), (122, 1), (128, 1), (147, 1), (152, 1), (153, 1), (154, 1), (155, 1), (156, 1), (157, 1), (158, 1), (159, 1)]\n","proof of income is the document may become necessary whenever the sum proposed is very high\n","[(7, 2), (10, 1), (31, 1), (36, 2), (121, 1), (135, 1), (138, 1), (160, 1), (161, 1), (162, 1), (163, 1), (164, 1), (165, 1), (166, 1)]\n","normally a sum proposed which is seven to eight times of the declared income is acceptable for insurance\n","[(0, 1), (6, 1), (7, 2), (10, 1), (13, 1), (36, 1), (63, 1), (75, 1), (162, 1), (163, 1), (164, 1), (167, 1), (168, 1), (169, 1), (170, 1), (171, 1), (172, 1)]\n","but proposals do come to the insurer when the known source of income of the proposer is much less compared to the amount of insurance desired\n","[(6, 1), (7, 1), (10, 3), (13, 2), (36, 4), (71, 1), (77, 1), (144, 1), (162, 1), (173, 1), (174, 1), (175, 1), (176, 1), (177, 1), (178, 1), (179, 1), (180, 1), (181, 1), (182, 1), (183, 1)]\n","a service holder normally does not face this problem as his sources of income are verifiable\n","[(0, 1), (1, 1), (10, 1), (62, 1), (70, 1), (80, 1), (118, 1), (162, 1), (170, 1), (184, 1), (185, 1), (186, 1), (187, 1), (188, 1), (189, 1), (190, 1)]\n","in case of business people the assessed income is at times much less compared to what is a desirable income for the amount of insurance desired\n","[(0, 1), (6, 1), (7, 2), (10, 2), (13, 1), (25, 1), (36, 2), (75, 1), (144, 1), (162, 2), (172, 1), (173, 1), (175, 1), (176, 1), (179, 1), (191, 1), (192, 1), (193, 1), (194, 1), (195, 1), (196, 1), (197, 1)]\n","in such cases the insurer at times calls for assessed income tax returns or chartered accountants certificate etc\n","[(25, 1), (36, 1), (42, 1), (75, 1), (77, 1), (157, 1), (162, 1), (172, 1), (191, 1), (192, 1), (198, 1), (199, 1), (200, 1), (201, 1), (202, 1), (203, 1), (204, 1), (205, 1)]\n","such precautions are necessary to eliminate the possibility of moral hazard\n","[(1, 1), (10, 1), (13, 1), (31, 1), (36, 1), (156, 1), (157, 1), (206, 1), (207, 1), (208, 1), (209, 1)]\n","policy contract is the policy document is a detailed document and it is the evidence of the insurance contract which mentions all the terms and conditions of the insurance\n","[(0, 1), (4, 2), (6, 2), (7, 3), (10, 2), (18, 2), (21, 1), (26, 1), (34, 1), (36, 5), (49, 1), (63, 1), (132, 2), (135, 2), (210, 1), (211, 1), (212, 1)]\n","the insured buys not the policy contract but the right to the sum of money and its future delivery\n","[(4, 1), (10, 1), (13, 1), (18, 1), (36, 4), (71, 1), (80, 1), (87, 1), (119, 1), (132, 1), (137, 1), (164, 1), (213, 1), (214, 1), (215, 1), (216, 1)]\n","the insurer on its part promises to pay a sum of money provided of course the insured keeps its part of promise of paying the installments of premium as scheduled\n","[(0, 1), (10, 5), (13, 1), (36, 3), (41, 1), (60, 1), (70, 1), (77, 1), (119, 1), (133, 1), (137, 2), (164, 1), (215, 1), (217, 1), (218, 1), (219, 1), (220, 2), (221, 1), (222, 1), (223, 1), (224, 1), (225, 1)]\n","the preamble to the insurance contract makes the above statement clear and states that this policy is issued subject to the conditions and privileges printed on the back of the policy\n","[(4, 1), (6, 1), (7, 1), (10, 1), (13, 2), (18, 2), (20, 1), (21, 1), (35, 1), (36, 6), (41, 1), (44, 1), (58, 1), (62, 1), (132, 2), (226, 1), (227, 1), (228, 1), (229, 1), (230, 1), (231, 1), (232, 1), (233, 1)]\n","the endorsements placed on the policy shall also be part of the policy and it also makes a reference to the proposal form saying that that the statements given in the proposal form are the basis of the contract\n","[(0, 1), (1, 1), (4, 1), (10, 2), (13, 1), (18, 1), (19, 1), (25, 1), (26, 1), (35, 2), (36, 8), (41, 1), (83, 2), (96, 1), (101, 1), (113, 2), (123, 2), (132, 2), (220, 1), (229, 1), (234, 1), (235, 1), (236, 1), (237, 1), (238, 1), (239, 1)]\n","the schedule which is printed on the policy document identifies the office which has issued the policy\n","[(7, 1), (36, 4), (41, 1), (63, 2), (114, 1), (132, 2), (135, 1), (228, 1), (231, 1), (240, 1), (241, 1), (242, 1)]\n","it states the name of the policyholder the date of commencement of the policy an identification number of the policy called policy number\n","[(10, 4), (26, 1), (36, 5), (65, 1), (132, 3), (233, 1), (243, 1), (244, 1), (245, 1), (246, 1), (247, 1), (248, 2), (249, 1)]\n","this number is extremely useful for making any reference to the insurer relating to this policy\n","[(7, 1), (13, 2), (36, 1), (62, 2), (75, 1), (77, 1), (96, 1), (99, 1), (132, 1), (248, 1), (250, 1), (251, 1), (252, 1), (253, 1)]\n","this shall avoid needless delay\n","[(62, 1), (101, 1), (254, 1), (255, 1), (256, 1)]\n","beneficiarys name is also mentioned along with address\n","[(7, 1), (83, 1), (151, 1), (247, 1), (257, 1), (258, 1), (259, 1), (260, 1)]\n","it is necessary to check that it is correct and any mistake should be immediately pointed out for correction\n","[(7, 2), (13, 1), (18, 1), (19, 1), (26, 2), (31, 1), (35, 1), (75, 1), (97, 1), (99, 1), (261, 1), (262, 1), (263, 1), (264, 1), (265, 1), (266, 1), (267, 1)]\n","a mistake in the address may misdirect the premium notices and any other future correspondence\n","[(0, 1), (18, 1), (25, 1), (36, 2), (87, 1), (99, 1), (121, 1), (122, 1), (133, 1), (257, 1), (265, 1), (268, 1), (269, 1), (270, 1)]\n","it also states the name of the nominee and the date upto which premium has to be paid\n","[(10, 1), (13, 1), (18, 1), (19, 1), (26, 1), (36, 3), (63, 1), (83, 1), (114, 1), (133, 1), (233, 1), (245, 1), (247, 1), (271, 1), (272, 1), (273, 1)]\n","the schedule goes on to mention the type of policy on the happening of which the sum assured is payable and to whom it is payable\n","[(7, 2), (10, 2), (13, 2), (15, 1), (18, 1), (26, 1), (36, 4), (41, 2), (63, 1), (132, 1), (164, 1), (242, 1), (274, 1), (275, 1), (276, 1), (277, 1), (278, 2), (279, 1)]\n","it of course also mentions when and how long the premium is to be paid\n","[(7, 1), (10, 1), (13, 1), (18, 1), (19, 1), (26, 1), (36, 1), (83, 1), (133, 1), (183, 1), (212, 1), (217, 1), (272, 1), (280, 1), (281, 1)]\n","the policy document is signed by an official of the insurer and dated and stamped as per the provision of the stamp act to make it a completely legally enforceable document\n","[(0, 1), (5, 1), (7, 1), (8, 1), (10, 2), (13, 1), (18, 2), (26, 1), (27, 1), (36, 4), (65, 1), (70, 1), (77, 1), (92, 1), (132, 1), (135, 2), (282, 1), (283, 1), (284, 1), (285, 1), (286, 1), (287, 1), (288, 1), (289, 1), (290, 1)]\n","an assignment of a policy in favour of another person or institution can be effected by an endorsement on the policy\n","[(0, 1), (10, 2), (19, 1), (25, 1), (36, 1), (41, 1), (42, 1), (50, 1), (65, 2), (92, 1), (132, 2), (291, 1), (292, 1), (293, 1), (294, 1), (295, 1), (296, 1), (297, 1)]\n","reassignment can also be done by a subsequent endorsement on the same policyas a nomination is automatically cancelled due to an assignment after reassignment it is necessary to make a fresh nomination\n","[(0, 3), (7, 2), (13, 2), (19, 1), (26, 1), (27, 1), (31, 1), (32, 1), (36, 1), (41, 1), (50, 1), (65, 1), (83, 1), (92, 1), (292, 1), (294, 1), (298, 1), (299, 1), (300, 1), (301, 1), (302, 1), (303, 1), (304, 2), (305, 1), (306, 2), (307, 1)]\n","in duplicate policy a policy document is a valuable document and can be used for mortgage etc\n","[(0, 2), (7, 1), (18, 1), (19, 1), (25, 1), (50, 1), (75, 1), (132, 2), (135, 2), (203, 1), (308, 1), (309, 1), (310, 1), (311, 1)]\n","loss of policy document does not absolve the insurer from the liability of payment of policy proceeds when the claim arises\n","[(10, 3), (36, 3), (77, 1), (80, 1), (132, 2), (135, 1), (183, 1), (184, 1), (312, 1), (313, 1), (314, 1), (315, 1), (316, 1), (317, 1), (318, 1), (319, 1)]\n","the claim can be settled on the claimants furnishing an indemnity bond jointly with one surety\n","[(19, 1), (36, 2), (41, 1), (50, 1), (65, 1), (151, 1), (314, 1), (320, 1), (321, 1), (322, 1), (323, 1), (324, 1), (325, 1), (326, 1), (327, 1)]\n","if a policy is irrevocably lost a duplicate policy can be issued after following a certain procedure like the insurer satisfies itself of the circumstances leading to loss and being so satisfied the insurer insists upon an advertisement in a news paper production of an indemnity bond and payment of policy preparation charges and there after a duplicate policy is issued\n","[(0, 5), (7, 2), (10, 3), (13, 1), (18, 3), (19, 1), (25, 1), (36, 3), (48, 1), (50, 1), (65, 2), (77, 2), (132, 4), (154, 1), (228, 2), (298, 2), (308, 2), (317, 1), (318, 1), (320, 1), (323, 1), (328, 1), (329, 1), (330, 1), (331, 1), (332, 1), (333, 1), (334, 1), (335, 1), (336, 1), (337, 1), (338, 1), (339, 1), (340, 1), (341, 1), (342, 1), (343, 1), (344, 1), (345, 1), (346, 1), (347, 1), (348, 1)]\n","generally nomination is made at the time of taking a policy\n","[(0, 1), (7, 1), (10, 1), (36, 1), (94, 1), (132, 1), (192, 1), (304, 1), (349, 1), (350, 1), (351, 1)]\n","in case it is not done it is possible to make nomination subsequently by an endorsement on the policy\n","[(7, 2), (13, 1), (25, 1), (26, 2), (27, 1), (36, 1), (41, 1), (57, 1), (65, 1), (80, 1), (92, 1), (132, 1), (194, 1), (294, 1), (301, 1), (304, 1), (352, 1)]\n","it is also possible to change a nomination subsequently by an endorsement\n","[(0, 1), (7, 1), (13, 1), (26, 1), (57, 1), (65, 1), (83, 1), (92, 1), (294, 1), (304, 1), (352, 1), (353, 1)]\n","after marriage such change in nomination is normally required\n","[(7, 1), (25, 1), (125, 1), (157, 1), (170, 1), (298, 1), (304, 1), (353, 1), (354, 1)]\n","life insurance being a legally enforceable contract needs to be documented with details of the rights and obligations of the parties to the contract\n","[(0, 1), (4, 2), (5, 1), (6, 1), (8, 1), (9, 1), (10, 2), (11, 1), (13, 2), (18, 1), (19, 1), (22, 1), (36, 3), (56, 1), (61, 1), (151, 1), (329, 1), (355, 1), (356, 1)]\n","proposal form duly filled in and signed by the proposer is the first document which forms the basis of the contract\n","[(4, 1), (7, 1), (10, 1), (18, 1), (25, 1), (36, 4), (63, 1), (92, 1), (113, 1), (123, 1), (135, 1), (181, 1), (234, 1), (288, 1), (357, 1), (358, 1), (359, 1), (360, 1)]\n","every time the insured pays the premium he receives a premium receipt\n","[(0, 1), (36, 2), (115, 1), (119, 1), (133, 2), (351, 1), (361, 1), (362, 1), (363, 1), (364, 1)]\n","the premium needs to be paid in time non payment of premium leads to policylapses\n","[(10, 1), (13, 2), (19, 1), (25, 1), (36, 1), (133, 2), (272, 1), (318, 1), (351, 1), (356, 1), (365, 1), (366, 1), (367, 1)]\n","reinstatement of the cover is called revival of the policy\n","[(7, 1), (10, 2), (36, 2), (132, 1), (243, 1), (368, 1), (369, 1), (370, 1)]\n","if the policy is not revived the policy can become a paid up policy for a reduced sum assured under certain conditions\n","[(0, 2), (7, 1), (21, 1), (36, 2), (50, 1), (75, 1), (80, 1), (132, 3), (154, 1), (160, 1), (164, 1), (272, 1), (274, 1), (333, 1), (371, 1), (372, 1), (373, 1), (374, 1)]\n","the policy document mentions in detail all the rights and obligations of the policyholder\n","[(10, 1), (18, 1), (25, 1), (36, 3), (49, 1), (56, 1), (61, 1), (132, 1), (135, 1), (212, 1), (249, 1), (375, 1)]\n","the agent is advised to explain the various provisions of the policy to the policyholder\n","[(7, 1), (10, 1), (13, 2), (36, 4), (132, 1), (249, 1), (376, 1), (377, 1), (378, 1), (379, 1), (380, 1)]\n","the wordings in the policy document are of technical nature and hence the need for explaining\n","[(1, 1), (10, 1), (18, 1), (25, 1), (36, 3), (75, 1), (76, 1), (79, 1), (132, 1), (135, 1), (381, 1), (382, 1), (383, 1), (384, 1)]\n","if there are certain endorsements on the policy that need to be explained too\n","[(1, 1), (13, 1), (19, 1), (35, 1), (36, 1), (41, 1), (48, 1), (79, 1), (132, 1), (154, 1), (235, 1), (333, 1), (385, 1), (386, 1)]\n","it needs to be explained that the policy is a valuable document and needs to be kept in safe custody and in the knowledge of the close relatives\n","[(0, 1), (7, 1), (10, 1), (13, 2), (18, 2), (19, 2), (25, 2), (26, 1), (35, 1), (36, 3), (132, 1), (135, 1), (311, 1), (356, 2), (385, 1), (387, 1), (388, 1), (389, 1), (390, 1), (391, 1), (392, 1)]\n"],"name":"stdout"}]},{"cell_type":"code","metadata":{"id":"sJfNYfi4jBxd"},"source":["user_question = \"When can a duplicate policy be issued?\""],"execution_count":null,"outputs":[]},{"cell_type":"code","metadata":{"id":"GWPK9jeG9cHH","colab":{"base_uri":"https://localhost:8080/"},"executionInfo":{"status":"ok","timestamp":1618811480337,"user_tz":-330,"elapsed":1067,"user":{"displayName":"SATYAM SONI","photoUrl":"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/a-/AOh14GhG4rcPYa7hnDqGvLTYPIBiXe9m-k4IPTmu9dWD=s64","userId":"06127152709350492896"}},"outputId":"9982f37a-206f-431d-9a30-2c88b8c69ba9"},"source":["question = clean_sentence(user_question, stopwords=False)\n","question_embedding = dictionary.doc2bow(question.split())\n","print(user_question, \"\\n\", question_embedding)"],"execution_count":null,"outputs":[{"output_type":"stream","text":["When can a duplicate policy be issued? \n"," [(0, 1), (19, 1), (50, 1), (132, 1), (183, 1), (228, 1), (308, 1)]\n"],"name":"stdout"}]},{"cell_type":"code","metadata":{"id":"m-LfOsDH-6DB","colab":{"base_uri":"https://localhost:8080/"},"executionInfo":{"status":"ok","timestamp":1618811482784,"user_tz":-330,"elapsed":1062,"user":{"displayName":"SATYAM SONI","photoUrl":"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/a-/AOh14GhG4rcPYa7hnDqGvLTYPIBiXe9m-k4IPTmu9dWD=s64","userId":"06127152709350492896"}},"outputId":"0d24582c-65e3-4257-b492-59ca4f5a0779"},"source":["import sklearn\n","from sklearn.metrics.pairwise import cosine_similarity\n","\n","def retrieveAndPrintFAQAnswer(question_embedding, sentence_embeddings, sentences):\n","  max_sim = -1\n","  index_sim = -1\n","  for index, embedding in enumerate(sentence_embeddings):\n","    sim = cosine_similarity(embedding, question_embedding)[0][0]\n","    print(index, sim, sentences[index])\n","    if sim > max_sim:\n","      max_sim = sim\n","      index_sim = index\n","  \n","  return index_sim\n","index = retrieveAndPrintFAQAnswer(question_embedding, bow_corpus, sentences)  "],"execution_count":null,"outputs":[{"output_type":"stream","text":["0 1.0 life insurance is a legally enforceable contract between two parties both of whom are legally qualified to contract\n","1 1.0 it is therefore necessary that the terms and conditions of the agreement must be suitably documented in a manner that would make it clear that both parties to the contract are ad idem ie of the same mind\n","2 0.7071067811865475 adidem means that both the parties understand the same thing in the same sense or are of the same mind on the same subject\n","3 0.4472135954999579 there must be consensus or adidem between the parties to the contract\n","4 1.0 this is possible provided all the terms and conditions rights and duties  privileges and obligations are properly documented in terms which can be clearly interpreted in a court of law\n","5 0.4472135954999579 between two human beings sometime silence means an acceptance\n","6 1.0 but as the insurer is a legal personality entitled to contract verbal discussion between parties to the contract is not possible and hence there is a need for documentation\n","7 1.0 insurance is also a contract of utmost good faith and enforced only in the distant future\n","8 0.31622776601683794 it is therefore necessary that the declarations made by both the parties should be put in black and white for future reference\n","9 0.24253562503633297 any suppression willful and material shall make the contract void\n","10 1.0 the insured therefore has a duty to declare all that he knows about himself his health his financial status in answering questions contained in the proposal form and other ancillary documents which may be required by the insurer\n","11 1.0 age is an important factor in deciding the quantum of premium against a policy\n","12 0.04163054471218133 the document proving the age ie\n","13 0.1520571842539411 age proof must be reliable and the insured has to undertake as to its truthfulness\n","14 1.0 nonstandard age proofs are those which are comparatively less reliable and therefore the insurer accepts them with a pinch of salt\n","15 0.039968038348871575 in other words the insurer takes certain precautions before accepting such age proofs as final\n","16 0.27472112789737807 proof of income is the document may become necessary whenever the sum proposed is very high\n","17 1.0 normally a sum proposed which is seven to eight times of the declared income is acceptable for insurance\n","18 0.1643989873053573 but proposals do come to the insurer when the known source of income of the proposer is much less compared to the amount of insurance desired\n","19 1.0 a service holder normally does not face this problem as his sources of income are verifiable\n","20 1.0 in case of business people the assessed income is at times much less compared to what is a desirable income for the amount of insurance desired\n","21 0.039968038348871575 in such cases the insurer at times calls for assessed income tax returns or chartered accountants certificate etc\n","22 0.7071067811865475 such precautions are necessary to eliminate the possibility of moral hazard\n","23 1.0 policy contract is the policy document is a detailed document and it is the evidence of the insurance contract which mentions all the terms and conditions of the insurance\n","24 0.24253562503633297 the insured buys not the policy contract but the right to the sum of money and its future delivery\n","25 1.0 the insurer on its part promises to pay a sum of money provided of course the insured keeps its part of promise of paying the installments of premium as scheduled\n","26 0.24253562503633297 the preamble to the insurance contract makes the above statement clear and states that this policy is issued subject to the conditions and privileges printed on the back of the policy\n","27 1.0 the endorsements placed on the policy shall also be part of the policy and it also makes a reference to the proposal form saying that that the statements given in the proposal form are the basis of the contract\n","28 0.1414213562373095 the schedule which is printed on the policy document identifies the office which has issued the policy\n","29 0.3713906763541037 it states the name of the policyholder the date of commencement of the policy an identification number of the policy called policy number\n","30 0.1414213562373095 this number is extremely useful for making any reference to the insurer relating to this policy\n","31 0.016126934718260072 this shall avoid needless delay\n","32 0.1414213562373095 beneficiarys name is also mentioned along with address\n","33 0.27472112789737807 it is necessary to check that it is correct and any mistake should be immediately pointed out for correction\n","34 1.0 a mistake in the address may misdirect the premium notices and any other future correspondence\n","35 0.09950371902099892 it also states the name of the nominee and the date upto which premium has to be paid\n","36 0.27472112789737807 the schedule goes on to mention the type of policy on the happening of which the sum assured is payable and to whom it is payable\n","37 0.1414213562373095 it of course also mentions when and how long the premium is to be paid\n","38 1.0 the policy document is signed by an official of the insurer and dated and stamped as per the provision of the stamp act to make it a completely legally enforceable document\n","39 1.0 an assignment of a policy in favour of another person or institution can be effected by an endorsement on the policy\n","40 1.0 reassignment can also be done by a subsequent endorsement on the same policyas a nomination is automatically cancelled due to an assignment after reassignment it is necessary to make a fresh nomination\n","41 1.0 in duplicate policy a policy document is a valuable document and can be used for mortgage etc\n","42 0.2873478855663454 loss of policy document does not absolve the insurer from the liability of payment of policy proceeds when the claim arises\n","43 0.052558833122763673 the claim can be settled on the claimants furnishing an indemnity bond jointly with one surety\n","44 1.0 if a policy is irrevocably lost a duplicate policy can be issued after following a certain procedure like the insurer satisfies itself of the circumstances leading to loss and being so satisfied the insurer insists upon an advertisement in a news paper production of an indemnity bond and payment of policy preparation charges and there after a duplicate policy is issued\n","45 1.0 generally nomination is made at the time of taking a policy\n","46 0.27472112789737807 in case it is not done it is possible to make nomination subsequently by an endorsement on the policy\n","47 1.0 it is also possible to change a nomination subsequently by an endorsement\n","48 0.1414213562373095 after marriage such change in nomination is normally required\n","49 1.0 life insurance being a legally enforceable contract needs to be documented with details of the rights and obligations of the parties to the contract\n","50 0.24253562503633297 proposal form duly filled in and signed by the proposer is the first document which forms the basis of the contract\n","51 1.0 every time the insured pays the premium he receives a premium receipt\n","52 0.09950371902099892 the premium needs to be paid in time non payment of premium leads to policylapses\n","53 0.1414213562373095 reinstatement of the cover is called revival of the policy\n","54 1.0 if the policy is not revived the policy can become a paid up policy for a reduced sum assured under certain conditions\n","55 0.09950371902099892 the policy document mentions in detail all the rights and obligations of the policyholder\n","56 0.1414213562373095 the agent is advised to explain the various provisions of the policy to the policyholder\n","57 0.7071067811865475 the wordings in the policy document are of technical nature and hence the need for explaining\n","58 0.7071067811865475 if there are certain endorsements on the policy that need to be explained too\n","59 1.0 it needs to be explained that the policy is a valuable document and needs to be kept in safe custody and in the knowledge of the close relatives\n"],"name":"stdout"}]},{"cell_type":"code","metadata":{"id":"ZoAd9CLbAb14","colab":{"base_uri":"https://localhost:8080/"},"executionInfo":{"status":"ok","timestamp":1618811489105,"user_tz":-330,"elapsed":1285,"user":{"displayName":"SATYAM SONI","photoUrl":"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/a-/AOh14GhG4rcPYa7hnDqGvLTYPIBiXe9m-k4IPTmu9dWD=s64","userId":"06127152709350492896"}},"outputId":"1200113d-8bde-4db6-d532-e269a6370152"},"source":["print(\"Question: \", question)\n","print(\"Answer: \", sentences[index])"],"execution_count":null,"outputs":[{"output_type":"stream","text":["Question:  when can a duplicate policy be issued\n","Answer:  life insurance is a legally enforceable contract between two parties both of whom are legally qualified to contract\n"],"name":"stdout"}]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{"id":"fWQRz7e1I8pE"},"source":["**==============================================================================================================**"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{"id":"pjkeXT1gscKC"},"source":["***Word Embedding Technique***\n","\n","\n","\n","1.   Word2Vec Embedding Technique\n","2.   Glove Embedding Technique\n","\n"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{"id":"DJRvDzKCe_3j"},"source":["***Using Word2Vec Model Approch***\n","\n","In these appproch we takes input of large corpus words and produces a vector space, typically of several hundreds dimensions, with each unique word in the corpus being assigned a corresponding vector in the space.\n","\n","Word vectors are positioned in the vector space such that words that share common contexts in the corpus are located in close proximity to one another in the space. Word2Vec is a particularly computationally-efficient predictive model for learning word embeddings from raw text.\n","\n","**Working**\n","\n","Word2Vec is a simple neural network with a single hidden layer, and like all neural networks, it has weights, and during training, its goal is to adjust those weights to reduce a loss function. However, Word2Vec is not going to be used for the task it was trained on, instead, we will just take its hidden weights, use them as our word embeddings, and toss the rest of the model (this came out a little bit evil).\n"]},{"cell_type":"code","metadata":{"id":"-chQGLPdgtw_","colab":{"base_uri":"https://localhost:8080/"},"executionInfo":{"status":"ok","timestamp":1618812275160,"user_tz":-330,"elapsed":778430,"user":{"displayName":"SATYAM SONI","photoUrl":"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/a-/AOh14GhG4rcPYa7hnDqGvLTYPIBiXe9m-k4IPTmu9dWD=s64","userId":"06127152709350492896"}},"outputId":"6ca80957-72e4-4608-ea6f-4c0f541510fe"},"source":["from gensim.models import Word2Vec\n","import gensim.downloader as api\n","\n","v2w_model = None\n","try:\n","  v2w_model = gensim.models.Keyedvectors.load('./w2vecmodel.mod')\n","  print(\"w2v Model Successfully loaded\")\n","except:\n","  v2w_model = api.load('word2vec-google-news-300')\n","  v2w_model.save(\"./w2vecmodel.mod\")\n","  print(\"w2v Model Saved\")\n","\n","w2vec_embedding_size = len(v2w_model['pc'])  "],"execution_count":null,"outputs":[{"output_type":"stream","text":["[==================================================] 100.0% 1662.8/1662.8MB downloaded\n","w2v Model Saved\n"],"name":"stdout"}]},{"cell_type":"code","metadata":{"id":"BBUdO737g1jb"},"source":["def getWordVec(word, model):\n","  samp = model['pc']\n","  vec = [0]*len(samp)\n","  try:\n","    vec = model[word]\n","  except:\n","    vec = [0]*len(samp)\n","  return (vec)\n","\n","\n","def getPhraseEmbedding(phrase, embeddingmodel):\n","  samp = getWordVec('computer', embeddingmodel)\n","  vec = numpy.array([0]*len(samp))\n","  den = 0;\n","  for word in phrase.split():\n","    den = den+1\n","    vec = vec+numpy.array(getWordVec(word, embeddingmodel))\n","  return vec.reshape(1, -1)"],"execution_count":null,"outputs":[]},{"cell_type":"code","metadata":{"id":"C2al6WxJhSPX","colab":{"base_uri":"https://localhost:8080/"},"executionInfo":{"status":"ok","timestamp":1618812289091,"user_tz":-330,"elapsed":1294,"user":{"displayName":"SATYAM SONI","photoUrl":"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/a-/AOh14GhG4rcPYa7hnDqGvLTYPIBiXe9m-k4IPTmu9dWD=s64","userId":"06127152709350492896"}},"outputId":"ea7371b0-d9f3-4a56-b4e3-e6f958542a7c"},"source":["sent_embeddings = []\n","for sent in sentences:\n","  sent_embeddings.append(getPhraseEmbedding(sent, v2w_model))\n","\n","question_embedding = getPhraseEmbedding(question, v2w_model)\n","index = retrieveAndPrintFAQAnswer(question_embedding, sent_embeddings, cleaned_sentences_with_stopwords)"],"execution_count":null,"outputs":[{"output_type":"stream","text":["0 0.5513437234038394 life insurance is a legally enforceable contract between two parties both of whom are legally qualified to contract\n","1 0.7025787291556694 it is therefore necessary that the terms and conditions of the agreement must be suitably documented in a manner that would make it clear that both parties to the contract are ad idem ie of the same mind\n","2 0.6070676295451412 adidem means that both the parties understand the same thing in the same sense or are of the same mind on the same subject\n","3 0.6058007155185451 there must be consensus or adidem between the parties to the contract\n","4 0.6729521680764039 this is possible provided all the terms and conditions rights and duties  privileges and obligations are properly documented in terms which can be clearly interpreted in a court of law\n","5 0.430919800661395 between two human beings sometime silence means an acceptance\n","6 0.6073519392489676 but as the insurer is a legal personality entitled to contract verbal discussion between parties to the contract is not possible and hence there is a need for documentation\n","7 0.5664510941271083 insurance is also a contract of utmost good faith and enforced only in the distant future\n","8 0.69478734559311 it is therefore necessary that the declarations made by both the parties should be put in black and white for future reference\n","9 0.5198375172683362 any suppression willful and material shall make the contract void\n","10 0.6611051312698848 the insured therefore has a duty to declare all that he knows about himself his health his financial status in answering questions contained in the proposal form and other ancillary documents which may be required by the insurer\n","11 0.5488815994630494 age is an important factor in deciding the quantum of premium against a policy\n","12 0.4924984808143421 the document proving the age ie\n","13 0.5737018659197571 age proof must be reliable and the insured has to undertake as to its truthfulness\n","14 0.5541358790129954 nonstandard age proofs are those which are comparatively less reliable and therefore the insurer accepts them with a pinch of salt\n","15 0.5892738745304305 in other words the insurer takes certain precautions before accepting such age proofs as final\n","16 0.6380306388761755 proof of income is the document may become necessary whenever the sum proposed is very high\n","17 0.5844253616891336 normally a sum proposed which is seven to eight times of the declared income is acceptable for insurance\n","18 0.5939455208747356 but proposals do come to the insurer when the known source of income of the proposer is much less compared to the amount of insurance desired\n","19 0.6163914527266782 a service holder normally does not face this problem as his sources of income are verifiable\n","20 0.5758529661170784 in case of business people the assessed income is at times much less compared to what is a desirable income for the amount of insurance desired\n","21 0.5321177098723562 in such cases the insurer at times calls for assessed income tax returns or chartered accountants certificate etc\n","22 0.5108475232749291 such precautions are necessary to eliminate the possibility of moral hazard\n","23 0.6187452256409255 policy contract is the policy document is a detailed document and it is the evidence of the insurance contract which mentions all the terms and conditions of the insurance\n","24 0.6078912050401158 the insured buys not the policy contract but the right to the sum of money and its future delivery\n","25 0.511316037542887 the insurer on its part promises to pay a sum of money provided of course the insured keeps its part of promise of paying the installments of premium as scheduled\n","26 0.7062835520058147 the preamble to the insurance contract makes the above statement clear and states that this policy is issued subject to the conditions and privileges printed on the back of the policy\n","27 0.7158689433626612 the endorsements placed on the policy shall also be part of the policy and it also makes a reference to the proposal form saying that that the statements given in the proposal form are the basis of the contract\n","28 0.706824893174336 the schedule which is printed on the policy document identifies the office which has issued the policy\n","29 0.6524455876351415 it states the name of the policyholder the date of commencement of the policy an identification number of the policy called policy number\n","30 0.6456558511425787 this number is extremely useful for making any reference to the insurer relating to this policy\n","31 0.48853390154595366 this shall avoid needless delay\n","32 0.450630372488278 beneficiarys name is also mentioned along with address\n","33 0.6974006724824884 it is necessary to check that it is correct and any mistake should be immediately pointed out for correction\n","34 0.6332707996414288 a mistake in the address may misdirect the premium notices and any other future correspondence\n","35 0.6010562976675246 it also states the name of the nominee and the date upto which premium has to be paid\n","36 0.6237862046101611 the schedule goes on to mention the type of policy on the happening of which the sum assured is payable and to whom it is payable\n","37 0.6336198754598449 it of course also mentions when and how long the premium is to be paid\n","38 0.70181426466668 the policy document is signed by an official of the insurer and dated and stamped as per the provision of the stamp act to make it a completely legally enforceable document\n","39 0.6902136621204257 an assignment of a policy in favour of another person or institution can be effected by an endorsement on the policy\n","40 0.6468801409824071 reassignment can also be done by a subsequent endorsement on the same policyas a nomination is automatically cancelled due to an assignment after reassignment it is necessary to make a fresh nomination\n","41 0.781584191920509 in duplicate policy a policy document is a valuable document and can be used for mortgage etc\n","42 0.6386906511713176 loss of policy document does not absolve the insurer from the liability of payment of policy proceeds when the claim arises\n","43 0.5318085695524406 the claim can be settled on the claimants furnishing an indemnity bond jointly with one surety\n","44 0.7858182816467707 if a policy is irrevocably lost a duplicate policy can be issued after following a certain procedure like the insurer satisfies itself of the circumstances leading to loss and being so satisfied the insurer insists upon an advertisement in a news paper production of an indemnity bond and payment of policy preparation charges and there after a duplicate policy is issued\n","45 0.6146633961785061 generally nomination is made at the time of taking a policy\n","46 0.6758885826306097 in case it is not done it is possible to make nomination subsequently by an endorsement on the policy\n","47 0.5326113011888557 it is also possible to change a nomination subsequently by an endorsement\n","48 0.5417891646891543 after marriage such change in nomination is normally required\n","49 0.5734139667541359 life insurance being a legally enforceable contract needs to be documented with details of the rights and obligations of the parties to the contract\n","50 0.5622228070547911 proposal form duly filled in and signed by the proposer is the first document which forms the basis of the contract\n","51 0.48859572989447 every time the insured pays the premium he receives a premium receipt\n","52 0.5232983062072266 the premium needs to be paid in time non payment of premium leads to policylapses\n","53 0.5389555641509096 reinstatement of the cover is called revival of the policy\n","54 0.7402111154032076 if the policy is not revived the policy can become a paid up policy for a reduced sum assured under certain conditions\n","55 0.5827225356005117 the policy document mentions in detail all the rights and obligations of the policyholder\n","56 0.6076604964630865 the agent is advised to explain the various provisions of the policy to the policyholder\n","57 0.6647071279323337 the wordings in the policy document are of technical nature and hence the need for explaining\n","58 0.7181611927293274 if there are certain endorsements on the policy that need to be explained too\n","59 0.6695013538805216 it needs to be explained that the policy is a valuable document and needs to be kept in safe custody and in the knowledge of the close relatives\n"],"name":"stdout"}]},{"cell_type":"code","metadata":{"id":"yj0efZa6ir9R","colab":{"base_uri":"https://localhost:8080/"},"executionInfo":{"status":"ok","timestamp":1618812294808,"user_tz":-330,"elapsed":1271,"user":{"displayName":"SATYAM SONI","photoUrl":"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/a-/AOh14GhG4rcPYa7hnDqGvLTYPIBiXe9m-k4IPTmu9dWD=s64","userId":"06127152709350492896"}},"outputId":"0818518f-51fe-4e00-bdc0-62694df97132"},"source":["print(\"Question: \", question)\n","print(\"Answer: \", cleaned_sentences_with_stopwords[index])"],"execution_count":null,"outputs":[{"output_type":"stream","text":["Question:  when can a duplicate policy be issued\n","Answer:  if a policy is irrevocably lost a duplicate policy can be issued after following a certain procedure like the insurer satisfies itself of the circumstances leading to loss and being so satisfied the insurer insists upon an advertisement in a news paper production of an indemnity bond and payment of policy preparation charges and there after a duplicate policy is issued\n"],"name":"stdout"}]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{"id":"afurV6G2I6Fh"},"source":["**==============================================================================================================**"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{"id":"t5yzr-rBrf4-"},"source":["***Using Glove Embedding Approch***\n","\n","Glove is an alternate approch to build word embeddings using matrix factorization techniques on the word-word co-occurance matrix.\n","\n","A large matrix of co-occurrence information is constructed and you count each “word” (the rows), and how frequently we see this word in some “context” (the columns) in a large corpus. Usually, we scan our corpus in the following manner: for each term, we look for context terms within some area defined by a window-size before the term and a window-size after the term. Also, we give less weight for more distant words.\n","\n","The number of “contexts” is, of course, large, since it is essentially combinatorial in size. So then we factorize this matrix to yield a lower-dimensional matrix, where each row now yields a vector representation for each word. In general, this is done by minimizing a “reconstruction loss”. This loss tries to find the lower-dimensional representations which can explain most of the variance in the high-dimensional data."]},{"cell_type":"code","metadata":{"id":"mNYLGDiCjBT7","colab":{"base_uri":"https://localhost:8080/"},"executionInfo":{"status":"ok","timestamp":1618812405263,"user_tz":-330,"elapsed":107436,"user":{"displayName":"SATYAM SONI","photoUrl":"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/a-/AOh14GhG4rcPYa7hnDqGvLTYPIBiXe9m-k4IPTmu9dWD=s64","userId":"06127152709350492896"}},"outputId":"f91cd3bf-f501-4fba-c2b8-e22a126912de"},"source":["glove_model = None\n","try:\n","  glove_model = gensim.models.Keyedvectors.load('./glovemodel.mod')\n","  print(\"Glove Model Successfully loaded\")\n","except:\n","  glove_model = api.load('glove-twitter-25')\n","  glove_model.save(\"./glovemodel.mod\")\n","  print(\"Glove Model Saved\")\n","\n","glove_embedding_size = len(glove_model['pc'])"],"execution_count":null,"outputs":[{"output_type":"stream","text":["[==================================================] 100.0% 104.8/104.8MB downloaded\n","Glove Model Saved\n"],"name":"stdout"}]},{"cell_type":"code","metadata":{"id":"jG_n4tCfp-u0","colab":{"base_uri":"https://localhost:8080/"},"executionInfo":{"status":"ok","timestamp":1618812405269,"user_tz":-330,"elapsed":36399,"user":{"displayName":"SATYAM SONI","photoUrl":"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/a-/AOh14GhG4rcPYa7hnDqGvLTYPIBiXe9m-k4IPTmu9dWD=s64","userId":"06127152709350492896"}},"outputId":"f5a4a0b9-e0e9-41fb-d551-c59328c21bb0"},"source":["sent_embeddings = []\n","for sent in cleaned_sentences:\n","  sent_embeddings.append(getPhraseEmbedding(sent, glove_model))\n","\n","question_embedding = getPhraseEmbedding(question, glove_model)\n","retrieveAndPrintFAQAnswer(question_embedding, sent_embeddings, cleaned_sentences_with_stopwords)"],"execution_count":null,"outputs":[{"output_type":"stream","text":["0 0.9022455392443606 life insurance is a legally enforceable contract between two parties both of whom are legally qualified to contract\n","1 0.9084665468647729 it is therefore necessary that the terms and conditions of the agreement must be suitably documented in a manner that would make it clear that both parties to the contract are ad idem ie of the same mind\n","2 0.9324847200286663 adidem means that both the parties understand the same thing in the same sense or are of the same mind on the same subject\n","3 0.8267337040436452 there must be consensus or adidem between the parties to the contract\n","4 0.8828094588463636 this is possible provided all the terms and conditions rights and duties  privileges and obligations are properly documented in terms which can be clearly interpreted in a court of law\n","5 0.849249967948168 between two human beings sometime silence means an acceptance\n","6 0.9104672345379424 but as the insurer is a legal personality entitled to contract verbal discussion between parties to the contract is not possible and hence there is a need for documentation\n","7 0.9147964941983178 insurance is also a contract of utmost good faith and enforced only in the distant future\n","8 0.9061770272571936 it is therefore necessary that the declarations made by both the parties should be put in black and white for future reference\n","9 0.8395580853493273 any suppression willful and material shall make the contract void\n","10 0.8843387840668387 the insured therefore has a duty to declare all that he knows about himself his health his financial status in answering questions contained in the proposal form and other ancillary documents which may be required by the insurer\n","11 0.9004495277937694 age is an important factor in deciding the quantum of premium against a policy\n","12 0.8932338695606038 the document proving the age ie\n","13 0.7725263927385598 age proof must be reliable and the insured has to undertake as to its truthfulness\n","14 0.7681748570066177 nonstandard age proofs are those which are comparatively less reliable and therefore the insurer accepts them with a pinch of salt\n","15 0.9248893315101333 in other words the insurer takes certain precautions before accepting such age proofs as final\n","16 0.9421956014459625 proof of income is the document may become necessary whenever the sum proposed is very high\n","17 0.9441899232418016 normally a sum proposed which is seven to eight times of the declared income is acceptable for insurance\n","18 0.9007105795308104 but proposals do come to the insurer when the known source of income of the proposer is much less compared to the amount of insurance desired\n","19 0.9143207710243403 a service holder normally does not face this problem as his sources of income are verifiable\n","20 0.9008466225262394 in case of business people the assessed income is at times much less compared to what is a desirable income for the amount of insurance desired\n","21 0.8092127311131251 in such cases the insurer at times calls for assessed income tax returns or chartered accountants certificate etc\n","22 0.8057990418214015 such precautions are necessary to eliminate the possibility of moral hazard\n","23 0.8522096304011062 policy contract is the policy document is a detailed document and it is the evidence of the insurance contract which mentions all the terms and conditions of the insurance\n","24 0.9426873712417958 the insured buys not the policy contract but the right to the sum of money and its future delivery\n","25 0.9259150814945288 the insurer on its part promises to pay a sum of money provided of course the insured keeps its part of promise of paying the installments of premium as scheduled\n","26 0.8836008582821001 the preamble to the insurance contract makes the above statement clear and states that this policy is issued subject to the conditions and privileges printed on the back of the policy\n","27 0.9151571807788004 the endorsements placed on the policy shall also be part of the policy and it also makes a reference to the proposal form saying that that the statements given in the proposal form are the basis of the contract\n","28 0.8245377837302872 the schedule which is printed on the policy document identifies the office which has issued the policy\n","29 0.9208077132071504 it states the name of the policyholder the date of commencement of the policy an identification number of the policy called policy number\n","30 0.8982330962092363 this number is extremely useful for making any reference to the insurer relating to this policy\n","31 0.8686435775813104 this shall avoid needless delay\n","32 0.877069418055137 beneficiarys name is also mentioned along with address\n","33 0.9256239426766913 it is necessary to check that it is correct and any mistake should be immediately pointed out for correction\n","34 0.9152025010507041 a mistake in the address may misdirect the premium notices and any other future correspondence\n","35 0.8868338822654243 it also states the name of the nominee and the date upto which premium has to be paid\n","36 0.9012766113569539 the schedule goes on to mention the type of policy on the happening of which the sum assured is payable and to whom it is payable\n","37 0.9129485436540382 it of course also mentions when and how long the premium is to be paid\n","38 0.8824144899039805 the policy document is signed by an official of the insurer and dated and stamped as per the provision of the stamp act to make it a completely legally enforceable document\n","39 0.8769598490342487 an assignment of a policy in favour of another person or institution can be effected by an endorsement on the policy\n","40 0.7412085795523657 reassignment can also be done by a subsequent endorsement on the same policyas a nomination is automatically cancelled due to an assignment after reassignment it is necessary to make a fresh nomination\n","41 0.7761197122880903 in duplicate policy a policy document is a valuable document and can be used for mortgage etc\n","42 0.7767058320280338 loss of policy document does not absolve the insurer from the liability of payment of policy proceeds when the claim arises\n","43 0.5810672301713385 the claim can be settled on the claimants furnishing an indemnity bond jointly with one surety\n","44 0.8922491350564098 if a policy is irrevocably lost a duplicate policy can be issued after following a certain procedure like the insurer satisfies itself of the circumstances leading to loss and being so satisfied the insurer insists upon an advertisement in a news paper production of an indemnity bond and payment of policy preparation charges and there after a duplicate policy is issued\n","45 0.9478525945681125 generally nomination is made at the time of taking a policy\n","46 0.8659565169546031 in case it is not done it is possible to make nomination subsequently by an endorsement on the policy\n","47 0.8783397941394607 it is also possible to change a nomination subsequently by an endorsement\n","48 0.9271102973186657 after marriage such change in nomination is normally required\n","49 0.9240335051363804 life insurance being a legally enforceable contract needs to be documented with details of the rights and obligations of the parties to the contract\n","50 0.8386538171525662 proposal form duly filled in and signed by the proposer is the first document which forms the basis of the contract\n","51 0.8584707324884405 every time the insured pays the premium he receives a premium receipt\n","52 0.921420095184438 the premium needs to be paid in time non payment of premium leads to policylapses\n","53 0.8776972125267305 reinstatement of the cover is called revival of the policy\n","54 0.8998441419986819 if the policy is not revived the policy can become a paid up policy for a reduced sum assured under certain conditions\n","55 0.8370162302757055 the policy document mentions in detail all the rights and obligations of the policyholder\n","56 0.8571642758944589 the agent is advised to explain the various provisions of the policy to the policyholder\n","57 0.9054037326936167 the wordings in the policy document are of technical nature and hence the need for explaining\n","58 0.9125794746299012 if there are certain endorsements on the policy that need to be explained too\n","59 0.9590841764777914 it needs to be explained that the policy is a valuable document and needs to be kept in safe custody and in the knowledge of the close relatives\n"],"name":"stdout"},{"output_type":"execute_result","data":{"text/plain":["59"]},"metadata":{"tags":[]},"execution_count":28}]},{"cell_type":"code","metadata":{"id":"zqEloJSWqN54","colab":{"base_uri":"https://localhost:8080/"},"executionInfo":{"status":"ok","timestamp":1618812406044,"user_tz":-330,"elapsed":36567,"user":{"displayName":"SATYAM SONI","photoUrl":"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/a-/AOh14GhG4rcPYa7hnDqGvLTYPIBiXe9m-k4IPTmu9dWD=s64","userId":"06127152709350492896"}},"outputId":"c6ecbfa0-8a41-4a90-9a06-d67d83bdd425"},"source":["print(\"Question: \", question)\n","print(\"Answer: \", cleaned_sentences_with_stopwords[index])"],"execution_count":null,"outputs":[{"output_type":"stream","text":["Question:  when can a duplicate policy be issued\n","Answer:  if a policy is irrevocably lost a duplicate policy can be issued after following a certain procedure like the insurer satisfies itself of the circumstances leading to loss and being so satisfied the insurer insists upon an advertisement in a news paper production of an indemnity bond and payment of policy preparation charges and there after a duplicate policy is issued\n"],"name":"stdout"}]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{"id":"iq88nISeI3b1"},"source":["**==============================================================================================================**"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{"id":"Z2Q3VLtFekRr"},"source":["**Question Answering with a Fine-Tuned BERT**\n","\n","Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers\n","\n","Instead of looking at words in isolation, BERT, a transformer based model attempts to use the context of words to get embeddings. BERT uses several concepts of deep learning come up with a model that looks at context in a bidirectional fashion, leveraging information from the entire sentences as a whole through self-attention. \n","\n","Example: Suppose Question is \"How I can cross a road when their is no zebra crossing.\" and this question very similar to query \"How I can cross road on zebra crossing.\" and thier is a chance that above two method give wrong answers but could handle that question. And we don't remove stoping words in the document because if it remove word like in above example \"no\" meaning of whole sentance become change. Bert uses stoping words to make relations between words.\n","\n","*What is Model Fine-Tuning?*\n","\n","BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers) is a big neural network architecture, with a huge number of parameters, that can range from 100 million to over 300 million. So, training a BERT model from scratch on a small dataset would result in overfitting.\n","\n","So, it is better to use a pre-trained BERT model that was trained on a huge dataset, as a starting point. We can then further train the model on our relatively smaller dataset and this process is known as model fine-tuning."]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{"id":"8x8J4yVMcvre"},"source":["*   Installing the Hugging Face library\n","\n"]},{"cell_type":"code","metadata":{"id":"zxzE0UdoxLqh","colab":{"base_uri":"https://localhost:8080/"},"executionInfo":{"status":"ok","timestamp":1619377001290,"user_tz":-330,"elapsed":5833,"user":{"displayName":"SATYAM SONI","photoUrl":"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/a-/AOh14GhG4rcPYa7hnDqGvLTYPIBiXe9m-k4IPTmu9dWD=s64","userId":"06127152709350492896"}},"outputId":"967d2e66-fe38-4dc5-81b7-e9fec88fc7c9"},"source":["!pip install transformers==3.1.0"],"execution_count":null,"outputs":[{"output_type":"stream","text":["Collecting transformers==3.1.0\n","\u001b[?25l  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/ae/05/c8c55b600308dc04e95100dc8ad8a244dd800fe75dfafcf1d6348c6f6209/transformers-3.1.0-py3-none-any.whl (884kB)\n","\r\u001b[K     |▍           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sacremoses->transformers==3.1.0) (7.1.2)\n","Requirement already satisfied: joblib in /usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages (from sacremoses->transformers==3.1.0) (1.0.1)\n","Requirement already satisfied: six in /usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages (from sacremoses->transformers==3.1.0) (1.15.0)\n","Installing collected packages: tokenizers, sentencepiece, sacremoses, transformers\n","Successfully installed sacremoses-0.0.45 sentencepiece-0.1.95 tokenizers-0.8.1rc2 transformers-3.1.0\n"],"name":"stdout"}]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{"id":"PXE1zGA6c5Me"},"source":["\n","\n","*   Load Fine-Tuned BERT-large\n","\n","\n"]},{"cell_type":"code","metadata":{"id":"UhG8xVoWkgj7","colab":{"base_uri":"https://localhost:8080/","height":114,"referenced_widgets":["ba06d45861674a399e99f78b1c0443eb","8bc89f9a65ef4d0386a399babd74c249","243a2daa5484491bae785f728acd08ab","509a7a50fb31487594e80cc352c5ad8f","6121cb0c0d524bc09f3ae1a6e14cbf94","699b9274bd6449eb8c6b20fc7e46e9b4","4d44d5ea36764cc5a0d3c470bd259ccf","1811d575c82c4e9290d42ebddfbf877f","dc11390a4e0244768e527281626ad094","e922ef22da7a413b821fadcaf2fd91e3","baf1dc335d584735b1db8a426ed41dd4","f253cab3de9845ada012fc4a6fd8106e","a2ae1d3fcd9b41d691eb8f3c68a3a08c","f4573ba87c0140e08e275c4b3da79093","d506c57b95d44d5683ec14449dd210da","be0ef84c8b6d4b6fa9da10b6b61d4be5"]},"executionInfo":{"status":"ok","timestamp":1619377049360,"user_tz":-330,"elapsed":48067,"user":{"displayName":"SATYAM SONI","photoUrl":"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/a-/AOh14GhG4rcPYa7hnDqGvLTYPIBiXe9m-k4IPTmu9dWD=s64","userId":"06127152709350492896"}},"outputId":"8b115d62-ef4f-4e29-a035-18d8cd086ee2"},"source":["import torch\n","from transformers import BertForQuestionAnswering\n","model = BertForQuestionAnswering.from_pretrained('bert-large-uncased-whole-word-masking-finetuned-squad')"],"execution_count":null,"outputs":[{"output_type":"display_data","data":{"application/vnd.jupyter.widget-view+json":{"model_id":"ba06d45861674a399e99f78b1c0443eb","version_minor":0,"version_major":2},"text/plain":["HBox(children=(FloatProgress(value=0.0, description='Downloading', max=443.0, style=ProgressStyle(description_…"]},"metadata":{"tags":[]}},{"output_type":"stream","text":["\n"],"name":"stdout"},{"output_type":"display_data","data":{"application/vnd.jupyter.widget-view+json":{"model_id":"dc11390a4e0244768e527281626ad094","version_minor":0,"version_major":2},"text/plain":["HBox(children=(FloatProgress(value=0.0, description='Downloading', max=1340675298.0, style=ProgressStyle(descr…"]},"metadata":{"tags":[]}},{"output_type":"stream","text":["\n"],"name":"stdout"}]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{"id":"vHa9NWSDdg65"},"source":["\n","\n","*   Load the tokenizer\n","\n"]},{"cell_type":"code","metadata":{"id":"8dI5ZdI5nKNW","colab":{"base_uri":"https://localhost:8080/","height":66,"referenced_widgets":["433a1f249b424c3fa836f5757c05c5c9","fac7adbebc174599abe524a057b61731","d28eaa4b1f5d4af8bca73cfa9af44de9","e96a0970f4234be483d7ca78a470ac97","c25478599f7a452fa9859cbb07f0a344","77aef34f21254c8c9243845d2e091043","55f10e176f0f4680abdb62a7bc0d7b37","f76b0a3a3b104075848c6987a99cfc29"]},"executionInfo":{"status":"ok","timestamp":1619377051643,"user_tz":-330,"elapsed":2279,"user":{"displayName":"SATYAM SONI","photoUrl":"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/a-/AOh14GhG4rcPYa7hnDqGvLTYPIBiXe9m-k4IPTmu9dWD=s64","userId":"06127152709350492896"}},"outputId":"d2056cc8-ea2e-4d86-9563-ae39887e925d"},"source":["from transformers import BertTokenizer\n","tokenizer = BertTokenizer.from_pretrained('bert-large-uncased-whole-word-masking-finetuned-squad')"],"execution_count":null,"outputs":[{"output_type":"display_data","data":{"application/vnd.jupyter.widget-view+json":{"model_id":"433a1f249b424c3fa836f5757c05c5c9","version_minor":0,"version_major":2},"text/plain":["HBox(children=(FloatProgress(value=0.0, description='Downloading', max=231508.0, style=ProgressStyle(descripti…"]},"metadata":{"tags":[]}},{"output_type":"stream","text":["\n"],"name":"stdout"}]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{"id":"wGQK6dQQo_hP"},"source":["answer text contains the pdf content"]},{"cell_type":"code","metadata":{"id":"MSeWN1xlmQY7"},"source":["answer_text = \"\"\"The ability of the machine to infer knowledge from\n","the user documents can be tested based on its ability to answer\n","the question asked. Conventional Artificial Neural Network\n","(ANN) models for knowledge extraction only answer to the\n","questions which are simple and objective as they don't analyze\n","the questions and don't try to understand what really the content\n","of document mean. The proposed question answering system\n","(QAS) uses deep cases along with ANN to understand the\n","contents of the documents. We divide the sentences of natural\n","language into knowledge units and assign deep case to each word\n","to improve the quality of knowledge extraction.\"\"\"\n","\n","question = \"How to improve the quality of knowledge extraction?\""],"execution_count":null,"outputs":[]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{"id":"5q456FIHpOAj"},"source":["Apply the tokenizer to the input text, treating them as a text-pair."]},{"cell_type":"code","metadata":{"colab":{"base_uri":"https://localhost:8080/"},"id":"Ucb7QX6SmVM3","executionInfo":{"status":"ok","timestamp":1619377076357,"user_tz":-330,"elapsed":1013,"user":{"displayName":"SATYAM SONI","photoUrl":"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/a-/AOh14GhG4rcPYa7hnDqGvLTYPIBiXe9m-k4IPTmu9dWD=s64","userId":"06127152709350492896"}},"outputId":"461f8cbc-0fdf-4d48-ff52-2e4bf277ddba"},"source":["input_ids = tokenizer.encode(question, answer_text, max_length=512, truncation=True)\n","print('The input has a total of {:} tokens.'.format(len(input_ids)))\n"],"execution_count":null,"outputs":[{"output_type":"stream","text":["The input has a total of 130 tokens.\n"],"name":"stdout"}]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{"id":"WFtmjKWopXqJ"},"source":["Just to see exactly what the tokenizer is doing, let's print out the tokens with their IDs."]},{"cell_type":"code","metadata":{"colab":{"base_uri":"https://localhost:8080/"},"id":"rWTP6aH-pWdR","executionInfo":{"status":"ok","timestamp":1619377077219,"user_tz":-330,"elapsed":925,"user":{"displayName":"SATYAM SONI","photoUrl":"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/a-/AOh14GhG4rcPYa7hnDqGvLTYPIBiXe9m-k4IPTmu9dWD=s64","userId":"06127152709350492896"}},"outputId":"0838e338-426c-4a44-924f-76b513579204"},"source":["tokens = tokenizer.convert_ids_to_tokens(input_ids)\n","for token, id in zip(tokens, input_ids):\n","    if id == tokenizer.sep_token_id:\n","        print('')\n","    print('{:<12} {:>6,}'.format(token, id))\n","\n","    if id == tokenizer.sep_token_id:\n","        print('')"],"execution_count":null,"outputs":[{"output_type":"stream","text":["[CLS]           101\n","how           2,129\n","to            2,000\n","improve       5,335\n","the           1,996\n","quality       3,737\n","of            1,997\n","knowledge     3,716\n","extraction   14,676\n","?             1,029\n","\n","[SEP]           102\n","\n","the           1,996\n","ability       3,754\n","of            1,997\n","the           1,996\n","machine       3,698\n","to            2,000\n","in            1,999\n","##fer         7,512\n","knowledge     3,716\n","from          2,013\n","the           1,996\n","user          5,310\n","documents     5,491\n","can           2,064\n","be            2,022\n","tested        7,718\n","based         2,241\n","on            2,006\n","its           2,049\n","ability       3,754\n","to            2,000\n","answer        3,437\n","the           1,996\n","question      3,160\n","asked         2,356\n",".             1,012\n","conventional  7,511\n","artificial    7,976\n","neural       15,756\n","network       2,897\n","(             1,006\n","ann           5,754\n",")             1,007\n","models        4,275\n","for           2,005\n","knowledge     3,716\n","extraction   14,676\n","only          2,069\n","answer        3,437\n","to            2,000\n","the           1,996\n","questions     3,980\n","which         2,029\n","are           2,024\n","simple        3,722\n","and           1,998\n","objective     7,863\n","as            2,004\n","they          2,027\n","don           2,123\n","'             1,005\n","t             1,056\n","analyze      17,908\n","the           1,996\n","questions     3,980\n","and           1,998\n","don           2,123\n","'             1,005\n","t             1,056\n","try           3,046\n","to            2,000\n","understand    3,305\n","what          2,054\n","really        2,428\n","the           1,996\n","content       4,180\n","of            1,997\n","document      6,254\n","mean          2,812\n",".             1,012\n","the           1,996\n","proposed      3,818\n","question      3,160\n","answering    10,739\n","system        2,291\n","(             1,006\n","q             1,053\n","##as          3,022\n",")             1,007\n","uses          3,594\n","deep          2,784\n","cases         3,572\n","along         2,247\n","with          2,007\n","ann           5,754\n","to            2,000\n","understand    3,305\n","the           1,996\n","contents      8,417\n","of            1,997\n","the           1,996\n","documents     5,491\n",".             1,012\n","we            2,057\n","divide       11,443\n","the           1,996\n","sentences    11,746\n","of            1,997\n","natural       3,019\n","language      2,653\n","into          2,046\n","knowledge     3,716\n","units         3,197\n","and           1,998\n","assign       23,911\n","deep          2,784\n","case          2,553\n","to            2,000\n","each          2,169\n","word          2,773\n","to            2,000\n","improve       5,335\n","the           1,996\n","quality       3,737\n","of            1,997\n","knowledge     3,716\n","extraction   14,676\n",".             1,012\n","\n","[SEP]           102\n","\n"],"name":"stdout"}]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{"id":"ZhoCRFGaz1r2"},"source":["We can concatenated the question and answer_text together, but BERT still needs a a way to distinguish them. BERT has two special \"Segment\" embeddings, one for segment \"A\" and one for segment \"B\". Before the word embeddings go into the BERT layers, the segment A embedding needs to be added to the question tokens, and the segment B embedding needs to be added to each of the answer_text tokens.\n","These handled by the transformer library and all we need to do is specify '0' and '1' for the token."]},{"cell_type":"code","metadata":{"id":"B2pP5RKJnhrh"},"source":["sep_index = input_ids.index(tokenizer.sep_token_id)\n","num_seg_a = sep_index + 1\n","num_seg_b = len(input_ids) - num_seg_a\n","#Here We Construct the list of 0s and 1s.\n","segment_ids = [0]*num_seg_a + [1]*num_seg_b\n","# There should be a segment_id for every input token.\n","assert len(segment_ids) == len(input_ids)"],"execution_count":null,"outputs":[]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{"id":"G5g9zFJj0uUf"},"source":["Here we feed answer_text and question into model"]},{"cell_type":"code","metadata":{"id":"nEMjrVDtnzA4"},"source":["start_scores, end_scores = model(torch.tensor([input_ids]), token_type_ids=torch.tensor([segment_ids]))"],"execution_count":null,"outputs":[]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{"id":"u9H15L_L0_i1"},"source":["Here we find the highest 'start' and 'end' scores and the combine the tokens in the answer and print the answer"]},{"cell_type":"code","metadata":{"colab":{"base_uri":"https://localhost:8080/"},"id":"IgARs8vxoEKv","executionInfo":{"status":"ok","timestamp":1619377089387,"user_tz":-330,"elapsed":817,"user":{"displayName":"SATYAM SONI","photoUrl":"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/a-/AOh14GhG4rcPYa7hnDqGvLTYPIBiXe9m-k4IPTmu9dWD=s64","userId":"06127152709350492896"}},"outputId":"ce9671ea-9bfb-4844-f26d-db64ec759756"},"source":["answer_start = torch.argmax(start_scores)\n","answer_end = torch.argmax(end_scores)\n","\n","answer = ' '.join(tokens[answer_start:answer_end+1])\n","\n","print('Answer: \"' + answer + '\"')"],"execution_count":null,"outputs":[{"output_type":"stream","text":["Answer: \"divide the sentences of natural language into knowledge units and assign deep case to each word\"\n"],"name":"stdout"}]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{"id":"lo9yBXT91bhO"},"source":["We can reconstruct any words that got broken down into subwords."]},{"cell_type":"code","metadata":{"colab":{"base_uri":"https://localhost:8080/"},"id":"IbMm6qwdoKR4","executionInfo":{"status":"ok","timestamp":1619377093054,"user_tz":-330,"elapsed":994,"user":{"displayName":"SATYAM SONI","photoUrl":"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/a-/AOh14GhG4rcPYa7hnDqGvLTYPIBiXe9m-k4IPTmu9dWD=s64","userId":"06127152709350492896"}},"outputId":"9dd9fe56-75ce-434b-dd31-4bd7266e24fc"},"source":["answer = tokens[answer_start]\n","answer = tokens[answer_start]\n","\n","# Select the remaining answer tokens and join them with whitespace.\n","for i in range(answer_start + 1, answer_end + 1):\n","  # If it's a subword token, then recombine it with the previous token.\n","    if tokens[i][0:2] == '##':\n","        answer += tokens[i][2:]\n","        # Otherwise, add a space then the token.\n","    else:\n","        answer += ' ' + tokens[i]\n","print('Answer: \"' + answer + '\"')"],"execution_count":null,"outputs":[{"output_type":"stream","text":["Answer: \"divide the sentences of natural language into knowledge units and assign deep case to each word\"\n"],"name":"stdout"}]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{"id":"UPv6sdUX1y12"},"source":["Here we make a function of overall code"]},{"cell_type":"code","metadata":{"id":"M9wJxsvOmOPs"},"source":["def answer_question(question, answer_text):\n","\n","    input_ids = tokenizer.encode(question, answer_text, max_length=512, truncation=True)\n","\n","    print('Query has {:,} tokens.\\n'.format(len(input_ids)))\n","\n","    sep_index = input_ids.index(tokenizer.sep_token_id)\n","\n","    num_seg_a = sep_index + 1\n","\n","    num_seg_b = len(input_ids) - num_seg_a\n","\n","    segment_ids = [0]*num_seg_a + [1]*num_seg_b\n","\n","    assert len(segment_ids) == len(input_ids)\n","\n","    start_scores, end_scores = model(torch.tensor([input_ids]), token_type_ids=torch.tensor([segment_ids]))\n","\n","    all_tokens = tokenizer.convert_ids_to_tokens(input_ids)\n","\n","    #print(' '.join(all_tokens[torch.argmax(start_scores) : torch.argmax(end_scores)+1]))\n","    #print(f'score: {torch.max(start_scores)}')\n","    score = float(torch.max(start_scores))\n","    answer_start = torch.argmax(start_scores)\n","    answer_end = torch.argmax(end_scores)\n","    tokens = tokenizer.convert_ids_to_tokens(input_ids)\n","    answer = tokens[answer_start]\n","\n","    for i in range(answer_start + 1, answer_end + 1):\n","\n","        if tokens[i][0:2] == ' ':\n","            answer += tokens[i][2:]\n","\n","        else:\n","            answer += ' ' + tokens[i]\n","    return answer, score\n","    #print('Answer: \"' + answer + '\"')"],"execution_count":null,"outputs":[]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{"id":"7wEndL4b1_tG"},"source":["Here lets call the function and pass question as 1st parameter and content as 2nd parameter and we get the final answer"]},{"cell_type":"code","metadata":{"colab":{"base_uri":"https://localhost:8080/"},"id":"IpufAP8ql_wq","executionInfo":{"status":"ok","timestamp":1619377101197,"user_tz":-330,"elapsed":2493,"user":{"displayName":"SATYAM SONI","photoUrl":"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/a-/AOh14GhG4rcPYa7hnDqGvLTYPIBiXe9m-k4IPTmu9dWD=s64","userId":"06127152709350492896"}},"outputId":"91f8493d-a6c7-494b-b0af-ab73baa2bf93"},"source":["answer_question(question, answer_text)"],"execution_count":null,"outputs":[{"output_type":"stream","text":["Query has 130 tokens.\n","\n"],"name":"stdout"},{"output_type":"execute_result","data":{"text/plain":["('divide the sentences of natural language into knowledge units and assign deep case to each word',\n"," 6.490677356719971)"]},"metadata":{"tags":[]},"execution_count":27}]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{"id":"afBcZWEiDqr2"},"source":["Limitation of Bert that it process only upto 512 tokens So we can implement new method to make it for whole document.\n"]},{"cell_type":"code","metadata":{"colab":{"base_uri":"https://localhost:8080/","height":137},"id":"KaHhXnlXmcKP","executionInfo":{"status":"ok","timestamp":1619377101210,"user_tz":-330,"elapsed":1186,"user":{"displayName":"SATYAM SONI","photoUrl":"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/a-/AOh14GhG4rcPYa7hnDqGvLTYPIBiXe9m-k4IPTmu9dWD=s64","userId":"06127152709350492896"}},"outputId":"ee505461-f2f8-4fba-a8d6-72e78dffd7d8"},"source":["pdf_txt"],"execution_count":null,"outputs":[{"output_type":"execute_result","data":{"application/vnd.google.colaboratory.intrinsic+json":{"type":"string"},"text/plain":["'Life insurance is a legally enforceable contract between two parties both of whom are legally qualified to contract. It is therefore, necessary that the terms and conditions of the agreement must be suitably documented in a manner that would make it clear that both parties to the contract are Ad- idem i.e., of the same mind. Ad-Idem means that both the parties understand the same thing in the same sense or are of the same mind on the same subject. There must be consensus or Ad-Idem between the parties to the contract.\\nThis is possible provided all the terms and conditions, rights and duties - privileges and obligations are properly documented in terms which can be clearly interpreted in a court of law. Between two human beings sometime silence means an acceptance. But as the insurer is a legal personality entitled to contract verbal discussion between parties to the contract is not possible and hence there is a need for documentation.\\nInsurance is also a contract of utmost good faith and enforced only in the distant future. It is therefore necessary that the declarations made by both the parties should be put in black and white for future reference. Any suppression, willful and material shall make the contract void. The insured, therefore, has a duty to declare all that he knows about himself, his health, his financial status in answering questions contained in the proposal form and other ancillary documents which may be required by the insurer.\\nAge is an important factor in deciding the quantum of premium against a policy. The document proving the age, i.e. age proof must be reliable and the insured has to undertake as to its truthfulness.\\nNon-standard age proofs are those which are comparatively less reliable and therefore the insurer accepts them with a pinch of salt. In other words the insurer takes certain precautions before accepting such age proofs as final.\\nProof of income is the document may become necessary whenever the sum proposed is very high. Normally a sum proposed which is seven to eight times of the declared income is acceptable for insurance. But proposals do come to the insurer when the known source of income of the proposer is much less compared to the amount of insurance desired. A service holder normally does not face this problem as his sources of income are verifiable.\\nIn case of business people, the assessed income is at times much less compared to what is a desirable income for the amount of insurance desired. In such cases the insurer at times calls for assessed income tax returns, or Chartered Accountant’s certificate etc. Such precautions are necessary to eliminate the possibility of moral hazard.\\nPolicy Contract is the policy document is a detailed document and it is the Evidence of the insurance contract which mentions all the terms and conditions of the insurance. The insured buys not the policy contract, but the right to the sum of money and its future delivery. The insurer on its part promises to pay a sum of money, provided of course the insured keeps its part of promise of paying the installments of premium as scheduled.\\nThe pre-amble to the insurance contract makes the above statement clear and states that this policy is issued subject to the conditions and privileges printed on the back of the policy. The endorsements placed on the policy shall also be part of the policy and it also makes a reference to the proposal form saying that that the statements given in the proposal form are the basis of the contract.\\nThe schedule which is printed on the policy document identifies the office which has issued the policy. It states the name of the policyholder, the date of commencement of the policy, an identification number of the policy called policy number. This number is extremely useful for making any reference to the insurer relating to this policy. This shall avoid needless delay.\\nBeneficiary’s name is also mentioned along with address.\\nIt is necessary to check that it is correct and any mistake should be immediately pointed out for correction. A mistake in the address may misdirect the premium notices and any other future correspondence. It also states the name of the nominee and the date upto which premium has to be paid. The schedule goes on to mention, the type of policy, on the happening of which, the sum assured is payable and to whom it is payable. It of course also mentions when and how long the premium is to be paid.\\nThe policy document is signed by an official of the insurer and dated and stamped as per the provision of the Stamp Act to make it a completely legally enforceable document.\\nAn assignment of a policy in favour of another person or institution can be effected by an endorsement on the policy. Re-assignment can also be done by a subsequent endorsement on the same policy.As a nomination is automatically cancelled due to an assignment, after re-assignment, it is necessary to make a fresh nomination.\\nIn Duplicate policy a policy document is a valuable document and can be used for mortgage etc. Loss of policy document does not absolve the insurer from the liability of payment of policy proceeds when the claim arises. The claim can be settled on the claimants, furnishing an indemnity bond jointly with one surety.\\nIf a policy is irrevocably lost, a duplicate policy can be issued, after following a certain procedure like the insurer satisfies itself of the circumstances leading to loss and being so satisfied the insurer insists upon an advertisement in a news paper, production of an indemnity bond and payment of policy preparation charges and there after a duplicate policy is issued.\\nGenerally nomination is made at the time of taking a policy. In case it is not done, it is possible to make nomination subsequently by an endorsement on the policy. It is also possible to change a nomination subsequently by an endorsement. After marriage, such change in nomination is normally required.\\nLife insurance being a legally enforceable contract, needs to be documented with details of the rights and obligations of the parties to the contract. Proposal form duly filled in and signed by the proposer is the first document which forms the basis of the contract.\\nEvery time, the insured pays the premium, he receives a premium receipt. The premium needs to be paid in time, non- payment of premium leads to policy-lapses. Re-instatement of the cover is called revival of the policy.\\nIf the policy is not revived, the policy can become a paid up policy for a reduced sum assured under certain conditions.\\nThe policy document mentions in detail all the rights and obligations of the policyholder. The agent is advised to explain the various provisions of the policy to the policyholder.\\nThe wordings in the policy document are of technical nature and hence the need for explaining. If there are certain endorsements on the policy, that need to be explained too.\\nIt needs to be explained that the policy is a valuable document and needs to be kept in safe custody and in the knowledge of the close relatives.\\n'"]},"metadata":{"tags":[]},"execution_count":28}]},{"cell_type":"code","metadata":{"colab":{"base_uri":"https://localhost:8080/","height":35},"id":"7fcbVFo2qsFb","executionInfo":{"status":"ok","timestamp":1619377103013,"user_tz":-330,"elapsed":850,"user":{"displayName":"SATYAM SONI","photoUrl":"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/a-/AOh14GhG4rcPYa7hnDqGvLTYPIBiXe9m-k4IPTmu9dWD=s64","userId":"06127152709350492896"}},"outputId":"c09a7c3e-3728-497a-9f0f-75ee501bd303"},"source":["user_question"],"execution_count":null,"outputs":[{"output_type":"execute_result","data":{"application/vnd.google.colaboratory.intrinsic+json":{"type":"string"},"text/plain":["'When can a duplicate policy be issued?'"]},"metadata":{"tags":[]},"execution_count":29}]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{"id":"XgqZ_TYJExvZ"},"source":["\n","We need to split the sentences according to tokens i.e, we can split upto 512 tokens after that we need to add some special token like [SEP], [CLS].\n","\n","Tokenization: Tokenization is the process of converting a string of text into a list of tokens (individual words/punctuation) and/or token IDs (integers that map a word to a vector representation of that word in an embedding array).\n","\n","\n","\n","*   Here we are using the tokenizers encode_plus method to create our tokens from the text string\n","*   add_special_tokens=True adds special BERT tokens like [CLS], [SEP], and [PAD] to our new ‘tokenized’ encodings\n","*   max_length=512 tells the encoder the target length of our encodings\n","*   truncation=True ensures we cut any sequences that are longer than the\n","specified max_length .\n","*   padding=\"max_length\" tells the encoder to pad any sequences that are shorter\n","than the max_length with padding tokens.\n","\n"]},{"cell_type":"code","metadata":{"colab":{"base_uri":"https://localhost:8080/"},"id":"LC2Rq3iCrGqi","executionInfo":{"status":"ok","timestamp":1619377104973,"user_tz":-330,"elapsed":855,"user":{"displayName":"SATYAM SONI","photoUrl":"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/a-/AOh14GhG4rcPYa7hnDqGvLTYPIBiXe9m-k4IPTmu9dWD=s64","userId":"06127152709350492896"}},"outputId":"189d428f-513f-4d97-afe8-5a88e13318ac"},"source":["tokens = tokenizer.encode_plus(user_question, pdf_txt, add_special_tokens=True, max_length=512, truncation=True, padding=\"max_length\")\n","tokens"],"execution_count":null,"outputs":[{"output_type":"execute_result","data":{"text/plain":["{'input_ids': [101, 2043, 2064, 1037, 24473, 3343, 2022, 3843, 1029, 102, 2166, 5427, 2003, 1037, 10142, 16306, 3085, 3206, 2090, 2048, 4243, 2119, 1997, 3183, 2024, 10142, 4591, 2000, 3206, 1012, 2009, 2003, 3568, 1010, 4072, 2008, 1996, 3408, 1998, 3785, 1997, 1996, 3820, 2442, 2022, 4848, 8231, 8832, 1999, 1037, 5450, 2008, 2052, 2191, 2009, 3154, 2008, 2119, 4243, 2000, 1996, 3206, 2024, 4748, 1011, 8909, 6633, 1045, 1012, 1041, 1012, 1010, 1997, 1996, 2168, 2568, 1012, 4748, 1011, 8909, 6633, 2965, 2008, 2119, 1996, 4243, 3305, 1996, 2168, 2518, 1999, 1996, 2168, 3168, 2030, 2024, 1997, 1996, 2168, 2568, 2006, 1996, 2168, 3395, 1012, 2045, 2442, 2022, 10465, 2030, 4748, 1011, 8909, 6633, 2090, 1996, 4243, 2000, 1996, 3206, 1012, 2023, 2003, 2825, 3024, 2035, 1996, 3408, 1998, 3785, 1010, 2916, 1998, 5704, 1011, 14310, 1998, 14422, 2024, 7919, 8832, 1999, 3408, 2029, 2064, 2022, 4415, 10009, 1999, 1037, 2457, 1997, 2375, 1012, 2090, 2048, 2529, 9552, 8811, 4223, 2965, 2019, 9920, 1012, 2021, 2004, 1996, 16021, 27595, 2003, 1037, 3423, 6180, 4709, 2000, 3206, 12064, 6594, 2090, 4243, 2000, 1996, 3206, 2003, 2025, 2825, 1998, 6516, 2045, 2003, 1037, 2342, 2005, 12653, 1012, 5427, 2003, 2036, 1037, 3206, 1997, 27917, 2204, 4752, 1998, 16348, 2069, 1999, 1996, 6802, 2925, 1012, 2009, 2003, 3568, 4072, 2008, 1996, 8170, 2015, 2081, 2011, 2119, 1996, 4243, 2323, 2022, 2404, 1999, 2304, 1998, 2317, 2005, 2925, 4431, 1012, 2151, 16341, 1010, 2097, 3993, 1998, 3430, 4618, 2191, 1996, 3206, 11675, 1012, 1996, 16021, 12165, 1010, 3568, 1010, 2038, 1037, 4611, 2000, 13520, 2035, 2008, 2002, 4282, 2055, 2370, 1010, 2010, 2740, 1010, 2010, 3361, 3570, 1999, 10739, 3980, 4838, 1999, 1996, 6378, 2433, 1998, 2060, 2019, 6895, 24435, 5491, 2029, 2089, 2022, 3223, 2011, 1996, 16021, 27595, 1012, 2287, 2003, 2019, 2590, 5387, 1999, 10561, 1996, 8559, 1997, 12882, 2114, 1037, 3343, 1012, 1996, 6254, 13946, 1996, 2287, 1010, 1045, 1012, 1041, 1012, 2287, 6947, 2442, 2022, 10539, 1998, 1996, 16021, 12165, 2038, 2000, 16617, 2004, 2000, 2049, 3606, 20938, 1012, 2512, 1011, 3115, 2287, 6947, 2015, 2024, 2216, 2029, 2024, 20172, 2625, 10539, 1998, 3568, 1996, 16021, 27595, 13385, 2068, 2007, 1037, 18392, 1997, 5474, 1012, 1999, 2060, 2616, 1996, 16021, 27595, 3138, 3056, 29361, 2077, 10564, 2107, 2287, 6947, 2015, 2004, 2345, 1012, 6947, 1997, 3318, 2003, 1996, 6254, 2089, 2468, 4072, 7188, 1996, 7680, 3818, 2003, 2200, 2152, 1012, 5373, 1037, 7680, 3818, 2029, 2003, 2698, 2000, 2809, 2335, 1997, 1996, 4161, 3318, 2003, 11701, 2005, 5427, 1012, 2021, 10340, 2079, 2272, 2000, 1996, 16021, 27595, 2043, 1996, 2124, 3120, 1997, 3318, 1997, 1996, 16599, 2099, 2003, 2172, 2625, 4102, 2000, 1996, 3815, 1997, 5427, 9059, 1012, 1037, 2326, 9111, 5373, 2515, 2025, 2227, 2023, 3291, 2004, 2010, 4216, 1997, 3318, 2024, 2310, 3089, 22749, 3468, 1012, 1999, 2553, 1997, 2449, 2111, 1010, 1996, 14155, 3318, 2003, 2012, 2335, 2172, 2625, 4102, 2000, 2054, 2003, 1037, 16166, 3318, 2005, 1996, 3815, 1997, 5427, 9059, 1012, 1999, 2107, 3572, 1996, 16021, 27595, 2012, 2335, 4455, 2005, 14155, 3318, 4171, 5651, 1010, 102], 'token_type_ids': [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 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1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1], 'attention_mask': [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1]}"]},"metadata":{"tags":[]},"execution_count":30}]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{"id":"FaSlIbn5Fw8H"},"source":["It return a dictionary containing three key-value pairs, input_ids ,\n","token_type_ids , and attention_mask .\n","We have also added return_tensors='pt' to return PyTorch tensors from the\n","tokenizer (rather than Python lists)."]},{"cell_type":"code","metadata":{"colab":{"base_uri":"https://localhost:8080/"},"id":"1R9GkmnfrGic","executionInfo":{"status":"ok","timestamp":1619377108020,"user_tz":-330,"elapsed":986,"user":{"displayName":"SATYAM SONI","photoUrl":"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/a-/AOh14GhG4rcPYa7hnDqGvLTYPIBiXe9m-k4IPTmu9dWD=s64","userId":"06127152709350492896"}},"outputId":"8bec3227-5dc8-4e31-c068-ff088376f207"},"source":["tokens = tokenizer.encode_plus(pdf_txt, add_special_tokens=False, return_tensors='pt')\n","tokens"],"execution_count":null,"outputs":[{"output_type":"stream","text":["Token indices sequence length is longer than the specified maximum sequence length for this model (1395 > 512). Running this sequence through the model will result in indexing errors\n"],"name":"stderr"},{"output_type":"execute_result","data":{"text/plain":["{'input_ids': tensor([[2166, 5427, 2003,  ..., 2485, 9064, 1012]]), 'token_type_ids': tensor([[0, 0, 0,  ..., 0, 0, 0]]), 'attention_mask': tensor([[1, 1, 1,  ..., 1, 1, 1]])}"]},"metadata":{"tags":[]},"execution_count":31}]},{"cell_type":"code","metadata":{"colab":{"base_uri":"https://localhost:8080/"},"id":"3TdGAVuzrGTo","executionInfo":{"status":"ok","timestamp":1619377111535,"user_tz":-330,"elapsed":1235,"user":{"displayName":"SATYAM SONI","photoUrl":"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/a-/AOh14GhG4rcPYa7hnDqGvLTYPIBiXe9m-k4IPTmu9dWD=s64","userId":"06127152709350492896"}},"outputId":"4ff05e1a-4ede-4d66-f683-9ab6355e297b"},"source":["input_id_chunks = tokens['input_ids'][0].split(510)\n","mask_chunks = tokens['attention_mask'][0].split(510)\n","\n","for tensor in input_id_chunks:\n","  print(len(tensor))"],"execution_count":null,"outputs":[{"output_type":"stream","text":["510\n","510\n","375\n"],"name":"stdout"}]},{"cell_type":"code","metadata":{"colab":{"base_uri":"https://localhost:8080/"},"id":"soCew1RisiSi","executionInfo":{"status":"ok","timestamp":1619377113029,"user_tz":-330,"elapsed":1248,"user":{"displayName":"SATYAM SONI","photoUrl":"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/a-/AOh14GhG4rcPYa7hnDqGvLTYPIBiXe9m-k4IPTmu9dWD=s64","userId":"06127152709350492896"}},"outputId":"47cae276-3b63-485c-a5a5-f2624477e6a5"},"source":["a = torch.arange(10)\n","a"],"execution_count":null,"outputs":[{"output_type":"execute_result","data":{"text/plain":["tensor([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9])"]},"metadata":{"tags":[]},"execution_count":33}]},{"cell_type":"code","metadata":{"colab":{"base_uri":"https://localhost:8080/"},"id":"luAEdcXSwTFL","executionInfo":{"status":"ok","timestamp":1619377113691,"user_tz":-330,"elapsed":1353,"user":{"displayName":"SATYAM SONI","photoUrl":"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/a-/AOh14GhG4rcPYa7hnDqGvLTYPIBiXe9m-k4IPTmu9dWD=s64","userId":"06127152709350492896"}},"outputId":"2e57f54b-56da-4ccd-ff3d-a6158284c98a"},"source":["torch.cat(\n","    [torch.Tensor([101]), a, torch.Tensor([102])]\n",")"],"execution_count":null,"outputs":[{"output_type":"execute_result","data":{"text/plain":["tensor([101.,   0.,   1.,   2.,   3.,   4.,   5.,   6.,   7.,   8.,   9., 102.])"]},"metadata":{"tags":[]},"execution_count":34}]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{"id":"UYCd915SGD8u"},"source":["***Preparing The Chunks***\n","\n","Now we have our tokenized tensor; we need to break it into chunks of no more than 510 tokens. We choose 510 rather than 512 to leave two places spare to add our [CLS] and [SEP] tokens.\n","\n","***Split***\n","\n","\n","We apply the split method to both our input IDs and attention mask tensors (we\n","don’t need the token type IDs and can discard them). Now we have three chunks for each tensor set. Note that we will need to add padding to the final chunk as it will not satisfy the tensor size of 512 required by BERT.\n","\n","\n","***CLS and SEP***\n","\n","\n","Next, we add the start of sequence [CLS] and separator [SEP] tokens. For this, we can use the torch.cat function, which concatenates a list of tensors.\n","Our tokens are already in token ID format, so we can refer to the special tokens\n","table above to create the token ID versions of our [CLS] and [SEP] tokens.\n","Because we are doing this for multiple tensors, we place the torch.cat function into\n","a for-loop and perform the concatenation for each of our chunks individually.\n","Additionally, our attention mask chunks are concatenated with 1s rather than 101\n","and 102. We do this because the attention mask does not contain token IDs but\n","instead a set of 1s and 0s.\n","Zeros in the attention mask represent the location of padding tokens (which we will\n","add next), and as [CLS] and [SEP] are not padding tokens, they are represented\n","with 1s.\n","\n","***Padding***\n","\n","\n","We need to add padding to our tensor chunks to ensure they satisfy the 512 tensorlength required by BERT. Our first two chunks don’t require any padding as they already satisfy this length requirement, but the final chunks do.\n","To check if a chunk requires padding, we add an if-statement that checks the tensor length. If the tensor is shorter than 512 tokens, we add padding using the torch.cat function. We should add this statement to the same for-loop where we add our [CLS] and [SEP] tokens — if you need help with this, I’ve included the full scripts at the end of the article.\n"]},{"cell_type":"code","metadata":{"id":"998dSkVVtj7y","colab":{"base_uri":"https://localhost:8080/"},"executionInfo":{"status":"ok","timestamp":1619377116159,"user_tz":-330,"elapsed":896,"user":{"displayName":"SATYAM SONI","photoUrl":"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/a-/AOh14GhG4rcPYa7hnDqGvLTYPIBiXe9m-k4IPTmu9dWD=s64","userId":"06127152709350492896"}},"outputId":"87fe375b-7e1b-4caf-b0c9-c2c764e70fbf"},"source":["chunksize = 512\n","\n","input_id_chunks = list(tokens['input_ids'][0].split(chunksize - 2))\n","mask_chunks = list(tokens['attention_mask'][0].split(chunksize - 2))\n","\n","for i in range(len(input_id_chunks)):\n","    input_id_chunks[i] = torch.cat([\n","        torch.tensor([101]), input_id_chunks[i], torch.tensor([102])\n","    ])\n","    mask_chunks[i] = torch.cat([\n","        torch.tensor([1]), mask_chunks[i], torch.tensor([1])\n","    ])\n","\n","    pad_len = chunksize - input_id_chunks[i].shape[0]\n","    if pad_len > 0:\n","        input_id_chunks[i] = torch.cat([\n","            input_id_chunks[i], torch.Tensor([0] * pad_len)\n","        ])\n","        mask_chunks[i] = torch.cat([\n","            mask_chunks[i], torch.Tensor([0] * pad_len)\n","        ])\n","\n","for chunk in input_id_chunks:\n","    print(chunk)"],"execution_count":null,"outputs":[{"output_type":"stream","text":["tensor([  101,  2166,  5427,  2003,  1037, 10142, 16306,  3085,  3206,  2090,\n","         2048,  4243,  2119,  1997,  3183,  2024, 10142,  4591,  2000,  3206,\n","         1012,  2009,  2003,  3568,  1010,  4072,  2008,  1996,  3408,  1998,\n","         3785,  1997,  1996,  3820,  2442,  2022,  4848,  8231,  8832,  1999,\n","         1037,  5450,  2008,  2052,  2191,  2009,  3154,  2008,  2119,  4243,\n","         2000,  1996,  3206,  2024,  4748,  1011,  8909,  6633,  1045,  1012,\n","         1041,  1012,  1010,  1997,  1996,  2168,  2568,  1012,  4748,  1011,\n","         8909,  6633,  2965,  2008,  2119,  1996,  4243,  3305,  1996,  2168,\n","         2518,  1999,  1996,  2168,  3168,  2030,  2024,  1997,  1996,  2168,\n","         2568,  2006,  1996,  2168,  3395,  1012,  2045,  2442,  2022, 10465,\n","         2030,  4748,  1011,  8909,  6633,  2090,  1996,  4243,  2000,  1996,\n","         3206,  1012,  2023,  2003,  2825,  3024,  2035,  1996,  3408,  1998,\n","         3785,  1010,  2916,  1998,  5704,  1011, 14310,  1998, 14422,  2024,\n","         7919,  8832,  1999,  3408,  2029,  2064,  2022,  4415, 10009,  1999,\n","         1037,  2457,  1997,  2375,  1012,  2090,  2048,  2529,  9552,  8811,\n","         4223,  2965,  2019,  9920,  1012,  2021,  2004,  1996, 16021, 27595,\n","         2003,  1037,  3423,  6180,  4709,  2000,  3206, 12064,  6594,  2090,\n","         4243,  2000,  1996,  3206,  2003,  2025,  2825,  1998,  6516,  2045,\n","         2003,  1037,  2342,  2005, 12653,  1012,  5427,  2003,  2036,  1037,\n","         3206,  1997, 27917,  2204,  4752,  1998, 16348,  2069,  1999,  1996,\n","         6802,  2925,  1012,  2009,  2003,  3568,  4072,  2008,  1996,  8170,\n","         2015,  2081,  2011,  2119,  1996,  4243,  2323,  2022,  2404,  1999,\n","         2304,  1998,  2317,  2005,  2925,  4431,  1012,  2151, 16341,  1010,\n","         2097,  3993,  1998,  3430,  4618,  2191,  1996,  3206, 11675,  1012,\n","         1996, 16021, 12165,  1010,  3568,  1010,  2038,  1037,  4611,  2000,\n","        13520,  2035,  2008,  2002,  4282,  2055,  2370,  1010,  2010,  2740,\n","         1010,  2010,  3361,  3570,  1999, 10739,  3980,  4838,  1999,  1996,\n","         6378,  2433,  1998,  2060,  2019,  6895, 24435,  5491,  2029,  2089,\n","         2022,  3223,  2011,  1996, 16021, 27595,  1012,  2287,  2003,  2019,\n","         2590,  5387,  1999, 10561,  1996,  8559,  1997, 12882,  2114,  1037,\n","         3343,  1012,  1996,  6254, 13946,  1996,  2287,  1010,  1045,  1012,\n","         1041,  1012,  2287,  6947,  2442,  2022, 10539,  1998,  1996, 16021,\n","        12165,  2038,  2000, 16617,  2004,  2000,  2049,  3606, 20938,  1012,\n","         2512,  1011,  3115,  2287,  6947,  2015,  2024,  2216,  2029,  2024,\n","        20172,  2625, 10539,  1998,  3568,  1996, 16021, 27595, 13385,  2068,\n","         2007,  1037, 18392,  1997,  5474,  1012,  1999,  2060,  2616,  1996,\n","        16021, 27595,  3138,  3056, 29361,  2077, 10564,  2107,  2287,  6947,\n","         2015,  2004,  2345,  1012,  6947,  1997,  3318,  2003,  1996,  6254,\n","         2089,  2468,  4072,  7188,  1996,  7680,  3818,  2003,  2200,  2152,\n","         1012,  5373,  1037,  7680,  3818,  2029,  2003,  2698,  2000,  2809,\n","         2335,  1997,  1996,  4161,  3318,  2003, 11701,  2005,  5427,  1012,\n","         2021, 10340,  2079,  2272,  2000,  1996, 16021, 27595,  2043,  1996,\n","         2124,  3120,  1997,  3318,  1997,  1996, 16599,  2099,  2003,  2172,\n","         2625,  4102,  2000,  1996,  3815,  1997,  5427,  9059,  1012,  1037,\n","         2326,  9111,  5373,  2515,  2025,  2227,  2023,  3291,  2004,  2010,\n","         4216,  1997,  3318,  2024,  2310,  3089, 22749,  3468,  1012,  1999,\n","         2553,  1997,  2449,  2111,  1010,  1996, 14155,  3318,  2003,  2012,\n","         2335,  2172,  2625,  4102,  2000,  2054,  2003,  1037, 16166,  3318,\n","         2005,  1996,  3815,  1997,  5427,  9059,  1012,  1999,  2107,  3572,\n","         1996, 16021, 27595,  2012,  2335,  4455,  2005, 14155,  3318,  4171,\n","         5651,  1010,  2030, 12443, 17907,  1521,  1055,  8196,  4385,  1012,\n","         2107,   102])\n","tensor([  101, 29361,  2024,  4072,  2000, 11027,  1996,  6061,  1997,  7191,\n","        15559,  1012,  3343,  3206,  2003,  1996,  3343,  6254,  2003,  1037,\n","         6851,  6254,  1998,  2009,  2003,  1996,  3350,  1997,  1996,  5427,\n","         3206,  2029,  9704,  2035,  1996,  3408,  1998,  3785,  1997,  1996,\n","         5427,  1012,  1996, 16021, 12165, 23311,  2025,  1996,  3343,  3206,\n","         1010,  2021,  1996,  2157,  2000,  1996,  7680,  1997,  2769,  1998,\n","         2049,  2925,  6959,  1012,  1996, 16021, 27595,  2006,  2049,  2112,\n","        10659,  2000,  3477,  1037,  7680,  1997,  2769,  1010,  3024,  1997,\n","         2607,  1996, 16021, 12165,  7906,  2049,  2112,  1997,  4872,  1997,\n","         7079,  1996, 18932,  2015,  1997, 12882,  2004,  5115,  1012,  1996,\n","         3653,  1011,  2572,  3468,  2000,  1996,  5427,  3206,  3084,  1996,\n","         2682,  4861,  3154,  1998,  2163,  2008,  2023,  3343,  2003,  3843,\n","         3395,  2000,  1996,  3785,  1998, 14310,  6267,  2006,  1996,  2067,\n","         1997,  1996,  3343,  1012,  1996, 20380,  2015,  2872,  2006,  1996,\n","         3343,  4618,  2036,  2022,  2112,  1997,  1996,  3343,  1998,  2009,\n","         2036,  3084,  1037,  4431,  2000,  1996,  6378,  2433,  3038,  2008,\n","         2008,  1996,  8635,  2445,  1999,  1996,  6378,  2433,  2024,  1996,\n","         3978,  1997,  1996,  3206,  1012,  1996,  6134,  2029,  2003,  6267,\n","         2006,  1996,  3343,  6254, 14847,  1996,  2436,  2029,  2038,  3843,\n","         1996,  3343,  1012,  2009,  2163,  1996,  2171,  1997,  1996,  3343,\n","        14528,  1010,  1996,  3058,  1997, 20561,  1997,  1996,  3343,  1010,\n","         2019,  8720,  2193,  1997,  1996,  3343,  2170,  3343,  2193,  1012,\n","         2023,  2193,  2003,  5186,  6179,  2005,  2437,  2151,  4431,  2000,\n","         1996, 16021, 27595,  8800,  2000,  2023,  3343,  1012,  2023,  4618,\n","         4468, 17044,  2015,  8536,  1012,  3841, 12879, 24108,  2854,  1521,\n","         1055,  2171,  2003,  2036,  3855,  2247,  2007,  4769,  1012,  2009,\n","         2003,  4072,  2000,  4638,  2008,  2009,  2003,  6149,  1998,  2151,\n","         6707,  2323,  2022,  3202,  4197,  2041,  2005, 18140,  1012,  1037,\n","         6707,  1999,  1996,  4769,  2089, 28616,  4305,  2890,  6593,  1996,\n","        12882, 14444,  1998,  2151,  2060,  2925, 11061,  1012,  2009,  2036,\n","         2163,  1996,  2171,  1997,  1996,  9773,  1998,  1996,  3058,  2039,\n","         3406,  2029, 12882,  2038,  2000,  2022,  3825,  1012,  1996,  6134,\n","         3632,  2006,  2000,  5254,  1010,  1996,  2828,  1997,  3343,  1010,\n","         2006,  1996,  6230,  1997,  2029,  1010,  1996,  7680,  8916,  2003,\n","         3477,  3085,  1998,  2000,  3183,  2009,  2003,  3477,  3085,  1012,\n","         2009,  1997,  2607,  2036,  9704,  2043,  1998,  2129,  2146,  1996,\n","        12882,  2003,  2000,  2022,  3825,  1012,  1996,  3343,  6254,  2003,\n","         2772,  2011,  2019,  2880,  1997,  1996, 16021, 27595,  1998,  6052,\n","         1998, 20834,  2004,  2566,  1996,  9347,  1997,  1996, 11359,  2552,\n","         2000,  2191,  2009,  1037,  3294, 10142, 16306,  3085,  6254,  1012,\n","         2019,  8775,  1997,  1037,  3343,  1999,  7927,  1997,  2178,  2711,\n","         2030,  5145,  2064,  2022,  3466,  2098,  2011,  2019, 20380,  2006,\n","         1996,  3343,  1012,  2128,  1011,  8775,  2064,  2036,  2022,  2589,\n","         2011,  1037,  4745, 20380,  2006,  1996,  2168,  3343,  1012,  2004,\n","         1037,  6488,  2003,  8073,  8014,  2349,  2000,  2019,  8775,  1010,\n","         2044,  2128,  1011,  8775,  1010,  2009,  2003,  4072,  2000,  2191,\n","         1037,  4840,  6488,  1012,  1999, 24473,  3343,  1037,  3343,  6254,\n","         2003,  1037,  7070,  6254,  1998,  2064,  2022,  2109,  2005, 14344,\n","         4385,  1012,  3279,  1997,  3343,  6254,  2515,  2025, 14689,  4747,\n","         3726,  1996, 16021, 27595,  2013,  1996, 14000,  1997,  7909,  1997,\n","         3343, 10951,  2043,  1996,  4366, 18653,  1012,  1996,  4366,  2064,\n","         2022,   102])\n","tensor([  101.,  3876.,  2006.,  1996.,  4366., 11390.,  1010.,  6519., 24014.,\n","         2075.,  2019., 27427.,  6633., 22758.,  5416., 10776.,  2007.,  2028.,\n","         2469.,  3723.,  1012.,  2065.,  1037.,  3343.,  2003., 20868.,  2890.,\n","         6767.,  3540.,  6321.,  2439.,  1010.,  1037., 24473.,  3343.,  2064.,\n","         2022.,  3843.,  1010.,  2044.,  2206.,  1037.,  3056.,  7709.,  2066.,\n","         1996., 16021., 27595.,  2938.,  2483., 14213.,  2993.,  1997.,  1996.,\n","         6214.,  2877.,  2000.,  3279.,  1998.,  2108.,  2061.,  8510.,  1996.,\n","        16021., 27595., 16818.,  2588.,  2019., 15147.,  1999.,  1037.,  2739.,\n","         3259.,  1010.,  2537.,  1997.,  2019., 27427.,  6633., 22758.,  5416.,\n","         1998.,  7909.,  1997.,  3343.,  7547.,  5571.,  1998.,  2045.,  2044.,\n","         1037., 24473.,  3343.,  2003.,  3843.,  1012.,  3227.,  6488.,  2003.,\n","         2081.,  2012.,  1996.,  2051.,  1997.,  2635.,  1037.,  3343.,  1012.,\n","         1999.,  2553.,  2009.,  2003.,  2025.,  2589.,  1010.,  2009.,  2003.,\n","         2825.,  2000.,  2191.,  6488.,  3525.,  2011.,  2019., 20380.,  2006.,\n","         1996.,  3343.,  1012.,  2009.,  2003.,  2036.,  2825.,  2000.,  2689.,\n","         1037.,  6488.,  3525.,  2011.,  2019., 20380.,  1012.,  2044.,  3510.,\n","         1010.,  2107.,  2689.,  1999.,  6488.,  2003.,  5373.,  3223.,  1012.,\n","         2166.,  5427.,  2108.,  1037., 10142., 16306.,  3085.,  3206.,  1010.,\n","         3791.,  2000.,  2022.,  8832.,  2007.,  4751.,  1997.,  1996.,  2916.,\n","         1998., 14422.,  1997.,  1996.,  4243.,  2000.,  1996.,  3206.,  1012.,\n","         6378.,  2433., 25073.,  3561.,  1999.,  1998.,  2772.,  2011.,  1996.,\n","        16599.,  2099.,  2003.,  1996.,  2034.,  6254.,  2029.,  3596.,  1996.,\n","         3978.,  1997.,  1996.,  3206.,  1012.,  2296.,  2051.,  1010.,  1996.,\n","        16021., 12165., 12778.,  1996., 12882.,  1010.,  2002.,  8267.,  1037.,\n","        12882., 24306.,  1012.,  1996., 12882.,  3791.,  2000.,  2022.,  3825.,\n","         1999.,  2051.,  1010.,  2512.,  1011.,  7909.,  1997., 12882.,  5260.,\n","         2000.,  3343.,  1011., 10876.,  2229.,  1012.,  2128.,  1011., 16021.,\n","        12259.,  3672.,  1997.,  1996.,  3104.,  2003.,  2170.,  6308.,  1997.,\n","         1996.,  3343.,  1012.,  2065.,  1996.,  3343.,  2003.,  2025., 10570.,\n","         1010.,  1996.,  3343.,  2064.,  2468.,  1037.,  3825.,  2039.,  3343.,\n","         2005.,  1037.,  4359.,  7680.,  8916.,  2104.,  3056.,  3785.,  1012.,\n","         1996.,  3343.,  6254.,  9704.,  1999.,  6987.,  2035.,  1996.,  2916.,\n","         1998., 14422.,  1997.,  1996.,  3343., 14528.,  1012.,  1996.,  4005.,\n","         2003.,  9449.,  2000.,  4863.,  1996.,  2536.,  8910.,  1997.,  1996.,\n","         3343.,  2000.,  1996.,  3343., 14528.,  1012.,  1996.,  2773.,  8613.,\n","         1999.,  1996.,  3343.,  6254.,  2024.,  1997.,  4087.,  3267.,  1998.,\n","         6516.,  1996.,  2342.,  2005.,  9990.,  1012.,  2065.,  2045.,  2024.,\n","         3056., 20380.,  2015.,  2006.,  1996.,  3343.,  1010.,  2008.,  2342.,\n","         2000.,  2022.,  4541.,  2205.,  1012.,  2009.,  3791.,  2000.,  2022.,\n","         4541.,  2008.,  1996.,  3343.,  2003.,  1037.,  7070.,  6254.,  1998.,\n","         3791.,  2000.,  2022.,  2921.,  1999.,  3647.,  9968.,  1998.,  1999.,\n","         1996.,  3716.,  1997.,  1996.,  2485.,  9064.,  1012.,   102.,     0.,\n","            0.,     0.,     0.,     0.,     0.,     0.,     0.,     0.,     0.,\n","            0.,     0.,     0.,     0.,     0.,     0.,     0.,     0.,     0.,\n","            0.,     0.,     0.,     0.,     0.,     0.,     0.,     0.,     0.,\n","            0.,     0.,     0.,     0.,     0.,     0.,     0.,     0.,     0.,\n","            0.,     0.,     0.,     0.,     0.,     0.,     0.,     0.,     0.,\n","            0.,     0.,     0.,     0.,     0.,     0.,     0.,     0.,     0.,\n","            0.,     0.,     0.,     0.,     0.,     0.,     0.,     0.,     0.,\n","            0.,     0.,     0.,     0.,     0.,     0.,     0.,     0.,     0.,\n","            0.,     0.,     0.,     0.,     0.,     0.,     0.,     0.,     0.,\n","            0.,     0.,     0.,     0.,     0.,     0.,     0.,     0.,     0.,\n","            0.,     0.,     0.,     0.,     0.,     0.,     0.,     0.,     0.,\n","            0.,     0.,     0.,     0.,     0.,     0.,     0.,     0.,     0.,\n","            0.,     0.,     0.,     0.,     0.,     0.,     0.,     0.,     0.,\n","            0.,     0.,     0.,     0.,     0.,     0.,     0.,     0.,     0.,\n","            0.,     0.,     0.,     0.,     0.,     0.,     0.,     0.])\n"],"name":"stdout"}]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{"id":"1T6ZZm6vHkkX"},"source":["Here we can rejoining the splited tokens"]},{"cell_type":"code","metadata":{"colab":{"base_uri":"https://localhost:8080/"},"id":"ca0Lr1Gb-0OF","executionInfo":{"status":"ok","timestamp":1619377144435,"user_tz":-330,"elapsed":14293,"user":{"displayName":"SATYAM SONI","photoUrl":"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/a-/AOh14GhG4rcPYa7hnDqGvLTYPIBiXe9m-k4IPTmu9dWD=s64","userId":"06127152709350492896"}},"outputId":"cf7a91ac-2e0d-4fed-c8dd-9753f5d27873"},"source":["for tensor in range(len(input_id_chunks)):\n","  ans = answer_question(user_question, ' '.join(tokenizer.convert_ids_to_tokens(input_id_chunks[tensor])))\n","  print(ans)"],"execution_count":null,"outputs":[{"output_type":"stream","text":["Query has 512 tokens.\n","\n","('[SEP]', 1.9390361309051514)\n","Query has 512 tokens.\n","\n","('[CLS] when can a duplicate policy be issued ? [SEP] [CLS] precautions are necessary to eliminate the possibility of moral hazard . policy contract is the policy document is a detailed document and it is the evidence of the insurance contract which mentions all the terms and conditions of the insurance . the ins # # ur ##ed buys not the policy contract , but the right to the sum of money and its future delivery . the ins # # ur ##er on its part promises to pay a sum of money , provided of course the ins # # ur ##ed keeps its part of promise of paying the installment # # s of premium as scheduled . the pre - am # # b ##le to the insurance contract makes the above statement clear and states that this policy is issued subject to the conditions and privileges printed on the back of the policy . the endorsement # # s placed on the policy shall also be part of the policy and it also makes a reference to the proposal form saying that that the statements given in the proposal form are the basis of the contract . the schedule which is printed on the policy document identifies the office which has issued the policy . it states the name of the policy # # holder , the date of commencement of the policy , an identification number of the policy called policy number . this number is extremely useful for making any reference to the ins # # ur ##er relating to this policy . this shall avoid needles # # s delay . ben # # e ##f # # ic ##ia # # ry ’ s name is also mentioned along with address . it is necessary to check that it is correct and any mistake should be immediately pointed out for correction . a mistake in the address may mis # # di # # re # # ct the premium notices and any other future correspondence . it also states the name of the nominee and the date up # # to which premium has to be paid . the schedule goes on to mention , the type of policy , on the happening of which , the sum assured is pay # # able and to whom it is pay # # able . it of course also mentions when and how long the premium is to be paid . the policy document is signed by an official of the ins # # ur ##er and dated and stamped as per the provision of the stamp act to make it a completely legally enforce # # able document . an assignment of a policy in favour of another person or institution can be effect # # ed by an endorsement on the policy . re - assignment can also be done by a subsequent endorsement on the same policy . as a nomination is automatically cancelled due to an assignment , after [SEP]', 2.484130382537842)\n","Query has 512 tokens.\n","\n","('if a policy is ir # # re # # vo # # ca # # b ##ly lost', 6.044697284698486)\n"],"name":"stdout"}]},{"cell_type":"code","metadata":{"id":"HV3xhWAOEcPY"},"source":["def expand_split_sentences(pdf_txt):\n","  import nltk\n","  nltk.download('punkt')\n","  new_chunks = nltk.sent_tokenize(pdf_txt)\n","  length = len(new_chunks)\n","  #for i in range(length):\n","    #tmp_token = tokenizer.encode(new_chunks[i])\n","    #print('The input has a total of {:} tokens.'.format(len(tmp_token)))\n","\n","  new_df = [];\n","  for i in range(length):\n","    paragraph = \"\"\n","    for j in range(i, length):\n","      #tmp_str = paragraph + new_chunks[j]\n","      tmp_token = tokenizer.encode(paragraph + new_chunks[j])\n","      length_token = len(tmp_token)\n","      if length_token < 510:\n","        #print(length_token)\n","        paragraph = paragraph + new_chunks[j]\n","      else:\n","        #print(length_token)\n","        break;\n","    #print(len(tokenizer.encode(paragraph)))\n","    new_df.append(paragraph)\n","  return new_df\n","  #for i in new_df:\n","    #print(i)"],"execution_count":null,"outputs":[]},{"cell_type":"code","metadata":{"id":"CnMBSJXTjD7C"},"source":["fdi = \"\"\"Make in India is an initiative which was launched on September 25, 2014, to facilitate investment, foster innovation, building best in class infrastructure, and making India a hub for manufacturing, design, and innovation. The development of a robust manufacturing sector continues to be a key priority of the Indian Government. It was one of the first 'Vocal for Local' initiatives that exposed India's manufacturing domain to the world. The sector has the potential to not only take economic growth to a higher trajectory but also to provide employment to a large pool of our young labour force.\n","Make in India initiative has made significant achievements and presently focuses on 27 sectors under Make in India 2.0. Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade is coordinating action plans for manufacturing sectors, while Department of Commerce is coordinating service sectors.\n","The Government of India is making continuous efforts under Investment Facilitation for implementation of Make in India action plans to identify potential investors. Support is being provided to Indian Missions abroad and State Governments for organising events, summits, road-shows and other promotional activities to attract investment in the country under the Make in India banner. Investment Outreach activities are being carried out for enhancing International co-operation for promoting FDI and improve Ease of Doing Business in the country.\n","India has registered its highest ever annual FDI Inflow of US $74.39 billion (provisional figure) during the last financial year 2019-20 as compared to US $ 45.15 billion in 2014-2015. In the last six financial years (2014-20), India has received FDI inflow worth US$ 358.30 billion which is 53 percent of the FDI reported in the last 20 years (US$ 681.87 billion).\n","Steps taken to improve Ease of Doing Business include simplification and rationalization of existing processes. As a result of the measures taken to improve the country’s investment climate, India jumped to 63rd place in World Bank’s Ease of Doing Business ranking as per World Bank’s Doing Business Report (DBR) 2020. This is driven by reforms in the areas of Starting a Business, Paying Taxes, Trading Across Borders, and Resolving Insolvency.\n","Recently, Government has taken various steps in addition to ongoing schemes to boost domestic and foreign investments in India. These include the National Infrastructure Pipeline, Reduction in Corporate Tax, easing liquidity problems of NBFCs and Banks, policy measures to boost domestic manufacturing. Government of India has also promoted domestic manufacturing of goods through public procurement orders, Phased Manufacturing Programme (PMP), Schemes for Production Linked Incentives of various Ministries.\n","Further, with a view to support, facilitate and provide investor friendly ecosystem to investors investing in India, the Union Cabinet on 03rd June, 2020 has approved constitution of an Empowered Group of Secretaries (EGoS), and also Project Development Cells (PDCs) in all concerned Ministries/ Departments to fast-track investments in coordination between the Central Government and State Governments, and thereby grow the pipeline of investible projects in India to increase domestic investments and FDI inflow.\n","The activities under the Make in India initiative are being undertaken by several Central Government Ministries/ Departments and various State Governments. Further, Ministries formulate action plans, programmes, schemes and policies for the sectors being dealt by them. This Department does not maintain information on such formulations by the line ministries.\"\"\""],"execution_count":null,"outputs":[]},{"cell_type":"code","metadata":{"id":"x3oyVxtxjL0k"},"source":["question_fdi = \"What were the various steps taken by the government to boost domestic and foreign investment in India?\""],"execution_count":null,"outputs":[]},{"cell_type":"code","metadata":{"colab":{"base_uri":"https://localhost:8080/"},"id":"4bBEjtSRPlF7","executionInfo":{"status":"ok","timestamp":1619295955077,"user_tz":-330,"elapsed":109361,"user":{"displayName":"SATYAM SONI","photoUrl":"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/a-/AOh14GhG4rcPYa7hnDqGvLTYPIBiXe9m-k4IPTmu9dWD=s64","userId":"06127152709350492896"}},"outputId":"92ed411e-3aef-4254-d97d-9553f5a18a88"},"source":["max_score = 0;\n","final_answer = \"\"\n","new_df = expand_split_sentences(fdi)\n","for new_context in new_df:\n","  #new_paragrapgh = new_paragrapgh + answer_question(question, answer_text)\n","  ans, score = answer_question(question_fdi, new_context)\n","  if score > max_score:\n","    max_score = score\n","    final_answer = ans\n","print(final_answer)\n","print(max_score)"],"execution_count":null,"outputs":[{"output_type":"stream","text":["Token indices sequence length is longer than the specified maximum sequence length for this model (522 > 512). Running this sequence through the model will result in indexing errors\n","Token indices sequence length is longer than the specified maximum sequence length for this model (575 > 512). Running this sequence through the model will result in indexing errors\n"],"name":"stderr"},{"output_type":"stream","text":["[nltk_data] Downloading package punkt to /root/nltk_data...\n","[nltk_data]   Package punkt is already up-to-date!\n"],"name":"stdout"},{"output_type":"stream","text":["Token indices sequence length is longer than the specified maximum sequence length for this model (557 > 512). Running this sequence through the model will result in indexing errors\n","Token indices sequence length is longer than the specified maximum sequence length for this model (534 > 512). Running this sequence through the model will result in indexing errors\n","Token indices sequence length is longer than the specified maximum sequence length for this model (527 > 512). Running this sequence through the model will result in indexing errors\n","Token indices sequence length is longer than the specified maximum sequence length for this model (526 > 512). Running this sequence through the model will result in indexing errors\n","Token indices sequence length is longer than the specified maximum sequence length for this model (516 > 512). Running this sequence through the model will result in indexing errors\n"],"name":"stderr"},{"output_type":"stream","text":["Query has 511 tokens.\n","\n","Query has 502 tokens.\n","\n","Query has 484 tokens.\n","\n","Query has 461 tokens.\n","\n","Query has 512 tokens.\n","\n","Query has 512 tokens.\n","\n","Query has 512 tokens.\n","\n","Query has 510 tokens.\n","\n","Query has 472 tokens.\n","\n","Query has 445 tokens.\n","\n","Query has 401 tokens.\n","\n","Query has 350 tokens.\n","\n","Query has 331 tokens.\n","\n","Query has 284 tokens.\n","\n","Query has 257 tokens.\n","\n","Query has 236 tokens.\n","\n","Query has 206 tokens.\n","\n","Query has 174 tokens.\n","\n","Query has 80 tokens.\n","\n","Query has 57 tokens.\n","\n","Query has 36 tokens.\n","\n","national infrastructure pipeline , reduction in corporate tax , easing liquid ##ity problems of n ##bf ##cs and banks , policy measures to boost domestic manufacturing\n","6.569851398468018\n"],"name":"stdout"}]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{"id":"g43Uox-bH9Ji"},"source":["We can see that we get a set of three activation values for each chunk.\n","These activation values are not our output probabilities yet. To transform these into\n","output probabilities, we must apply a softmax function to the output tensor.\n","\n","Finally, we take the mean of the values in each class (or column) to get our final positive, negative, or neutral sentiment probability."]},{"cell_type":"code","metadata":{"colab":{"base_uri":"https://localhost:8080/"},"id":"M7Fq2d1gzoF7","executionInfo":{"status":"ok","timestamp":1619289254969,"user_tz":-330,"elapsed":1162,"user":{"displayName":"SATYAM SONI","photoUrl":"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/a-/AOh14GhG4rcPYa7hnDqGvLTYPIBiXe9m-k4IPTmu9dWD=s64","userId":"06127152709350492896"}},"outputId":"5ccc90b5-5da0-421a-888c-750baedaaab4"},"source":["input_ids = torch.stack(input_id_chunks)\n","attention_mask = torch.stack(mask_chunks)\n","\n","input_dict = {\n","    'input_ids': input_ids.long(),\n","    'attention_mask': attention_mask.int()\n","}\n","input_dict"],"execution_count":null,"outputs":[{"output_type":"execute_result","data":{"text/plain":["{'attention_mask': tensor([[1, 1, 1,  ..., 1, 1, 1],\n","         [1, 1, 1,  ..., 1, 1, 1],\n","         [1, 1, 1,  ..., 0, 0, 0]], dtype=torch.int32),\n"," 'input_ids': tensor([[  101,  2166,  5427,  ...,  1012,  2107,   102],\n","         [  101, 29361,  2024,  ...,  2064,  2022,   102],\n","         [  101,  3876,  2006,  ...,     0,     0,     0]])}"]},"metadata":{"tags":[]},"execution_count":39}]},{"cell_type":"code","metadata":{"id":"IKxiQIBQz6Hv"},"source":["outputs = model(**input_dict)\n","probs = torch.nn.functional.softmax(outputs[0], dim=-1)\n","probs = probs.mean(dim=0)\n","probs"],"execution_count":null,"outputs":[]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{"id":"XrrSJBpgITQg"},"source":["**==============================================================================================================**"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{"id":"XkqeFHBtAZET"},"source":["**Implementing Question Answering System on Multiple files**\n"]},{"cell_type":"code","metadata":{"colab":{"base_uri":"https://localhost:8080/","height":1000},"id":"cgTMMG5AwK5O","executionInfo":{"status":"ok","timestamp":1618812932618,"user_tz":-330,"elapsed":64359,"user":{"displayName":"SATYAM SONI","photoUrl":"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/a-/AOh14GhG4rcPYa7hnDqGvLTYPIBiXe9m-k4IPTmu9dWD=s64","userId":"06127152709350492896"}},"outputId":"d8bfe780-eac8-454d-fab8-feda489995d1"},"source":["!pip install cdqa"],"execution_count":null,"outputs":[{"output_type":"stream","text":["Requirement already satisfied: cdqa in /usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages (1.3.9)\n","Collecting tqdm==4.32.2\n","  Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/9f/3d/7a6b68b631d2ab54975f3a4863f3c4e9b26445353264ef01f465dc9b0208/tqdm-4.32.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl\n","Requirement already satisfied: tika==1.19 in /usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages (from cdqa) (1.19)\n","Requirement already satisfied: wget==3.2 in /usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages (from cdqa) (3.2)\n","Requirement already satisfied: flask-cors==3.0.8 in /usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages (from cdqa) (3.0.8)\n","Requirement already satisfied: transformers==2.1.1 in /usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages (from cdqa) (2.1.1)\n","Requirement already satisfied: prettytable==0.7.2 in /usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages (from cdqa) (0.7.2)\n","Requirement already satisfied: scikit-learn==0.21.2 in /usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages (from cdqa) (0.21.2)\n","Requirement already satisfied: joblib==0.13.2 in /usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages (from cdqa) (0.13.2)\n","Collecting torch==1.2.0\n","  Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/05/65/5248be50c55ab7429dd5c11f5e2f9f5865606b80e854ca63139ad1a584f2/torch-1.2.0-cp37-cp37m-manylinux1_x86_64.whl\n","Collecting pandas==0.25.0\n","  Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/3b/42/dc1f4820b95fbdbc9352ec9ad0f0c40db2122e1f2440ea53c7f9fbccf2b8/pandas-0.25.0-cp37-cp37m-manylinux1_x86_64.whl\n","Requirement already satisfied: markdown==3.1.1 in /usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages (from cdqa) (3.1.1)\n","Requirement already satisfied: Flask==1.1.1 in /usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages (from cdqa) (1.1.1)\n","Requirement already satisfied: requests in /usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages (from tika==1.19->cdqa) (2.23.0)\n","Requirement already satisfied: setuptools in /usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages (from tika==1.19->cdqa) (54.2.0)\n","Requirement already satisfied: Six in /usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages (from flask-cors==3.0.8->cdqa) (1.15.0)\n","Requirement already satisfied: regex in /usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages (from transformers==2.1.1->cdqa) (2019.12.20)\n","Requirement already satisfied: numpy in /usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages (from transformers==2.1.1->cdqa) 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(from boto3->transformers==2.1.1->cdqa) (0.10.0)\n","Requirement already satisfied: botocore<1.21.0,>=1.20.53 in /usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages (from boto3->transformers==2.1.1->cdqa) (1.20.53)\n","Requirement already satisfied: s3transfer<0.4.0,>=0.3.0 in /usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages (from boto3->transformers==2.1.1->cdqa) (0.3.7)\n","Requirement already satisfied: MarkupSafe>=0.23 in /usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages (from Jinja2>=2.10.1->Flask==1.1.1->cdqa) (1.1.1)\n","\u001b[31mERROR: torchvision 0.9.1+cu101 has requirement torch==1.8.1, but you'll have torch 1.2.0 which is incompatible.\u001b[0m\n","\u001b[31mERROR: torchtext 0.9.1 has requirement torch==1.8.1, but you'll have torch 1.2.0 which is incompatible.\u001b[0m\n","\u001b[31mERROR: spacy 2.2.4 has requirement tqdm<5.0.0,>=4.38.0, but you'll have tqdm 4.32.2 which is incompatible.\u001b[0m\n","\u001b[31mERROR: google-colab 1.0.0 has requirement pandas~=1.1.0; python_version >= \"3.0\", but you'll have pandas 0.25.0 which is incompatible.\u001b[0m\n","\u001b[31mERROR: fbprophet 0.7.1 has requirement pandas>=1.0.4, but you'll have pandas 0.25.0 which is incompatible.\u001b[0m\n","\u001b[31mERROR: fbprophet 0.7.1 has requirement tqdm>=4.36.1, but you'll have tqdm 4.32.2 which is incompatible.\u001b[0m\n","Installing collected packages: tqdm, torch, pandas\n","  Found existing installation: tqdm 4.36.1\n","    Uninstalling tqdm-4.36.1:\n","      Successfully uninstalled tqdm-4.36.1\n","  Found existing installation: torch 1.8.1\n","    Uninstalling torch-1.8.1:\n","      Successfully uninstalled torch-1.8.1\n","  Found existing installation: pandas 1.1.0\n","    Uninstalling pandas-1.1.0:\n","      Successfully uninstalled pandas-1.1.0\n","Successfully installed pandas-0.25.0 torch-1.2.0 tqdm-4.32.2\n"],"name":"stdout"},{"output_type":"display_data","data":{"application/vnd.colab-display-data+json":{"pip_warning":{"packages":["pandas"]}}},"metadata":{"tags":[]}}]},{"cell_type":"code","metadata":{"id":"iHUTBzEyAPh_","colab":{"base_uri":"https://localhost:8080/","height":1000},"executionInfo":{"status":"ok","timestamp":1618812574598,"user_tz":-330,"elapsed":154155,"user":{"displayName":"SATYAM SONI","photoUrl":"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/a-/AOh14GhG4rcPYa7hnDqGvLTYPIBiXe9m-k4IPTmu9dWD=s64","userId":"06127152709350492896"}},"outputId":"c5c915c5-968d-43f6-c505-5196542bc937"},"source":["!pip install cdqa"],"execution_count":null,"outputs":[{"output_type":"stream","text":["Collecting cdqa\n","\u001b[?25l  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/39/f5/af831b7ee653aa6bace99e39ec6b2754b1adb10bb60a1296f5e16f1f24ee/cdqa-1.3.9.tar.gz (45kB)\n","\u001b[K     |████████████████████████████████| 51kB 2.3MB/s \n","\u001b[?25hCollecting Flask==1.1.1\n","\u001b[?25l  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/9b/93/628509b8d5dc749656a9641f4caf13540e2cdec85276964ff8f43bbb1d3b/Flask-1.1.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (94kB)\n","\u001b[K     |████████████████████████████████| 102kB 4.0MB/s \n","\u001b[?25hCollecting flask_cors==3.0.8\n","  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/78/38/e68b11daa5d613e3a91e4bf3da76c94ac9ee0d9cd515af9c1ab80d36f709/Flask_Cors-3.0.8-py2.py3-none-any.whl\n","Collecting joblib==0.13.2\n","\u001b[?25l  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/cd/c1/50a758e8247561e58cb87305b1e90b171b8c767b15b12a1734001f41d356/joblib-0.13.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (278kB)\n","\u001b[K     |████████████████████████████████| 286kB 6.4MB/s \n","\u001b[?25hCollecting pandas==0.25.0\n","\u001b[?25l  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/3b/42/dc1f4820b95fbdbc9352ec9ad0f0c40db2122e1f2440ea53c7f9fbccf2b8/pandas-0.25.0-cp37-cp37m-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (10.4MB)\n","\u001b[K     |████████████████████████████████| 10.4MB 5.4MB/s \n","\u001b[?25hCollecting prettytable==0.7.2\n","  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/ef/30/4b0746848746ed5941f052479e7c23d2b56d174b82f4fd34a25e389831f5/prettytable-0.7.2.tar.bz2\n","Collecting transformers==2.1.1\n","\u001b[?25l  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/fd/f9/51824e40f0a23a49eab4fcaa45c1c797cbf9761adedd0b558dab7c958b34/transformers-2.1.1-py3-none-any.whl (311kB)\n","\u001b[K     |████████████████████████████████| 317kB 32.5MB/s \n","\u001b[?25hCollecting scikit_learn==0.21.2\n","\u001b[?25l  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/21/a4/a48bd4b0d15395362b561df7e7247de87291105eb736a3b2aaffebf437b9/scikit_learn-0.21.2-cp37-cp37m-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (6.7MB)\n","\u001b[K     |████████████████████████████████| 6.7MB 26.6MB/s \n","\u001b[?25hCollecting tika==1.19\n","  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/10/75/b566e446ffcf292f10c8d84c15a3d91615fe3d7ca8072a17c949d4e84b66/tika-1.19.tar.gz\n","Collecting torch==1.2.0\n","\u001b[?25l  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/05/65/5248be50c55ab7429dd5c11f5e2f9f5865606b80e854ca63139ad1a584f2/torch-1.2.0-cp37-cp37m-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (748.9MB)\n","\u001b[K     |████████████████████████████████| 748.9MB 20kB/s \n","\u001b[?25hCollecting markdown==3.1.1\n","\u001b[?25l  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/c0/4e/fd492e91abdc2d2fcb70ef453064d980688762079397f779758e055f6575/Markdown-3.1.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (87kB)\n","\u001b[K     |████████████████████████████████| 92kB 9.2MB/s \n","\u001b[?25hCollecting tqdm==4.32.2\n","\u001b[?25l  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/9f/3d/7a6b68b631d2ab54975f3a4863f3c4e9b26445353264ef01f465dc9b0208/tqdm-4.32.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (50kB)\n","\u001b[K     |████████████████████████████████| 51kB 5.0MB/s \n","\u001b[?25hCollecting wget==3.2\n","  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/47/6a/62e288da7bcda82b935ff0c6cfe542970f04e29c756b0e147251b2fb251f/wget-3.2.zip\n","Requirement already satisfied: itsdangerous>=0.24 in /usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages (from Flask==1.1.1->cdqa) (1.1.0)\n","Requirement already satisfied: Werkzeug>=0.15 in /usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages (from Flask==1.1.1->cdqa) (1.0.1)\n","Requirement already satisfied: Jinja2>=2.10.1 in /usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages (from Flask==1.1.1->cdqa) (2.11.3)\n","Requirement already satisfied: click>=5.1 in /usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages (from Flask==1.1.1->cdqa) (7.1.2)\n","Requirement already satisfied: Six in /usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages (from flask_cors==3.0.8->cdqa) (1.15.0)\n","Requirement already satisfied: numpy>=1.13.3 in /usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages (from pandas==0.25.0->cdqa) (1.19.5)\n","Requirement already satisfied: python-dateutil>=2.6.1 in /usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages (from pandas==0.25.0->cdqa) (2.8.1)\n","Requirement already satisfied: pytz>=2017.2 in /usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages (from pandas==0.25.0->cdqa) (2018.9)\n","Requirement already satisfied: requests in /usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages (from transformers==2.1.1->cdqa) (2.23.0)\n","Collecting sentencepiece\n","\u001b[?25l  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/f5/99/e0808cb947ba10f575839c43e8fafc9cc44e4a7a2c8f79c60db48220a577/sentencepiece-0.1.95-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl (1.2MB)\n","\u001b[K     |████████████████████████████████| 1.2MB 21.5MB/s \n","\u001b[?25hRequirement already satisfied: regex in /usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages (from transformers==2.1.1->cdqa) (2019.12.20)\n","Collecting boto3\n","\u001b[?25l  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/62/b3/8c889dd3d5ae47a9c4468cc20ef980adc4a16f06f0937ab33f78b58b5eda/boto3-1.17.53-py2.py3-none-any.whl (131kB)\n","\u001b[K     |████████████████████████████████| 133kB 43.6MB/s 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already satisfied: urllib3!=1.25.0,!=1.25.1,<1.26,>=1.21.1 in /usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages (from requests->transformers==2.1.1->cdqa) (1.24.3)\n","Requirement already satisfied: chardet<4,>=3.0.2 in /usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages (from requests->transformers==2.1.1->cdqa) (3.0.4)\n","Collecting botocore<1.21.0,>=1.20.53\n","\u001b[?25l  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/92/4e/232e261b739534e216f28d935a06c44840221c3476ebcdb411cd0fc2bf16/botocore-1.20.53-py2.py3-none-any.whl (7.4MB)\n","\u001b[K     |████████████████████████████████| 7.4MB 39.9MB/s \n","\u001b[?25hCollecting jmespath<1.0.0,>=0.7.1\n","  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/07/cb/5f001272b6faeb23c1c9e0acc04d48eaaf5c862c17709d20e3469c6e0139/jmespath-0.10.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl\n","Collecting s3transfer<0.4.0,>=0.3.0\n","\u001b[?25l  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/00/89/0cb4e92c239e6425b9b0035227b8cdf9d3d098a5c9e95632c3815df63a09/s3transfer-0.3.7-py2.py3-none-any.whl (73kB)\n","\u001b[K     |████████████████████████████████| 81kB 9.3MB/s \n","\u001b[?25hBuilding wheels for collected packages: cdqa, prettytable, tika, wget\n","  Building wheel for cdqa (setup.py) ... \u001b[?25l\u001b[?25hdone\n","  Created wheel for cdqa: filename=cdqa-1.3.9-cp37-none-any.whl size=47640 sha256=0dd988bab228a381e20fad61721362a8db5aecf1cbdefabd844cf57a4e49b8b0\n","  Stored in directory: /root/.cache/pip/wheels/8b/9a/68/d3f7651ea29c30d1bebc9e946bf5a8cf922e1c86fb6b8a33d9\n","  Building wheel for prettytable (setup.py) ... \u001b[?25l\u001b[?25hdone\n","  Created wheel for prettytable: filename=prettytable-0.7.2-cp37-none-any.whl size=13700 sha256=745ecd3d40573245296be17a5060729da09e48761926e26332e31ce9b0cb4cd7\n","  Stored in directory: /root/.cache/pip/wheels/80/34/1c/3967380d9676d162cb59513bd9dc862d0584e045a162095606\n","  Building wheel for tika (setup.py) ... \u001b[?25l\u001b[?25hdone\n","  Created wheel for tika: filename=tika-1.19-cp37-none-any.whl size=29224 sha256=bdc569c2de5f88e24fc2b1dc371b713a5a82252ab0a4d0f2fd6384d6f29e627f\n","  Stored in directory: /root/.cache/pip/wheels/b4/db/8a/3a3f0c0725448eaa92703e3dda71e29dc13a119ff6c1036848\n","  Building wheel for wget (setup.py) ... \u001b[?25l\u001b[?25hdone\n","  Created wheel for wget: filename=wget-3.2-cp37-none-any.whl size=9681 sha256=44eca33805f0735c1e1ea0413a15813b0ff350d24d6cedf61b36e8ec57c53ecd\n","  Stored in directory: /root/.cache/pip/wheels/40/15/30/7d8f7cea2902b4db79e3fea550d7d7b85ecb27ef992b618f3f\n","Successfully built cdqa prettytable tika wget\n","\u001b[31mERROR: torchvision 0.9.1+cu101 has requirement torch==1.8.1, but you'll have torch 1.2.0 which is incompatible.\u001b[0m\n","\u001b[31mERROR: torchtext 0.9.1 has requirement torch==1.8.1, but you'll have torch 1.2.0 which is incompatible.\u001b[0m\n","\u001b[31mERROR: spacy 2.2.4 has requirement tqdm<5.0.0,>=4.38.0, but you'll have tqdm 4.32.2 which is incompatible.\u001b[0m\n","\u001b[31mERROR: librosa 0.8.0 has requirement joblib>=0.14, but you'll have joblib 0.13.2 which is incompatible.\u001b[0m\n","\u001b[31mERROR: google-colab 1.0.0 has requirement pandas~=1.1.0; python_version >= \"3.0\", but you'll have pandas 0.25.0 which is incompatible.\u001b[0m\n","\u001b[31mERROR: fbprophet 0.7.1 has requirement pandas>=1.0.4, but you'll have pandas 0.25.0 which is incompatible.\u001b[0m\n","\u001b[31mERROR: fbprophet 0.7.1 has requirement tqdm>=4.36.1, but you'll have tqdm 4.32.2 which is incompatible.\u001b[0m\n","\u001b[31mERROR: botocore 1.20.53 has requirement urllib3<1.27,>=1.25.4, but you'll have urllib3 1.24.3 which is incompatible.\u001b[0m\n","Installing collected packages: Flask, flask-cors, joblib, pandas, prettytable, sentencepiece, jmespath, botocore, s3transfer, boto3, tqdm, sacremoses, transformers, scikit-learn, tika, torch, markdown, wget, cdqa\n","  Found existing installation: Flask 1.1.2\n","    Uninstalling Flask-1.1.2:\n","      Successfully uninstalled Flask-1.1.2\n","  Found existing installation: joblib 1.0.1\n","    Uninstalling joblib-1.0.1:\n","      Successfully uninstalled joblib-1.0.1\n","  Found existing installation: pandas 1.1.5\n","    Uninstalling pandas-1.1.5:\n","      Successfully uninstalled pandas-1.1.5\n","  Found existing installation: prettytable 2.1.0\n","    Uninstalling prettytable-2.1.0:\n","      Successfully uninstalled prettytable-2.1.0\n","  Found existing installation: tqdm 4.41.1\n","    Uninstalling tqdm-4.41.1:\n","      Successfully uninstalled tqdm-4.41.1\n","  Found existing installation: scikit-learn 0.22.2.post1\n","    Uninstalling scikit-learn-0.22.2.post1:\n","      Successfully uninstalled scikit-learn-0.22.2.post1\n","  Found existing installation: torch 1.8.1+cu101\n","    Uninstalling torch-1.8.1+cu101:\n","      Successfully uninstalled torch-1.8.1+cu101\n","  Found existing installation: Markdown 3.3.4\n","    Uninstalling Markdown-3.3.4:\n","      Successfully uninstalled Markdown-3.3.4\n","Successfully installed Flask-1.1.1 boto3-1.17.53 botocore-1.20.53 cdqa-1.3.9 flask-cors-3.0.8 jmespath-0.10.0 joblib-0.13.2 markdown-3.1.1 pandas-0.25.0 prettytable-0.7.2 s3transfer-0.3.7 sacremoses-0.0.45 scikit-learn-0.21.2 sentencepiece-0.1.95 tika-1.19 torch-1.2.0 tqdm-4.32.2 transformers-2.1.1 wget-3.2\n"],"name":"stdout"},{"output_type":"display_data","data":{"application/vnd.colab-display-data+json":{"pip_warning":{"packages":["joblib","pandas","sklearn"]}}},"metadata":{"tags":[]}}]},{"cell_type":"code","metadata":{"id":"4Q00uKDBA3Ox","colab":{"base_uri":"https://localhost:8080/"},"executionInfo":{"status":"ok","timestamp":1618812940599,"user_tz":-330,"elapsed":11587,"user":{"displayName":"SATYAM SONI","photoUrl":"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/a-/AOh14GhG4rcPYa7hnDqGvLTYPIBiXe9m-k4IPTmu9dWD=s64","userId":"06127152709350492896"}},"outputId":"4def9a4d-f7a3-4966-9810-7facc6e0d88c"},"source":["import os\n","import pandas as pd\n","from ast import literal_eval\n","\n","from cdqa.utils.converters import pdf_converter\n","from cdqa.pipeline import QAPipeline\n","from cdqa.utils.download import download_model"],"execution_count":null,"outputs":[{"output_type":"stream","text":["/usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages/tqdm/autonotebook/__init__.py:18: TqdmExperimentalWarning: Using `tqdm.autonotebook.tqdm` in notebook mode. Use `tqdm.tqdm` instead to force console mode (e.g. in jupyter console)\n","  \" (e.g. in jupyter console)\", TqdmExperimentalWarning)\n"],"name":"stderr"}]},{"cell_type":"code","metadata":{"id":"Tyy_HBGhB0xQ","colab":{"base_uri":"https://localhost:8080/"},"executionInfo":{"status":"ok","timestamp":1618812979869,"user_tz":-330,"elapsed":21568,"user":{"displayName":"SATYAM SONI","photoUrl":"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/a-/AOh14GhG4rcPYa7hnDqGvLTYPIBiXe9m-k4IPTmu9dWD=s64","userId":"06127152709350492896"}},"outputId":"ba590a9b-cca9-421a-c075-c1ded92c3238"},"source":["download_model(model='bert-squad_1.1', dir='./models')"],"execution_count":null,"outputs":[{"output_type":"stream","text":["\n","Downloading trained model...\n"],"name":"stdout"}]},{"cell_type":"code","metadata":{"id":"C9QCvte3B4ON","colab":{"base_uri":"https://localhost:8080/"},"executionInfo":{"status":"ok","timestamp":1618777286897,"user_tz":-330,"elapsed":1564,"user":{"displayName":"SATYAM SONI","photoUrl":"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/a-/AOh14GhG4rcPYa7hnDqGvLTYPIBiXe9m-k4IPTmu9dWD=s64","userId":"06127152709350492896"}},"outputId":"fbd81e37-adfe-4d48-c6a1-59837c7b0ae4"},"source":["!ls models"],"execution_count":null,"outputs":[{"output_type":"stream","text":["bert_qa.joblib\n"],"name":"stdout"}]},{"cell_type":"code","metadata":{"colab":{"base_uri":"https://localhost:8080/","height":357},"id":"_A9gDyrXulO0","executionInfo":{"status":"ok","timestamp":1618941805136,"user_tz":-330,"elapsed":18990,"user":{"displayName":"SATYAM SONI","photoUrl":"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/a-/AOh14GhG4rcPYa7hnDqGvLTYPIBiXe9m-k4IPTmu9dWD=s64","userId":"06127152709350492896"}},"outputId":"9c83901f-ca53-40a4-8801-ba9c441eeae9"},"source":["!pip install pandas==1.1.0"],"execution_count":null,"outputs":[{"output_type":"stream","text":["Collecting pandas==1.1.0\n","\u001b[?25l  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/94/b1/f77f49cc7cc538b247f30c2ae7e3a50f29e44f0b1af32ff4869d7de3c762/pandas-1.1.0-cp37-cp37m-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (10.5MB)\n","\u001b[K     |████████████████████████████████| 10.5MB 5.4MB/s \n","\u001b[?25hRequirement already satisfied: python-dateutil>=2.7.3 in /usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages (from pandas==1.1.0) (2.8.1)\n","Requirement already satisfied: pytz>=2017.2 in /usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages (from pandas==1.1.0) (2018.9)\n","Requirement already satisfied: numpy>=1.15.4 in /usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages (from pandas==1.1.0) (1.19.5)\n","Requirement already satisfied: six>=1.5 in /usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages (from python-dateutil>=2.7.3->pandas==1.1.0) (1.15.0)\n","\u001b[31mERROR: fbprophet 0.7.1 has requirement tqdm>=4.36.1, but you'll have tqdm 4.32.2 which is incompatible.\u001b[0m\n","\u001b[31mERROR: cdqa 1.3.9 has requirement pandas==0.25.0, but you'll have pandas 1.1.0 which is incompatible.\u001b[0m\n","Installing collected packages: pandas\n","  Found existing installation: pandas 0.25.0\n","    Uninstalling pandas-0.25.0:\n","      Successfully uninstalled pandas-0.25.0\n","Successfully installed pandas-1.1.0\n"],"name":"stdout"},{"output_type":"display_data","data":{"application/vnd.colab-display-data+json":{"pip_warning":{"packages":["pandas"]}}},"metadata":{"tags":[]}}]},{"cell_type":"code","metadata":{"id":"frlettozB93x","colab":{"base_uri":"https://localhost:8080/","height":195},"executionInfo":{"status":"ok","timestamp":1618813106037,"user_tz":-330,"elapsed":2969,"user":{"displayName":"SATYAM SONI","photoUrl":"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/a-/AOh14GhG4rcPYa7hnDqGvLTYPIBiXe9m-k4IPTmu9dWD=s64","userId":"06127152709350492896"}},"outputId":"d21dd1da-e96c-47da-f58a-7e9d4ec38b43"},"source":["df = pdf_converter(directory_path=\"Documents\")\n","df.head()"],"execution_count":null,"outputs":[{"output_type":"execute_result","data":{"text/html":["<div>\n","<style scoped>\n","    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n","        vertical-align: middle;\n","    }\n","\n","    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n","        vertical-align: top;\n","    }\n","\n","    .dataframe thead th {\n","        text-align: right;\n","    }\n","</style>\n","<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n","  <thead>\n","    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n","      <th></th>\n","      <th>title</th>\n","      <th>paragraphs</th>\n","    </tr>\n","  </thead>\n","  <tbody>\n","    <tr>\n","      <th>0</th>\n","      <td>Q3-2019-Amazon-Financial-Results</td>\n","      <td>[Microsoft Word - 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AMZN-2019.12.31-EX99.1 (10) ...\n","2     AMZN-Q1-2020-Earnings-Release  [Microsoft Word - Earnings Release_4.30.20_12P...\n","3   Q2-2020-Amazon-Earnings-Release  [AMZN-2020.06.30-EX99.1 AMAZON.COM ANNOUNCES S...\n","4     AMZN-Q3-2020-Earnings-Release  [Microsoft Word - AMZN-Q3-2020-Earnings-Releas..."]},"metadata":{"tags":[]},"execution_count":39}]},{"cell_type":"code","metadata":{"id":"e92R47JLC9HI","colab":{"base_uri":"https://localhost:8080/","height":1000},"executionInfo":{"status":"ok","timestamp":1618813116052,"user_tz":-330,"elapsed":2646,"user":{"displayName":"SATYAM SONI","photoUrl":"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/a-/AOh14GhG4rcPYa7hnDqGvLTYPIBiXe9m-k4IPTmu9dWD=s64","userId":"06127152709350492896"}},"outputId":"f26aefb9-a95e-44a2-f559-13f050cc17fa"},"source":["pd.set_option('display.max_colwidth', -1)\n","df.head()"],"execution_count":null,"outputs":[{"output_type":"stream","text":["/usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages/ipykernel_launcher.py:1: FutureWarning: Passing a negative integer is deprecated in version 1.0 and will not be supported in future version. 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(NASDAQ: AMZN) today announced financial results for its third quarter ended September 30, 2019. , Operating cash flow increased 33% to $35.3 billion for the trailing twelve months, compared with $26.6 billion for the trailing twelve months ended September 30, 2018. Free cash flow increased to $23.5 billion for the trailing twelve months, compared with $15.4 billion for the trailing twelve months ended September 30, 2018. Free cash flow less principal repayments of finance leases and financing obligations increased to $14.6 billion for the trailing twelve months, compared with $8.1 billion for the trailing twelve months ended September 30, 2018. Free cash flow less equipment finance leases and principal repayments of all other finance leases and financing obligations increased to $10.5 billion for the trailing twelve months, compared with $5.4 billion for the trailing twelve months ended September 30, 2018. , Common shares outstanding plus shares underlying stock-based awards totaled 511 million on September 30, 2019, compared with 507 million one year ago. , Net sales increased 24% to $70.0 billion in the third quarter, compared with $56.6 billion in third quarter 2018. Excluding the $500 million unfavorable impact from year-over-year changes in foreign exchange rates throughout the quarter, net sales increased 25% compared with third quarter 2018. , Operating income decreased to $3.2 billion in the third quarter, compared with operating income of $3.7 billion in third quarter , 2018. , Net income decreased to $2.1 billion in the third quarter, or $4.23 per diluted share, compared with net income of $2.9 billion, or $5.75 per diluted share, in third quarter 2018.  “We are ramping up to make our 25th holiday season the best ever for Prime customers — with millions of products available for free one-day delivery,” said Jeff Bezos, Amazon founder and CEO. “Customers love the transition of Prime from two days to one day — they’ve already ordered billions of items with free one-day delivery this year. It’s a big investment, and it’s the right long-term decision for customers. And although it’s counterintuitive, the fastest delivery speeds generate the least carbon emissions because these products ship from fulfillment centers very close to the customer — it simply becomes impractical to use air or long ground routes. Huge thanks to all the teams helping deliver for customers this holiday.” , Highlights •  Amazon introduced an all-new line up of Echo devices: the next generation Echo, Echo Dot with clock, Echo Show 8, , Echo Buds, Echo Flex, and Echo Studio. Additionally, Amazon announced Day 1 Editions, a new program designed to bring innovative ideas to customers faster — starting with Echo Frames, all-day glasses with Alexa; and Echo Loop, an Alexa-enabled smart ring. •  Amazon announced over 20 new Fire TV products, including the first Fire TV Edition soundbar; the all-new Fire TV Cube, the fastest and most powerful Fire TV ever; the first OLED Fire TV Edition smart TV; and the first Fire TV , Edition smart TV with far-field Alexa voice control.  •  Amazon expanded the lineup of content for Fire TV customers, including the recently announced YouTube TV app, Apple TV app, and the all-new, free News app. In the third quarter, Fire TV announced more than 37 million active    users worldwide and continues to be the #1 selling streaming media player family in the U.S., the U.K., Germany, , Japan, and India.  •  More than 85,000 smart home products from over 9,500 unique brands can be controlled with Alexa. There are hundreds of devices with Alexa built-in, including new products from brands like Fitbit, Sonos, and Facebook. The , Alexa Skills Store offers more than 100,000 skills for Alexa, including Education Technology skills made available through the new Alexa Education Skill API. Additionally, the Alexa Fund portfolio continues to expand, with new investments in startups like Drivetime.fm, SmartRent, and Labrador Systems. •  Amazon announced new Alexa smart home features and products, including the Certified for Humans program, which helps customers find hassle-free smart home products that are simple to set up and use; and the all-new voice-controlled 4-in-1 Amazon Smart Oven. •  Amazon and Discovery announced an integration that brings the new Food Network Kitchen service to Amazon devices and makes Alexa the exclusive voice service for Food Network. Customers can watch their favorite Food , Network episodes, get step-by-step cooking instructions, save recipes, ask questions, and take live and on-demand cooking classes with Food Network chefs using Echo Show. •  Alexa continues to get smarter and make customers’ lives easier with new features, including optional auto-deletion of voice recordings, Show and Tell, Frustration Detection, political campaign donations, Alexa Guest Connect, Drop In everywhere, Alexa Connections, and photo sharing. •  Alexa has a more natural sounding and higher-quality voice with Amazon’s Neural Text-to-Speech (NTTS) technology. She can now adapt her speaking style and will soon offer her first celebrity voice, from the iconic actor and producer Samuel L. Jackson. He can tell you jokes, let you know if it’s raining, set timers and alarms, play music, and more —  all with a bit of his own personality. •  Amazon announced the Voice Interoperability Initiative, a new program to ensure voice-enabled products provide customers with choice and flexibility through multiple, interoperable voice services. More than 30 companies are participating in the initiative, including Baidu, Bose, BMW, ecobee, Intel, Microsoft, Orange, Qualcomm, Salesforce, , Sonos, Spotify, Tencent, and Verizon. •  Amazon announced Amazon Sidewalk, a low bandwidth, highly-secure network that uses the free 900 MHz spectrum to greatly extend the distance at which you can control simple, low-power smart lights, sensors, and other low-cost edge Internet of Things (IoT) devices. •  General Motors (GM) announced plans to integrate Alexa into millions of vehicles across its four brands — Chevrolet, Buick, GMC, and Cadillac. GM is the first automaker to deliver a fully embedded Alexa experience based on the , Alexa Auto SDK, bringing Alexa to new and existing vehicles with compatible infotainment systems. •  Amazon announced that Alexa is now available in Portuguese for customers in Brazil, Spanish for customers in the U.S., and Hindi for customers in India. With Multilingual Mode, customers in multilingual households in the U.S., , India, and Canada can switch between languages when talking to Alexa. •  Ring launched its first indoor-only and most affordable camera, Ring Indoor Cam, alongside the third generation Stick Up Cam. Ring also expanded availability of Smart Lighting to Canada. •  Amazon introduced the all-new eero mesh WiFi system, which offers simple, reliable WiFi for streaming, gaming, and working from home — all for $99. eero is a mesh WiFi system that replaces your existing router and extends WiFi coverage seamlessly throughout your home. In addition, eero is expanding to Europe — customers in France, , Germany, Italy, Spain, and the U.K. will be able to try the all-new eero and eero Pro in early November. •  Prime Video won 15 Emmy awards, with Fleabag receiving four Emmy awards, including Outstanding Comedy Series, as well as Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series and Outstanding Writing in a Comedy Series for , Phoebe Waller-Bridge. •  Prime Video premiered four new Amazon Original series: The Boys, Carnival Row, Undone, and Modern Love. In addition, Prime Video will see the return of Tom Clancy’s Jack Ryan, starring John Krasinski, on November 1; The , Man in the High Castle, from author Philip K. Dick, on November 15; The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel, recent winner of eight Emmy awards, on December 6; and the relaunch of the fan-favorite series The Expanse, with an all-new season four, on December 13.    •  For the third consecutive season, Prime Video offers Prime members the ability to live stream NFL Thursday Night Football games. New features, such as Next Gen Stats on X-Ray, gives fans access to deeper analytics and allows football fans all over the globe to customize their Thursday Night Football streaming experience. •  Prime Video continues to create local Original Series around the world, including All or Nothing: Brazil National Football Team and Soltos em Floripa in Brazil; El Juego de las Llaves and Derbez Family Vacation in Mexico; LOL: , Last One Laughing in Australia; Truth Seekers in the U.K.; Inside Borussia Dortmund in Germany; El Corazón de , Sergio Ramos in Spain; The Family Man in India; and season three of The Bachelor in Japan. •  Amazon Music announced the launch of Amazon Music HD, a new tier of premium quality music with more than 50 million songs in high definition, and millions of songs in ultra-high definition, the highest quality streaming audio available. Amazon Music HD is now available to stream in the U.S., the U.K., Germany, and Japan.  •  Amazon launched Prime in Brazil, offering members the broadest range of benefits at launch in Prime’s history, including unlimited free two-day delivery on hundreds of thousands of items in more than 90 cities, Prime Video, , Prime Music, Prime Reading, Twitch Prime, and access to exclusive deals. Amazon also announced the launch of , Amazon Music Unlimited for Brazil, bringing customers access to millions of songs, on-demand and ad-free. •  Amazon launched Prime Student in France, Italy, and Spain, making it now available in eight countries. Amazon introduced an exclusive Amazon Music Unlimited offer for $0.99 a month for U.S. Prime Student. •  AmazonFresh expanded to Indianapolis, Houston, Minneapolis, and Phoenix, with options for ultrafast one- and two-hour delivery. Customers in those cities can now shop from tens of thousands of grocery items, plus bestselling items from Amazon.com.   •  Amazon Fashion introduced Personal Shopper by Prime Wardrobe in the U.S., a new service exclusively for Prime members that provides style inspiration and personalized recommendations. Customers complete a survey about their style and fit preferences and Amazon Fashion’s stylist team provides personalized recommendations from over half a million items across thousands of brands.   •  Amazon Fashion continues to expand selection, and customers can now shop from brands such as Rihanna’s Savage X Fenty, 3.1 Phillip Lim, Vince Camuto, and Tommy Hilfiger. Additionally, Amazon’s children’s brand, Spotted Zebra, launched its first exclusive collaboration with Disney, bringing unique and playful prints featuring Disney franchises — all for under $30. •  Amazon announced the expansion of Project Zero to its European stores, empowering brands to partner with Amazon to drive counterfeits to zero.  •  Amazon announced The Climate Pledge, a commitment to meet the Paris Agreement 10 years early by achieving net zero carbon emissions by 2040. To support this goal, Amazon ordered 100,000 electric delivery vehicles from Rivian  —  the largest ever order of electric delivery vehicles — and announced plans to invest $100 million in nature-based climate solutions and reforestation projects around the world. Amazon pledged to reach 80% renewable energy by , 2024 and 100% renewable by 2030. •  So far this year, more than 250,000 people have toured Amazon fulfillment centers. Tours are free, open to the public, and are now available in 45 fulfillment centers across North America and Europe. •  Amazon held Career Day events in six U.S. cities to showcase 30,000 permanent job openings in corporate, tech, and customer fulfillment-related roles and received 208,000 applications for roles in the U.S.  •  Amazon is now funding Computer Science courses in more than 2,000 high schools across the U.S. through Amazon Future Engineer, a childhood-to-career program to inspire and educate children and young adults from underrepresented and underserved communities to pursue careers in computer science. Amazon Future Engineer also launched in the U.K., supporting the recruitment and training of 50 secondary school computer science teachers and over 200 Career Leaders to develop a long-term school-wide careers strategy, as well as launching robotics workshops for 10,000 children. •  Since the beginning of the year, Amazon has launched more than 150 new tools and services to help small and medium-sized businesses grow their sales in Amazon’s stores. Recently launched tools and services include Target , Inventory Levels, which allows sellers to better manage their Fulfillment by Amazon (FBA) inventory; Appstore and third-party tools, which help selling partners identify trusted third-party applications that complement Amazon’s free tools and help them streamline their business operations; and Sold by Amazon, a free, opt-in service that helps selling partners save time and increase sales by automating prices.    •  In September, Amazon sent two Amazon Air cargo planes to the Bahamas packed with Amazon- and customer-donated relief supplies to support those impacted by Hurricane Dorian. To date, Amazon and its customers have donated cash and over 400,000 requested items to Hurricane Dorian relief efforts in the U.S. and the Bahamas. •  Amazon Web Services (AWS) announced several new customer commitments and major migrations during the quarter: Cerner Corporation selected AWS as its preferred artificial intelligence and machine learning provider to advance better patient health outcomes; The Globe and Mail and Old Mutual Limited selected AWS as their preferred cloud provider; Galanz, a leading manufacturer of electronic home appliances, selected AWS to enhance the consumer experience and expand its IoT platform in more than 200 countries; and in China, Huashan Hospital, affiliated with , Fudan University, adopted AWS to accelerate digital transformation in order to reduce infrastructure costs and help the hospital improve its medical teaching and research. •  AWS announced the general availability of Amazon Forecast, a fully managed service that uses machine learning to deliver highly accurate forecasts based on the same technology used by Amazon. Amazon Forecast builds precise forecasts for virtually any business condition — including product demand and sales, infrastructure requirements, energy needs, and staffing levels — with predictions that are up to 50% more accurate than traditional methods. , Amazon Forecast is easy to use and does not require machine learning experience.  •  AWS announced the general availability of AWS Lake Formation, a fully managed service that makes it easier for customers to build, secure, and manage data lakes. AWS Lake Formation simplifies and automates many of the complex manual steps usually required to create a data lake, including collecting, cleaning, and cataloging data and securely making that data available for analytics. Customers can then analyze this data using their choice of AWS analytics and machine learning services, including Amazon Redshift, Amazon Athena, and AWS Glue, with Amazon , EMR, Amazon QuickSight, and Amazon SageMaker following in the next few months.  •  AWS announced the general availability of Amazon Quantum Ledger Database (QLDB), a fully managed service that provides a high-performance, immutable, and cryptographically verifiable ledger for applications that need a central, trusted authority to provide a permanent and complete record of transactions across industries like retail, finance, manufacturing, insurance, and human resources.  •  AWS announced the general availability of G4 instances, a new graphics processing unit (GPU)-powered Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) instance designed to help accelerate machine learning inference and graphics-intensive workloads, both of which are computationally demanding tasks that benefit from additional GPU acceleration. G4 instances provide the industry’s most cost-effective machine learning inference for applications, as well as a cost-effective service for building and running graphics-intensive applications, such as remote graphics workstations, video transcoding, photo-realistic design, and game streaming in the cloud.  •  AWS announced the general availability of AWS IQ, a new service that helps customers quickly find, engage, and hire AWS-Certified third-party experts for on-demand project work. AWS IQ offers the tools and workspace for more secure collaboration, streamlined project tracking, and integrated billing. Customers simply log into AWS IQ, describe their AWS-specific project needs in a few sentences to get started, chat with experts to clarify details of the project, compare proposals, review expert profiles, and select the expert that best fits their needs. •  AWS announced the opening of the AWS Middle East (Bahrain) Region. Developers, startups, and enterprises, as well as government, education, and non-profit organizations, can now run their applications and serve end-users from data centers located in the Middle East, as well as leverage advanced technologies from the world's leading cloud, to drive innovation. AWS now spans 69 Availability Zones within 22 geographic regions around the world, and has announced plans for ten more Availability Zones and three more AWS Regions in Indonesia, Italy, and South Africa. •  AWS announced a 44% reduction in storage prices for Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) Infrequent Access (IA) storage class, one of the largest percentage price reductions in AWS history. Amazon EFS is a low-cost, simple to use, fully managed, and cloud-native NFS file system for Linux-based workloads that can be used with AWS services and on-premises resources. Amazon EFS IA is a storage class for Amazon EFS that is designed for files accessed less frequently, enabling customers to reduce storage costs compared to the Amazon EFS Standard storage class. AWS has reduced prices six times thus far in 2019, and this marks the 75th price reduction since its inception. •  AWS announced collaborations in the U.S. between AWS Educate and statewide educational systems in Virginia, Texas, and Louisiana, in addition to a regional collaboration in the San Francisco Bay Area to prepare the next generation for the cloud workforce. AWS also announced its first international AWS Educate Cloud Degree    collaborations in the U.K. and Bahrain. AWS Educate’s Cloud Degree initiative aims to provide full cloud degree offerings, cloud specializations, and STEM pathways for K-12, community colleges, and universities; opening up opportunities for students in high-demand cloud computing and data science fields. AWS Educate members include hundreds of thousands of students, over 10,000 educators, and over 2,400 academic institutions in over 200 countries and territories.  , Financial Guidance The following forward-looking statements reflect Amazon.com’s expectations as of October 24, 2019, and are subject to substantial uncertainty. Our results are inherently unpredictable and may be materially affected by many factors, such as fluctuations in foreign exchange rates, changes in global economic conditions and customer spending, world events, the rate of growth of the Internet, online commerce, and cloud services, and the various factors detailed below. , Fourth Quarter 2019 Guidance •  Net sales are expected to be between $80.0 billion and $86.5 billion, or to grow between 11% and 20% compared with fourth quarter 2018. This guidance anticipates an unfavorable impact of approximately 80 basis points from foreign exchange rates. •  Operating income is expected to be between $1.2 billion and $2.9 billion, compared with $3.8 billion in fourth quarter 2018. •  This guidance assumes, among other things, that no additional business acquisitions, investments, restructurings, or legal settlements are concluded.  , A conference call will be webcast live today at 2:30 p.m. PT/5:30 p.m. ET, and will be available for at least three months at amazon.com/ir. This call will contain forward-looking statements and other material information regarding the Company’s financial and operating results.  , These forward-looking statements are inherently difficult to predict. Actual results could differ materially for a variety of reasons, including, in addition to the factors discussed above, the amount that Amazon.com invests in new business opportunities and the timing of those investments, the mix of products and services sold to customers, the mix of net sales derived from products as compared with services, the extent to which we owe income or other taxes, competition, management of growth, potential fluctuations in operating results, international growth and expansion, the outcomes of legal proceedings and claims, fulfillment, sortation, delivery, and data center optimization, risks of inventory management, seasonality, the degree to which the Company enters into, maintains, and develops commercial agreements, proposed and completed acquisitions and strategic transactions, payments risks, and risks of fulfillment throughput and productivity. Other risks and uncertainties include, among others, risks related to new products, services, and technologies, system interruptions, government regulation and taxation, and fraud. In addition, the current global economic climate amplifies many of these risks. More information about factors that potentially could affect Amazon.com’s financial results is included in Amazon.com’s filings with the , Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), including its most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and subsequent filings.  , Our investor relations website is amazon.com/ir and we encourage investors to use it as a way of easily finding information about us. We promptly make available on this website, free of charge, the reports that we file or furnish with the SEC, corporate governance information (including our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics), and select press releases, which may contain material information about us, and you may subscribe to be notified of new information posted to this site. , About Amazon Amazon is guided by four principles: customer obsession rather than competitor focus, passion for invention, commitment to operational excellence, and long-term thinking. Customer reviews, 1-Click shopping, personalized recommendations, Prime, , Fulfillment by Amazon, AWS, Kindle Direct Publishing, Kindle, Fire tablets, Fire TV, Amazon Echo, and Alexa are some of the products and services pioneered by Amazon. For more information, visit amazon.com/about and follow @AmazonNews.    , AMAZON.COM, INC. , Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (in millions) (unaudited)    Three Months Ended , September 30,  Nine Months Ended , September 30,  Twelve Months Ended , September 30,  2018  2019  2018  2019  2018  2019                     CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND RESTRICTED CASH, BEGINNING OF PERIOD $ 20,536  $ 22,965  $ 21,856  $ 32,173  $ 13,960  $ 21,032 , OPERATING ACTIVITIES:            Net income 2,883  2,134  7,046  8,320  8,902  11,347 Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash from operating activities:            , Depreciation and amortization of property and equipment and capitalized content costs, operating lease assets, and other 3,778  5,563  11,079  15,619  14,577  19,881 , Stock-based compensation 1,350  1,779  4,001  5,024  5,180  6,441 Other operating expense (income), net 62  47  202  114  258  186 Other expense (income), net 96  388  22  246  17  443 Deferred income taxes 266  92  268  612  (40)  784 , Changes in operating assets and liabilities:            Inventories (1,094)  (381)  36  (1,762)  (2,220)  (3,112) Accounts receivable, net and other (2,884)  (1,181)  (3,220)  (3,776)  (5,983)  (5,172) Accounts payable 3,894  226  (3,618)  (2,490)  5,285  4,393 Accrued expenses and other 237  (722)  (2,193)  (4,277)  (131)  (1,612) Unearned revenue —  (53)  623  1,225  759  1,753 , Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities 8,588  7,892  14,246  18,855  26,604  35,332 INVESTING ACTIVITIES:            Purchases of property and equipment (3,352)  (4,697)  (9,693)  (11,549)  (13,312)  (15,282) Proceeds from property and equipment sales and incentives 825  1,312  1,490  2,800  2,073  3,414 Acquisitions, net of cash acquired, and other (976)  (398)  (1,855)  (1,684)  (1,936)  (2,015) Sales and maturities of marketable securities 1,964  7,251  6,301  15,056  9,787  16,994 Purchases of marketable securities (4,033)  (8,542)  (5,040)  (25,368)  (7,390)  (27,428) , Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities (5,572)  (5,074)  (8,797)  (20,745)  (10,778)  (24,317) FINANCING ACTIVITIES:            Proceeds from long-term debt and other 143  702  363  1,175  472  1,581 Repayments of long-term debt and other (183)  (355)  (533)  (819)  (1,675)  (953) Principal repayments of finance leases (2,247)  (2,307)  (5,544)  (6,848)  (7,016)  (8,754) Principal repayments of financing obligations (82)  —  (211)  (3)  (277)  (129) , Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities (2,369)  (1,960)  (5,925)  (6,495)  (8,496)  (8,255) Foreign currency effect on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash (151)  (269)  (348)  (234)  (258)  (238) , Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash 496  589  (824)  (8,619)  7,072  2,522 CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND RESTRICTED CASH, END OF PERIOD $ 21,032  $ 23,554  $ 21,032  $ 23,554  $ 21,032  $ 23,554 , SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION:            Cash paid for interest on long-term debt $ 283  $ 287  $ 733  $ 720  $ 907  $ 842 Cash paid for operating leases —  872  —  2,420  —  2,420 Cash paid for interest on finance leases 118  167  277  481  335  585 Cash paid for interest on financing obligations 47  14  142  20  168  72 Cash paid for income taxes, net of refunds 200  241  1,013  692  1,106  863 Assets acquired under operating leases —  2,299  —  5,393  —  5,393 Property and equipment acquired under finance leases 2,329  3,606  6,934  9,541  9,704  13,222 Property and equipment acquired under build-to-suit arrangements 962  390  2,498  1,109  3,340  2,252 ______________________________    , On January 1, 2019, we adopted accounting guidance amending the accounting for leases, which did not have a material impact on our 2019 operating results. Prior period amounts were not retrospectively adjusted. Under this new guidance, leases we previously referred to as “capital leases” are now referred to as “finance leases.” Leases we previously referred to as “finance leases” are now referred to as “financing obligations.”    , AMAZON.COM, INC. , Consolidated Statements of Operations (in millions, except per share data) (unaudited)   Three Months Ended , September 30,  Nine Months Ended , September 30,  2018  2019  2018  2019               Net product sales $ 33,746  $ 39,726  $ 97,215  $ 109,866 , Net service sales 22,830  30,255  63,289  83,220 , Total net sales 56,576  69,981  160,504  193,086 , Operating expenses:        , Cost of sales 33,003  41,302  94,370  111,559 , Fulfillment 8,275  10,167  23,999  28,040 , Marketing 3,303  4,752  8,902  12,707 , Technology and content 7,162  9,200  21,168  26,191 , General and administrative 1,041  1,348  3,219  3,791 , Other operating expense (income), net 68  55  211  136 , Total operating expenses 52,852  66,824  151,869  182,424 , Operating income 3,724  3,157  8,635  10,662 , Interest income 117  224  290  621 , Interest expense (358)  (396)  (1,030)  (1,145) , Other income (expense), net (93)  (353)  16  (215) , Total non-operating income (expense) (334)  (525)  (724)  (739) , Income before income taxes 3,390  2,632  7,911  9,923 , Provision for income taxes (508)  (494)  (870)  (1,588) , Equity-method investment activity, net of tax 1  (4)  5  (15) , Net income $ 2,883  $ 2,134  $ 7,046  $ 8,320 , Basic earnings per share $ 5.91  $ 4.31  $ 14.49  $ 16.87 , Diluted earnings per share $ 5.75  $ 4.23  $ 14.10  $ 16.53 , Weighted-average shares used in computation of earnings per share:        , Basic 488  495  486  493 , Diluted 501  504  500  503     , AMAZON.COM, INC. , Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (in millions) (unaudited)   Three Months Ended , September 30,  Nine Months Ended , September 30,  2018  2019  2018  2019               Net income $ 2,883  $ 2,134  $ 7,046  $ 8,320 , Other comprehensive income (loss):        , Net change in foreign currency translation adjustments:        , Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax of $2, $1, $19, and $(6) (101)  (368)  (512)  (369) , Reclassification adjustment for foreign currency translation included in “Other operating expense (income), net,” net of tax of $0, $29, $0, and $29 —  (108)  —  (108) , Net foreign currency translation adjustments (101)  (476)  (512)  (477) , Net change in unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale debt securities:        , Unrealized gains (losses), net of tax of $0, $(2), $8, and $(13) —  9  (43)  85 , Reclassification adjustment for losses (gains) included in “Other income (expense), net,” net of tax of $0, $0, $0, and $0 1  (2)  5  (2) , Net unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale debt securities 1  7  (38)  83 , Total other comprehensive income (loss) (100)  (469)  (550)  (394) , Comprehensive income $ 2,783  $ 1,665  $ 6,496  $ 7,926      , AMAZON.COM, INC. , Segment Information (in millions) (unaudited)   Three Months Ended , September 30,  Nine Months Ended , September 30,  2018  2019  2018  2019               North America        , ...]</td>\n","    </tr>\n","    <tr>\n","      <th>1</th>\n","      <td>Amazon-Q4-2019-Earnings-Release</td>\n","      <td>[Microsoft Word - AMZN-2019.12.31-EX99.1 (10)     , AMAZON.COM ANNOUNCES FOURTH QUARTER SALES UP 21% TO $87.4 BILLION , SEATTLE—(BUSINESS WIRE) January 30, 2020—Amazon.com, Inc. (NASDAQ: AMZN) today announced financial results for its fourth quarter ended December 31, 2019. , Operating cash flow increased 25% to $38.5 billion for the trailing twelve months, compared with $30.7 billion for the trailing twelve months ended December 31, 2018. Free cash flow increased to $25.8 billion for the trailing twelve months, compared with $19.4 billion for the trailing twelve months ended December 31, 2018. Free cash flow less principal repayments of finance leases and financing obligations increased to $16.2 billion for the trailing twelve months, compared with $11.6 billion for the trailing twelve months ended December 31, 2018. Free cash flow less equipment finance leases and principal repayments of all other finance leases and financing obligations increased to $12.5 billion for the trailing twelve months, compared with $8.4 billion for the trailing twelve months ended December 31, 2018. , Common shares outstanding plus shares underlying stock-based awards totaled 512 million on December 31, 2019, compared with 507 million one year ago. , Fourth Quarter 2019 , Net sales increased 21% to $87.4 billion in the fourth quarter, compared with $72.4 billion in fourth quarter 2018. Excluding the $120 million unfavorable impact from year-over-year changes in foreign exchange rates throughout the quarter, net sales increased 21% compared with fourth quarter 2018. , Operating income increased to $3.9 billion in the fourth quarter, compared with operating income of $3.8 billion in fourth quarter 2018. , Net income increased to $3.3 billion in the fourth quarter, or $6.47 per diluted share, compared with net income of $3.0 billion, or $6.04 per diluted share, in fourth quarter 2018. , Full Year 2019 , Net sales increased 20% to $280.5 billion, compared with $232.9 billion in 2018. Excluding the $2.6 billion unfavorable impact from year-over-year changes in foreign exchange rates throughout the year, net sales increased 22% compared with 2018. , Operating income increased to $14.5 billion, compared with operating income of $12.4 billion in 2018. , Net income increased to $11.6 billion, or $23.01 per diluted share, compared with net income of $10.1 billion, or $20.14 per diluted share, in 2018. “Prime membership continues to get better for customers year after year. And customers are responding — more people joined Prime this quarter than ever before, and we now have over 150 million paid Prime members around the world,” said Jeff Bezos, Amazon founder and CEO. “We’ve made Prime delivery faster — the number of items delivered to U.S. customers with Prime’s free one-day and same-day delivery more than quadrupled this quarter compared to last year. Members now have free two-hour grocery delivery from Amazon Fresh and Whole Foods Market in more than 2,000 U.S. cities and towns. Prime members watched double the hours of original movies and TV shows on Prime Video this quarter compared to last year, and Amazon Originals received a record 88 nominations and 26 wins at major awards shows. A huge thank you to teams across Amazon for their dedicated work to build, innovate, and deliver for customers this holiday.” , Highlights  •  During this holiday season, customers ordered billions of items worldwide, including tens of millions of Amazon devices. Best-selling devices this holiday were Echo Dot, Fire TV Stick 4K with Alexa Voice Remote, and Echo Show 5.     •  Amazon announced that delivery through Amazon Fresh, which was previously $14.99 a month, is now a free benefit for Prime members. Members in more than 2,000 U.S. cities and towns can access free two-hour grocery delivery from Amazon Fresh and Whole Foods Market. Grocery delivery orders from Amazon Fresh and Whole Foods Market more than doubled in the fourth quarter year-over-year. •  Amazon announced Alexa integrations with new automotive brands at CES 2020. Fiat Chrysler Automobiles is adding Alexa to the newest version of its infotainment system for cars, Uconnect 5.0, Lamborghini is adding Alexa to its Huracan Evo range, and Rivian is integrating Alexa into its electric vehicle lineup, including its upcoming fleet of 100,000 all-electric Amazon delivery vans.  •  Alexa continues to get smarter and make customers’ lives easier with new features, including medication reminders and voice refills, BuzzFeed Tasty recipe videos, the ability to pay utility bills, and purchase fuel at more than 11,500 Exxon and Mobil stations. Customers can also enjoy even more entertainment options for Alexa including content from Spotify Free, Spotify Podcasts, Apple Podcasts, SiriusXM’s On Demand library, and Tubi TV. Additionally customers can say “Alexa, why did you do that?” to hear short explanations about her response. •  Amazon announced additional companies joined the Voice Interoperability Initiative, a program to ensure voice-enabled products provide customers with choice and flexibility through multiple, interoperable voice services. New participants include automakers such as Audi and Volkswagen; brands such as Acer, BBC, Hisense, TIM, TiVo, and Vestel; and technology brands Aspinity, Syntiant, and Vesper.  •  Amazon announced there are now hundreds of millions of Alexa-enabled devices in customers’ hands and customers interact with Alexa billions of times each week. Customers rely on Alexa to control smart home devices hundreds of millions of times each week, and can enjoy new features including the ability to pause or resume Wi-Fi access in their home using voice. •  Fire TV now has more than 40 million active users worldwide. Amazon announced the new Fire TV Edition at CES 2020, which includes a set of tools, features, and services that make it even easier for developers, operators, device makers, and manufacturers to integrate Fire TV into their products. BMW and Fiat Chrysler Automobiles are among the first automakers to introduce Fire TV in their future vehicles.  •  Fire TV announced the expansion of Fire TV Edition Smart TVs in India with Onida, adding to the growing list of Fire TV Edition Smart TVs and soundbars from brands like Toshiba, Insignia, and Grundig. Fire TV added more content for customers, including apps from Disney+, Apple TV, and Peloton.  •  Amazon released several new products and services designed for kids, including the all-new Fire HD 10 Kids Edition, Kindle Kids Edition, Echo Glow, and expansion of FreeTime on Alexa to Echo Show devices — enabling kids to watch age-appropriate videos, make video calls with approved family and friends, take photos and add stickers, and more.  •  Ring announced several new products and features, including additions to its smart lighting lineup and the all-new Control Center, a new, easy-to-use dashboard where customers can view and control privacy and security settings.  Ring also launched Ring Alarm in the U.K., as well as the all-new Indoor Cam and Stick Up Cam in several countries such as Canada, Australia, New Zealand, the U.K., France, Germany, Italy, and Spain.  •  Amazon Original series Hunters will premiere on Prime Video on February 21st. Produced by Academy Award-winner Jordan Peele and starring Academy Award-winner Al Pacino, Hunters follows a diverse band of Nazi hunters living in 1977 New York City. Prime Video debuted several Original series and movies last quarter including The Report, The Aeronauts, The Kacey Musgraves Christmas Special, The Expanse, as well as the return of The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel, Tom Clancy’s Jack Ryan, and the final season of The Man in the High Castle. •  Prime Video received eight Golden Globe Award nominations, with Fleabag winning Best Television Series, Musical or Comedy, as well as Best Performance by an Actress in a Television Series, Musical or Comedy, for Phoebe Waller-Bridge. •  Amazon Music has more than 55 million customers worldwide. Collectively, in the U.S., U.K., Germany, and Japan, Amazon Music customers have grown nearly 50% year-over-year; and in newer marketplaces France, Italy, Spain, and Mexico, Amazon Music customers more than doubled in 2019. Additionally, Amazon Music Unlimited subscribers grew more than 50% in 2019.  •  Amazon announced that free returns can now be made at more than 18,000 drop-off locations in the U.S., including Amazon Books and Amazon 4-star stores, Amazon Hub locations, Kohl’s, select Whole Foods Market stores, UPS, and more. In support of Amazon’s commitment to sustainability, more than 5,800 locations now offer label-free and box-free returns, limiting the amount of packaging used. •  Since launching Prime in September, Brazil has seen the fastest growth in paid Prime members in Amazon’s history. Selection on amazon.com.br continues to expand and now includes millions of items, and in December the country opened its fourth fulfillment center to support growth. Additionally, Prime Video announced four new original productions for 2020, and will debut All or Nothing: Brazil National Football Team on January 31st. •  Amazon pledged to invest $1 billion to help digitize traders and micro, small, and medium-sized businesses (MSMBs) across India, with the goal of bringing more than 10 million MSMBs online by 2025. Today, there are more than    , 550,000 sellers on the Amazon India marketplace, more than 60,000 Indian manufacturers and brands are exporting their “Make in India” products to customers worldwide on Amazon, and we expect our new $1 billion investment to enable $10 billion in cumulative Indian exports by 2025.  •  Since launching amazon.in in 2013, Amazon has created more than 700,000 direct and indirect jobs in India. In January, Amazon announced plans to create an additional one million jobs in India by 2025, with continued investments in technology, infrastructure, and logistics. Since 2014, Amazon has grown its employee base more than four times, and last year inaugurated its new campus building in Hyderabad — Amazon’s first fully-owned campus outside the United States and the largest building globally in terms of employees and space. •  Amazon India announced it will have 10,000 electric vehicles in its delivery fleet by 2025. This investment is part of Amazon’s recent co-founding of The Climate Pledge, a commitment to meet the Paris Agreement 10 years early by achieving net zero carbon emissions by 2040. •  Amazon Business launched in Canada and now serves commercial and public sector organizations of all sizes in Canada and eight other countries, including the U.S., U.K., Germany, France, Italy, Spain, Japan, and India. Amazon Business also launched Business Prime in Canada. Business Prime offers member-only benefits to help save time and money, in addition to unlimited fast, free shipping on eligible items for every member on the account. •  Amazon Fashion produced its first holiday catalog featuring influencers Louise Roe, Ayana Iman Gibbs, Tylynn Nguyen, and their families in our favorite holiday looks. Additionally, Amazon Fashion and Amazon Home partnered with Refinery29 to open a holiday pop-up shop in New York City showcasing selection for the whole family. •  Amazon Fashion continues to increase its assortment with the introduction of new brands, such as Tissot, Swatch, and Vineyard Vines, as well as the expansion of the Amazon brand, Goodthreads, which now offers women’s styles. •  In 2019, authors earned more than $300 million from the Kindle Direct Publishing (KDP) Select Global Fund, totaling more than $1.1 billion since the launch of Kindle Unlimited. Millions of independent authors have self-published millions of books through KDP since launching the service in 2007. Additionally, thousands of independent authors earned more than $50,000, with more than a thousand surpassing $100,000 in royalties in 2019 through KDP. •  Independent third-party sellers — mostly small and medium-sized businesses — sold more than a billion items during the holiday season, including more than 100 million items shipped with Prime Free One-Day Delivery. Amazon also announced nine winners of the Small Business Spotlight Awards in the U.K., Germany, and the U.S., including Small Business of the Year winners Gamely Games in the U.K., Snocks in Germany, and nutpods in the U.S.  •  Amazon was recognized by the Drucker Institute as the #1 Best-Managed Company of 2019, based on a study that measures corporate performance across customer satisfaction, employee engagement and development, innovation, social responsibility, and financial strength. Amazon received a perfect score on the Human Rights Campaign’s 2020 Corporate Equality Index and the designation of being a “Best Place to Work for LGBTQ Equality.”  Employers earning top ratings took steps to ensure greater equity for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) workers and their families in the form of comprehensive policies, benefits, and practices. •  Amazon announced six new renewable energy projects across the U.S. and Europe that will support Amazon’s commitment to The Climate Pledge to be net zero carbon by 2040 and supply renewable energy for the company’s fulfillment network and Amazon Web Services (AWS) data centers. To date, Amazon has launched over 70 renewable energy projects that will provide over 1,900 MW of renewable capacity and are projected to deliver more than 5.3 million MWh of renewable energy annually. •  This holiday season, Amazon surprised hundreds of charities across the U.S. by donating hundreds of thousands of items from their AmazonSmile Charity Lists, including more than 5,000 blankets, sheets, and pillows; more than 30,000 toys and educational items for kids; more than 40,000 apparel items; and more than 60,000 pantry items. •  AWS announced several significant new customer commitments and migrations during the quarter spanning major industries, including finance with Western Union, FINRA CAT, LLC, a subsidiary of FINRA (Financial Industry Regulatory Authority), and Klarna, a leading global payments provider and bank; media with Fox Corporation, and ProSiebenSat.1 Media SE, Europe’s leading satellite and cable broadcaster; sports with a new player health and safety initiative with the NFL, the Seattle Seahawks, Bundesliga, Germany’s premier football league, and Formula One Group; energy with BP; pharmaceuticals with Novartis; and hospitality with Best Western Hotels &amp; Resorts, among others.  •  AWS announced three Arm-based instances (M6g, C6g, R6g) powered by AWS’s new Graviton2 processors, that deliver up to 40% better price and performance than current x86 processor-based instances. These new Arm-based instances are powered by the AWS Nitro System, a combination of dedicated hardware and lightweight hypervisor, enabling faster innovation and enhanced security for customers at a much lower cost.  •  AWS announced the general availability of AWS Outposts, a fully-managed service that extends AWS infrastructure and services to virtually any data center, co-location space, or on-premises facility. AWS Outposts offers customers the same AWS hardware infrastructure, services, APIs, and tools to build and run applications on premises and in the cloud for a truly consistent hybrid experience. AWS compute, storage, database, and other services run locally on    , Outposts, and customers can access the full range of AWS services available in the region to build, manage, and scale on-premises applications using familiar AWS services and tools. •  AWS announced AWS Local Zones, a new type of AWS infrastructure deployment that places AWS compute, storage, database, and other select services closer to large population, industry, and IT centers where no AWS Region exists today. With the opening of the first AWS Local Zone in Los Angeles (LA), developers will have the ability to deploy applications that require single-digit millisecond latencies to end-users also in LA. AWS Local Zone customers will be able to use their compute, storage, database, and other select services locally in LA, while also being able to seamlessly connect back to the rest of their workloads running in the AWS U.S. West (Oregon) Region or other AWS Regions a customer may be using.  •  AWS announced AWS Wavelength, which enables developers to build applications that deliver single-digit millisecond latencies to mobile devices and users by deploying AWS compute and storage at the edge of the 5G network. With AWS Wavelength, developers can serve use cases that require ultra-low latency like machine learning inference at the edge, autonomous industrial equipment, smart cars and cities, Internet of Things (IoT), and Augmented and Virtual Reality. AWS is partnering with Verizon on making AWS Wavelength available across the U.S., and is collaborating with other leading telecommunications companies, including Vodafone and SK Telecom, to launch AWS Wavelength across Europe and South Korea in 2020, with more global partners coming soon. •  AWS announced six new capabilities for Amazon SageMaker, a fully-managed service that removes the heavy lifting from each step of the machine learning process. Amazon SageMaker Studio is the first fully integrated development environment for machine learning that makes it easier for developers to build, debug, train, deploy, monitor, and operate custom machine learning models; Amazon SageMaker Notebooks allows developers to spin up elastic machine learning notebooks in seconds, and automates the process of sharing notebooks with a single-click; Amazon SageMaker Experiments helps developers visualize and compare machine learning model iterations, training parameters, and outcomes; Amazon SageMaker Autopilot allows developers to submit simple data in CSV files and have machine learning models automatically generated, with full visibility to how the models are created so developers can evolve them over time; Amazon SageMaker Debugger provides real-time monitoring for machine learning models to improve predictive accuracy, reduce training times, and facilitate greater explainability; and Amazon SageMaker Model Monitor detects concept drift to discover when the performance of a model running in production begins to deviate from the original trained model.  •  AWS announced five new artificial intelligence (AI) services designed to put machine learning in the hands of more developers — with no machine learning experience required. Amazon Kendra reinvents enterprise search by using natural language processing and other machine learning techniques to unite multiple data silos inside an enterprise and consistently provide high-quality results to common queries instead of a random list of links in response to keyword queries; Amazon CodeGuru helps software developers automate code reviews and identify an application’s most expensive lines of code; Amazon Fraud Detector helps businesses identify online identity and payment fraud in real time, based on the same technology developed for Amazon.com; Amazon Transcribe Medical offers healthcare providers highly accurate, real-time speech-to-text transcription so they can focus on patient care; and Amazon Augmented Artificial Intelligence (A2I) helps developers validate machine learning predictions through human confirmation. •  AWS announced a set of machine learning-powered analytics capabilities for Amazon Connect called Contact Lens, which make it easier for businesses to identify customer issues and trends, search call and chat transcripts, and improve agent performance. Amazon Connect offers customers a fully-managed cloud contact center service. Now with Contact Lens, Amazon Connect customers have the ability to understand the sentiment, trends, and compliance of their own customer conversations to improve the experience and identify crucial feedback, with no machine learning experience required. •  AWS announced significant new analytics capabilities in Redshift that provide an order of magnitude better query performance, deliver greater flexibility, and help customers embrace data at scale. Amazon Redshift RA3 instances allow customers to optimize their data warehouse by scaling and paying for compute and storage independently, so they can choose the number of instances they need based on their data warehousing workload’s performance requirements, and only pay for the managed storage that they use; AQUA (Advanced Query Accelerator) for Amazon Redshift is a new distributed and hardware-accelerated cache that brings compute to the storage layer, so data doesn’t have to move back and forth between the two, giving customers up to 10x better query performance than other cloud data warehouse provider; Amazon Redshift Data Lake Export allows customers to export data directly from Amazon Redshift to Amazon S3 in an open data format optimized for analytics; and Amazon Redshift Federated Query lets customers analyze data across their Amazon Redshift data warehouse, Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3) Data Lake, and Amazon RDS and Aurora databases.  •  AWS announced a new innovative highly-scalable, cost-saving warm storage tier for Amazon Elasticsearch Service called UltraWarm that makes it easier for customers to retain any amount of current and historical log data at up to    one-tenth the current cost and is 80% less than the cost of warm-tier storage from other managed Elasticsearch offerings. •  AWS announced Amazon Managed (Apache) Cassandra Service, a scalable, highly available, and fully-managed database service that supports Cassandra workloads. Developers can use the same Cassandra application code, Apache 2.0 licensed drivers, and tools as they do today to run, manage, and scale workloads on Amazon Managed Cassandra Service without having to worry about managing the underlying infrastructure. And, because it’s serverless, it also removes the need to provision, configure, and operate large Cassandra clusters, manually add or remove nodes, and rebalance partitions as traffic scales up or down.  •  AWS announced three new services and capabilities that make it easier for customers to build and operate securely. Amazon Detective analyzes trillions of data points, using machine learning, statistical analysis, and graph theory to make it easier to visualize and conduct faster and more efficient security investigations; AWS IAM Access Analyzer makes it simple for security teams and administrators to audit resource policies for unintended access by analyzing hundreds or even thousands of policies across a customer’s environment in seconds, and delivering detailed findings about resources that are accessible from outside the account; and AWS Nitro Enclaves is a new Amazon EC2 capability that makes it easy for customers in healthcare, financial services, energy, media and entertainment, and other data-intensive industries to process highly sensitive data, like personally identifiable information and intellectual property on their compute instances, particularly from internal threats within their own accounts.  •  AWS announced that customers can start using AWS Fargate for Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (EKS), making it easier for customers to run Kubernetes applications on AWS. AWS Fargate, which provides serverless computing for containers, has substantially changed the way developers manage and deploy their containers. Launched two years ago to work with Amazon Elastic Container Service (ECS), AWS Fargate has been broadly requested by Kubernetes customers. Now, with AWS Fargate for Amazon EKS, customers can run Kubernetes-based applications on AWS without the need to manage servers and clusters.  •  AWS announced three key initiatives as a part of its plans to help advance quantum computing technologies. Amazon Braket is a new, fully-managed AWS service that enables scientists, researchers, and developers to begin experimenting with computers from quantum hardware providers (including D-Wave, IonQ, and Rigetti) in a single place; AWS Center for Quantum Computing will bring together quantum computing experts from Amazon, the California Institute of Technology (Caltech), and other top academic research institutions to collaborate on the research and development of new quantum computing technologies; and the Amazon Quantum Solutions Lab connects customers with quantum computing experts from Amazon and its partners to develop internal expertise aimed at identifying practical uses of quantum computing, and accelerating the development of quantum applications with meaningful impact.  , Financial Guidance The following forward-looking statements reflect Amazon.com’s expectations as of January 30, 2020, and are subject to substantial uncertainty. Our results are inherently unpredictable and may be materially affected by many factors, such as fluctuations in foreign exchange rates, changes in global economic conditions and customer spending, world events, the rate of growth of the Internet, online commerce, and cloud services, and the various factors detailed below. , First Quarter 2020 Guidance •  Net sales are expected to be between $69.0 billion and $73.0 billion, or to grow between 16% and 22% compared with first quarter 2019. This guidance anticipates a favorable impact of approximately 5 basis points from foreign exchange rates. •  Operating income is expected to be between $3.0 billion and $4.2 billion, compared with $4.4 billion in first quarter 2019. This guidance includes approximately $800 million lower depreciation expense due to an increase in the estimated useful life of our servers beginning on January 1, 2020. •  This guidance assumes, among other things, that no additional business acquisitions, investments, restructurings, or legal settlements are concluded.  A conference call will be webcast live today at 2:30 p.m. PT/5:30 p.m. ET, and will be available for at least three months at amazon.com/ir. This call will contain forward-looking statements and other material information regarding the Company’s financial and operating results.  These forward-looking statements are inherently difficult to predict. Actual results could differ materially for a variety of reasons, including, in addition to the factors discussed above, the amount that Amazon.com invests in new business opportunities and the timing of those investments, the mix of products and services sold to customers, the mix of net sales    derived from products as compared with services, the extent to which we owe income or other taxes, competition, management of growth, potential fluctuations in operating results, international growth and expansion, the outcomes of claims, litigation, government investigations, and other proceedings, fulfillment, sortation, delivery, and data center optimization, risks of inventory management, seasonality, the degree to which the Company enters into, maintains, and develops commercial agreements, proposed and completed acquisitions and strategic transactions, payments risks, and risks of fulfillment throughput and productivity. Other risks and uncertainties include, among others, risks related to new products, services, and technologies, system interruptions, government regulation and taxation, and fraud. In addition, the global economic climate amplifies many of these risks. More information about factors that potentially could affect Amazon.com’s financial results is included in Amazon.com’s filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), including its most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and subsequent filings.  Our investor relations website is amazon.com/ir and we encourage investors to use it as a way of easily finding information about us. We promptly make available on this website, free of charge, the reports that we file or furnish with the SEC, corporate governance information (including our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics), and select press releases, which may contain material information about us, and you may subscribe to be notified of new information posted to this site. , About Amazon Amazon is guided by four principles: customer obsession rather than competitor focus, passion for invention, commitment to operational excellence, and long-term thinking. Customer reviews, 1-Click shopping, personalized recommendations, Prime, Fulfillment by Amazon, AWS, Kindle Direct Publishing, Kindle, Fire tablets, Fire TV, Amazon Echo, and Alexa are some of the products and services pioneered by Amazon. For more information, visit amazon.com/about and follow @AmazonNews.    , AMAZON.COM, INC. Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (in millions) (unaudited)    Three Months Ended , December 31,  Twelve Months Ended , December 31,  2018  2019  2018  2019             CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND RESTRICTED CASH, BEGINNING OF PERIOD $ 21,032  $ 23,554  $ 21,856  $ 32,173 OPERATING ACTIVITIES:        Net income 3,027  3,268  10,073  11,588 Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash from operating activities:        , Depreciation and amortization of property and equipment and capitalized content costs, operating lease assets, and other 4,262  6,170  15,341  21,789 , Stock-based compensation 1,417  1,840  5,418  6,864 Other operating expense (income), net 72  50  274  164 Other expense (income), net 197  (494)  219  (249) Deferred income taxes 173  185  441  796 , Changes in operating assets and liabilities:        Inventories (1,350)  (1,516)  (1,314)  (3,278) Accounts receivable, net and other (1,395)  (3,906)  (4,615)  (7,681) Accounts payable 6,882  10,683  3,263  8,193 Accrued expenses and other 2,665  2,894  472  (1,383) Unearned revenue 528  485  1,151  1,711 , Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities 16,478  19,659  30,723  38,514 INVESTING ACTIVITIES:        Purchases of property and equipment (3,733)  (5,312)  (13,427)  (16,861) Proceeds from property and equipment sales and incentives 614  1,371  2,104  4,172 Acquisitions, net of cash acquired, and other (331)  (777)  (2,186)  (2,461) Sales and maturities of marketable securities 1,938  7,626  8,240  22,681 Purchases of marketable securities (2,060)  (6,444)  (7,100)  (31,812) , Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities (3,572)  (3,536)  (12,369)  (24,281) FINANCING ACTIVITIES:        Proceeds from long-term debt and other 406  1,098  768  2,273 Repayments of long-term debt and other (134)  (1,865)  (668)  (2,684) Principal repayments of finance leases (1,906)  (2,780)  (7,449)  (9,628) Principal repayments of financing obligations (126)  (24)  (337)  (27) , Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities (1,760)  (3,571)  (7,686)  (10,066) Foreign currency effect on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash (5)  304  (351)  70 , Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash 11,141  12,856  10,317  4,237 CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND RESTRICTED CASH, END OF PERIOD $ 32,173  $ 36,410  $ 32,173  $ 36,410 , SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION:        Cash paid for interest on long-term debt $ 121  $ 155  $ 854  $ 875 Cash paid for operating leases —  941  —  3,361 Cash paid for interest on finance leases 103  166  381  647 Cash paid for interest on financing obligations 53  19  194  39 Cash paid for income taxes, net of refunds 171  188  1,184  881 Assets acquired under operating leases —  2,476  —  7,870 Property and equipment acquired under finance leases 3,680  4,182  10,615  13,723 Property and equipment acquired under build-to-suit arrangements 1,143  252  3,641  1,362 ______________________________ On January 1, 2019, we adopted accounting guidance amending the accounting for leases, which did not have a material impact on our 2019 operating results. Prior period amounts were not retrospectively adjusted. Under this new guidance, leases we previously referred to as “capital leases” are now referred to as “finance leases.” Leases we previously referred to as “finance leases” are now referred to as “financing obligations.”    , AMAZON.COM, INC. Consolidated Statements of Operations (in millions, except per share data) (unaudited)   Three Months Ended , December 31,  Twelve Months Ended , December 31,  2018  2019  2018  2019               Net product sales $ 44,700  $ 50,542  $ 141,915  $ 160,408 , Net service sales 27,683  36,895  90,972  120,114 , Total net sales 72,383  87,437  232,887  280,522 , Operating expenses:        , Cost of sales 44,786  53,977  139,156  165,536 , Fulfillment 10,028  12,192  34,027  40,232 , Technology and content 7,669  9,740  28,837  35,931 , Marketing 4,911  6,172  13,814  18,878 , General and administrative 1,117  1,412  4,336  5,203 , Other operating expense (income), net 86  65  296  201 , Total operating expenses 68,597  83,558  220,466  265,981 , Operating income 3,786  3,879  12,421  14,541 , Interest income 150  211  440  832 , Interest expense (387)  (455)  (1,417)  (1,600) , Other income (expense), net (199)  418  (183)  203 , Total non-operating income (expense) (436)  174  (1,160)  (565) , Income before income taxes 3,350  4,053  11,261  13,976 , Provision for income taxes (327)  (786)  (1,197)  (2,374) , Equity-method investment activity, net of tax 4  1  9  (14) , Net income $ 3,027  $ 3,268  $ 10,073  $ 11,588 , Basic earnings per share $ 6.18  $ 6.58  $ 20.68  $ 23.46 , Diluted earnings per share $ 6.04  $ 6.47  $ 20.14  $ 23.01 , Weighted-average shares used in computation of earnings per share:        , Basic 490  496  487  494 , Diluted 501  505  500  504     , AMAZON.COM, INC. Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (in millions) (unaudited)   Three Months Ended , December 31,  Twelve Months Ended , December 31,  2018  2019  2018  2019               Net income $ 3,027  $ 3,268  $ 10,073  $ 11,588 , Other comprehensive income (loss):        , Net change in foreign currency translation adjustments:        , Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax of $(13), $1, $6, and $(5) (25)  447  (538)  78 , Reclassification adjustment for foreign currency translation included in “Other operating expense (income), net,” net of tax of $0, $0, $0, and $29 —  —  —  (108) , Net foreign currency translation adjustments (25)  447  (538)  (30) , Net change in unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale debt securities:        , Unrealized gains (losses), net of tax of $0, $1, $0, and $(12) 5  (2)  (17)  83 , Reclassification adjustment for losses (gains) included in “Other income (expense), net,” net of tax of $0, $0, $0, and $0 2  (2)  8  (4) , Net unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale debt securities 7  (4)  (9)  79 , Total other comprehensive income (loss) (18)  443  (547)  49 , Comprehensive income $ 3,009  $ 3,711  $ 9,526  $ 11,637      , AMAZON.COM, INC. Segment Information (in millions) (unaudited)   Three Months Ended , December 31,  Twelve Months Ended , December 31,  2018  2019  2018  2019               North America        , Net sales $ 44,124  $ 53,670  $ 141,366  $ 170,773 , Operating expenses 41,873  51,770  134,099  163,740 , Operating income $ 2,251  $ 1,900  $ 7,267  $ 7,033         International        , Net sales $ 20,829  $ 23,813  $ 65,866  $ 74,723 , Operating expenses 21,471  24,430  68,008  76,416 , Operating income (loss) $ (642)  $ (617)  $ (2,142)  $ (1,693)         AWS        , Net sales $ 7,430  $ 9,954  $ 25,655  $ 35,026 , Operating expenses 5,253  7,358  18,359  25,825 , Operating income $ 2,177  $ 2,596  $ 7,296  $ 9,201         Consolidated        , Net sales $ 72,383  $ 87,437  $ 232,887  $ 280,522 , Operating expenses 68,597  83,558  220,466  265,981 , Operating income 3,786  3,879  12,421  14,541 , Total non-operating income (expense) (436)  174  (1,160)  (565) , Provision for income taxes (327)  (786)  (1,197)  (2,374) , Equity-method investment activity, net of tax 4  1  9  (14) , Net income $ 3,027  $ 3,268  $ 10,073  $ 11,588         Segment Highlights:        , Y/Y net sales growth:        , North America 18% 22% 33% 21%, International 15  14  21  13 , AWS 45  34  47  37 , Consolidated 20  21  31  20 , Net sales mix:        , North America 61% 61% 61% 61%, International 29  27  28  27 , AWS 10  12  11  12 , Consolidated 100% 100% 100% 100%     , ...]</td>\n","    </tr>\n","    <tr>\n","      <th>2</th>\n","      <td>AMZN-Q1-2020-Earnings-Release</td>\n","      <td>[Microsoft Word - Earnings Release_4.30.20_12PM with quote     , AMAZON.COM ANNOUNCES FIRST QUARTER RESULTS , SEATTLE—(BUSINESS WIRE) April 30, 2020—Amazon.com, Inc. (NASDAQ: AMZN) today announced financial results for its first quarter ended March 31, 2020.  •  Operating cash flow increased 16% to $39.7 billion for the trailing twelve months, compared with $34.4 billion for the trailing twelve months ended March 31, 2019. •  Free cash flow increased to $24.3 billion for the trailing twelve months, compared with $23.0 billion for the trailing twelve months ended March 31, 2019. •  Free cash flow less principal repayments of finance leases and financing obligations decreased to $14.3 billion for the trailing twelve months, compared with $15.1 billion for the trailing twelve months ended March 31, 2019. •  Free cash flow less equipment finance leases and principal repayments of all other finance leases and financing obligations decreased to $11.7 billion for the trailing twelve months, compared with $11.8 billion for the trailing twelve months ended March 31, 2019. •  Common shares outstanding plus shares underlying stock-based awards totaled 513 million on March 31, 2020, compared with 507 million one year ago. •  Net sales increased 26% to $75.5 billion in the first quarter, compared with $59.7 billion in first quarter 2019. Excluding the $387 million unfavorable impact from year-over-year changes in foreign exchange rates throughout the quarter, net sales increased 27% compared with first quarter 2019. •  Operating income decreased to $4.0 billion in the first quarter, compared with operating income of $4.4 billion in first quarter 2019. •  Net income decreased to $2.5 billion in the first quarter, or $5.01 per diluted share, compared with net income of $3.6 billion, or $7.09 per diluted share, in first quarter 2019.  “From online shopping to AWS to Prime Video and Fire TV, the current crisis is demonstrating the adaptability and durability of Amazon’s business as never before, but it’s also the hardest time we’ve ever faced,” said Jeff Bezos, Amazon founder and , CEO. “We are inspired by all the essential workers we see doing their jobs — nurses and doctors, grocery store cashiers, police officers, and our own extraordinary frontline employees. The service we provide has never been more critical, and the people doing the frontline work — our employees and all the contractors throughout our supply chain — are counting on us to keep them safe as they do that work. We’re not going to let them down. Providing for customers and protecting employees as this crisis continues for more months is going to take skill, humility, invention, and money. If you’re a shareowner in Amazon, you may want to take a seat, because we’re not thinking small. Under normal circumstances, in this coming Q2, we’d expect to make some $4 billion or more in operating profit. But these aren’t normal circumstances. Instead, we expect to spend the entirety of that $4 billion, and perhaps a bit more, on COVID-related expenses getting products to customers and keeping employees safe. This includes investments in personal protective equipment, enhanced cleaning of our facilities, less efficient process paths that better allow for effective social distancing, higher wages for hourly teams, and hundreds of millions to develop our own COVID-19 testing capabilities. There is a lot of uncertainty in the world right now, and the best investment we can make is in the safety and well-being of our hundreds of thousands of employees. I’m confident that our long-term oriented shareowners will understand and embrace our approach, and that in fact they would expect no less.”    , COVID-19  , What we are doing for employees •  Our top concern is ensuring the health and safety of our employees and contractors around the world. We made over 150 significant process changes in our operations network and Whole Foods Market stores to help teams stay healthy — and we conduct daily audits of the measures we’ve put into place.  •  We have procured 100 million face masks and are requiring that they be worn by all associates, drivers, and support staff in our operations network. We purchased more than 1,000 thermal cameras and 31,000 thermometers, which we are using to conduct mandatory daily temperature checks for employees and support staff throughout our operations sites and Whole Foods Market stores. •  A team of Amazonians — from research scientists and program managers to procurement specialists and software engineers — has moved from their normal day jobs to a dedicated team working to build incremental testing capacity. , The team is building its first lab and has begun a pilot to test front-line employees. We’re not sure how far we will get in the relevant timeframe, but we think it’s worth trying, and we stand ready to share anything we learn. •  In March and April, we announced plans to and have now hired 175,000 people in our fulfillment and delivery network in response to increased customer demand and to assist existing employees. We are happy to welcome these new hires to our team and are continuing to hire. •  In March, we increased pay for hourly employees by $2/hour in the U.S. and Canada, £2/hour in the U.K., and €2/hour in many European countries. We also doubled the regular hourly base pay for overtime hours worked — a minimum of $34 an hour in the U.S. — an increase from time and a half. Our investment in increased pay for our hourly employees and partners during COVID-19 will be nearly $700 million through May 16.    , What we are doing for customers •  We’re prioritizing the stocking and delivery of essential items to ensure the fastest delivery of household staples, medical supplies, and other critical products.  •  We’re acting aggressively to help protect customers from bad actors and have removed over one million offers from our stores due to COVID-based price gouging. We’ve suspended more than 10,000 selling accounts globally for violating our fair-pricing policies.  •  We’re working hard to increase order capacity for Prime Now, Amazon Fresh, and Whole Foods Market. We’ve expanded Whole Foods Market grocery pickup from roughly 80 stores to more than 150, adjusted store hours for select locations to focus exclusively on fulfilling online grocery orders during certain times, and have made it easier for customers to see when the next delivery window is available on the Prime Now, Amazon Fresh, and Whole Foods , Market homepages.  •  We’ve implemented additional safety measures within our Whole Foods Market stores, including providing plexiglass barriers between cashiers and customers at checkout, rolling out enhanced cleanliness and sanitation protocols, and enforcing social distancing guidelines. Our Whole Foods Market locations are open to seniors one hour before opening the store to the general public, and we are reserving the first hour of grocery pickup at select Whole Foods Market locations for seniors.  •  Alexa is helping customers stay informed and connected, and can now answer tens of thousands of questions related to COVID-19. We’re working to provide accurate and timely information from official government and news sources, globally. Alexa also provides an experience that helps customers in Brazil, Canada, India, Japan, Mexico, and the U.S. check their risk level for COVID-19. Customers can ask, “Alexa, what do I do if I think I have COVID-19?” or “Alexa, what do I do if I think I have coronavirus?” Alexa then asks a series of questions about the person’s symptoms and possible exposure and provides guidance sourced from local health authorities.     •  To support third-party sellers in Amazon’s stores, many of whom are small and medium-sized businesses, we paused Amazon Lending loan repayments from March 26 to April 30. In recent weeks, we also waived one month of fees for long-term storage, Strategic Account Services account management, and the Launchpad program, as well as two weeks of inventory storage fees. •  Amazon is supporting small businesses by partnering with American Express and its Stand for Small initiative, providing free use of business tools that help with virtual communication and collaboration, such as Amazon Chime, , Amazon WorkDocs, and Amazon WorkSpaces, as well as enabling small businesses to use the cloud at no charge for , 12 months with AWS Free Tier. We’re also giving complimentary access to training and educational tools from the , Amazon Small Business Academy to help entrepreneurs learn how to build their businesses online. •  AWS is helping healthcare workers, medical researchers, scientists, and public health officials working to understand and fight COVID-19 by providing a centralized repository of curated, up-to-date, pre-processed, and publicly-readable datasets focused on the spread and characteristics of the virus. The AWS COVID-19 data lake, which includes data sets from Johns Hopkins University, Definitive Healthcare, Carnegie Mellon’s Delphi Research Group, and other sources, is available for anyone researching, tracking, deploying vital resources, or developing other helpful solutions and applications to combat COVID-19.   •  AWS is supporting the White House’s COVID-19 High Performance Computing Consortium, providing computing resources to advance research on diagnosis, treatment, and vaccines. •  Customers are using AWS to lessen the impact that COVID-19 has on families, communities, and businesses. Examples include: •  The New York City COVID-19 Rapid Response Coalition is using a conversational agent, which is running on AWS, to enable at-risk, elderly New Yorkers to receive accurate, timely information about medical needs.  •  The Los Angeles Unified School District is using AWS to power a new call center that is fielding IT questions, providing remote support, and enabling staff to answer calls around remote learning for 700,000 students.  •  Volunteer Surge, a nonprofit consortium, is running its online training platform on AWS to recruit, train, and deploy one million volunteer health workers. •  The World Health Organization is using AWS to build large-scale data lakes, aggregate epidemiological country data, rapidly translate medical training videos into different languages, and help global healthcare workers better treat patients. •  Cerner, a global healthcare technology company, is compiling de-identified patient data to help COVID-19 researchers and is leveraging AWS to secure and store critical information. The data is available free of charge and will support research, vaccine development, and new treatment options, allowing organizations to share information and accelerate understanding of the virus.  •  In England, the National Health Service is using AWS to analyze hospital occupancy levels, emergency room capacity, and patient wait times in order to help decide where best to allocate resources. •  AWS is helping Kentucky and West Virginia authorities address the surge in call volumes to unemployment call centers by transitioning from legacy technology that often required agents to work in the states’ offices to , Amazon Connect which enables staff to work remotely via the AWS Cloud.  •  Origin Energy, Australia’s largest integrated energy retailer, is using Amazon Connect to operate its cloud-based contact center and successfully manage inbound calls by enabling their contact center agents to work remotely during the COVID-19 crisis. •  AWS is helping the state of Rhode Island address a surge in unemployment insurance applications — 10 times the volume their legacy system could typically handle — by powering the Department of Labor and , Training’s website and online application portal.     •  AWS is helping schools around the world quickly deploy and transition to online learning through its EdTech customers and partners. In Egypt, the Ministry of Education and CDSM Thinqi are standing up instant access to online learning content, where 22 million K-12 students are able to continue their education in the midst of COVID-19; and in India, EdTech startup Impartus is launching virtual classrooms for more than 530,000 students — the online equivalent of 13,000 physical classrooms. AWS is also working with Blackboard, the largest education technology and services company in the world, enabling them to scale to 50x their usual capacity within a 24-hour timeframe to meet the global surge in demand of daily users for their virtual teaching and learning platform. •  In collaboration with Salesforce, AWS is participating in the “Salesforce Care” campaign, a program to onboard up to 300 customers, like HCA Healthcare and Providence Health &amp; Services, to help them quickly stand-up call center capacity to handle the spike in demand from their patients.   , What we are doing for communities •  Using our network of Amazon Flex drivers, we’re partnering with food banks across the U.S. to donate delivery services of groceries to serve six million meals through the end of June. We’ve delivered 427,000 pounds of groceries, representing 336,000 meals.  •  We’ve partnered with a Seattle catering company to distribute more than 73,000 meals to over 2,700 elderly and medically-vulnerable residents in Seattle and King County during the outbreak.  •  We’re donating $5 million in Amazon devices to support healthcare workers, patients, schools, teachers, and communities around the globe that have been impacted by COVID-19. •  We’ve provided $10 million in funding to provide relief to more than 800 small businesses in Seattle and the Puget Sound through cash grants and free rent as part of our Neighborhood Small Business Relief Fund.   •  We have donated 12,200 laptops to students across the U.S. and are making online computer science resources, including exam prep, available at no cost to students, parents, and teachers through Amazon Future Engineer.  •  We committed more than €21 million to relief organizations across Europe to support those most affected by COVID-19. •  In partnership with the United States Department of Agriculture we’ve expanded the list of states where Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits can be used online, which now includes Alabama, Arizona, California, , Florida, Iowa, Kentucky, Nebraska, New York, Oregon, and Washington, with additional states to come online soon.  •  With the AWS Diagnostic Development Initiative, a program to support customers working to bring more accurate diagnostic solutions to market for COVID-19, we’re committing $20 million to accelerate this work and help our customers harness the cloud to tackle this challenge.   , Business Highlights  , Shopping and Entertainment •  Amazon ranked #1 in the 2019 American Customer Satisfaction Index Internet Retail Category and has been ranked in the top 10 for the past 11 years. In the U.K., the Institute of Customer Service named Amazon as the company with the best customer service score for the past decade. •  Prime Video launched Prime Video Cinema in the U.S., the U.K., and Germany. Prime Video Cinema is a premium movie rental offering that allows customers to stream in-theater movies at home, including titles such as Birds of Prey, , Emma, The Invisible Man, Onward, and Trolls World Tour. •  Customers in the U.S., the U.K., and Germany can now rent or buy hundreds of thousands of video titles directly from the Prime Video app on Apple iOS 12 devices and the Apple TV Gen 4+, including new release movies, award-winning TV shows, and Oscar-nominated movies.     •  Prime Video premiered several new Amazon Original series including the reality competition Making the Cut, hosted and executive produced by Heidi Klum and Tim Gunn; The Forgotten Army in India; Love Island in France; Celebrity , Hunted in Italy; and the docuseries The Test: A New Era for Australia’s Team in Australia. •  Prime Video and the National Football League (NFL) announced a multi-year agreement to renew their partnership to deliver a live digital stream of 11 Thursday Night Football games as well as exclusive global streaming rights to one additional regular season game. All NFL games on Prime Video are available at no extra cost to Prime members. •  Amazon launched Amazon Go Grocery in Seattle, the first grocery store to offer Just Walk Out Shopping. The store's checkout-free experience is enabled by the same Just Walk Out Technology used in 25 Amazon Go stores across the , U.S. In addition, Amazon is now offering its Just Walk Out Technology to retailers for use in their stores, allowing more shoppers to enjoy the convenience of taking what they want and leaving without stopping to check out. •  Amazon launched Amazon.nl and a new Prime program for the Netherlands marketplace. Amazon Prime includes unlimited free shipping, Prime Video, Twitch Prime, and Amazon Photos. •  Amazon announced that more than 15,000 small and medium-sized businesses selling in Amazon’s stores in the U.S. surpassed $1 million in sales in 2019. Additionally, third-party sellers sold more than 700 million items that shipped with Prime Free One-Day Delivery or faster in the U.S. in 2019.  , Devices and Alexa •  Alexa is available on even more devices including TV, mobile, and auto and is now available on select LG and Samsung Smart TV 2020 models and the new OnePlus 8 mobile phone. Additionally, BMW customers in the U.S., and , MINI customers in the U.S., France, Italy, Spain, and Austria can now access Alexa on select models. •  Amazon introduced a new speaking style for Alexa skills, enabling U.S. developers to build more natural long-form content experiences by adding conversational pauses to Alexa’s speech when reading articles or blogs. •  Fire TV’s content catalog continues to grow internationally with new apps, including Disney+, available on Fire TV and Fire Tablet devices in the U.K., France, Germany, Italy, and Spain. •  Ring launched several new products and features, including two Ring Video Doorbells and its next-generation Ring Chime and Ring Chime Pro, in the U.S., the U.K., Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. Additionally, Ring launched mandatory two-step verification for all users, along with the ability to opt out of personalized advertising. •  Amazon launched Blink Mini, a new compact indoor smart security camera that works with Alexa in the U.S., the U.K., Canada, Germany, and France.   , Amazon Web Services •  AWS announced the opening of the AWS Europe (Milan) and AWS Africa (Cape Town) Regions. AWS now spans 76 Availability Zones within 24 geographic regions, with announced plans for nine more Availability Zones and three more AWS Regions in Indonesia, Japan, and Spain.                                                        •  AWS announced the general availability of Amazon Detective, a security service that makes it easy for customers to conduct faster and more efficient investigations into security issues across their AWS workloads. Amazon Detective automatically collects log data from a customer’s resources and uses machine learning, statistical analysis, and graph theory to build interactive visualizations that help customers analyze, investigate, and quickly identify the root cause of potential security issues or suspicious activities.  •  AWS announced the general availability of Amazon Keyspaces (for Apache Cassandra), a scalable, highly available, and fully managed database service for Cassandra workloads. Amazon Keyspaces supports the same application code, , Apache 2.0 licensed drivers, and developer tools that customers running Cassandra workloads use today. With Amazon , Keyspaces, customers can easily migrate on-premises Cassandra workloads to the cloud, without having to provision, configure, and operate servers or large Cassandra clusters, or needing to manually add or remove nodes or rebalance partitions as traffic scales up or down.    •  AWS announced Amazon AppFlow, a fully managed service that provides an easy, secure way for customers to create and automate bidirectional data flows between AWS and SaaS applications — such as Salesforce, Slack, Infor Nexus, , Marketo, ServiceNow, Trend Micro, and Zendesk — without writing custom integration code. Amazon AppFlow also works with AWS PrivateLink to route data flows through the AWS network instead of over the public Internet to provide even stronger data privacy and security. With Amazon AppFlow, customers can bring together and manage petabytes, even exabytes, of data spread across all of their applications without having to develop custom connectors or manage underlying API and network connectivity. •  AWS announced the general availability of Amazon Augmented Artificial Intelligence (Amazon A2I), a fully managed service that makes it easy to add human review to machine learning predictions to enhance model and application accuracy by continuously identifying and improving low confidence predictions. Human review for model predictions can be added to new or existing applications using reviewers from Mechanical Turk, third party vendors, or a customer’s own employees. •  AWS helped power the NFL’s first ever remote draft — the most watched ever, reaching more than 55 million viewers total. Through all seven rounds of the three-day event, AWS ensured that over 100 live feeds ran successfully, creating a seamless experience for the NFL, teams, coaches, players and their families, fans, and everyone watching.  , Community and Sustainability •  Amazon launched the first Amazon Future Engineer Teacher of the Year Awards, recognizing teachers working to help students in underserved communities gain the skills they need to build careers in computer science. •  Amazon donated $3.9 million to CodeVA, a Virginia non-profit organization, to expand computer science education for 500,000 students and training for 12,000 teachers in 700 underserved communities across Virginia — with virtual training starting now in light of COVID-19. •  Amazon leveraged its operational expertise and logistics network to provide relief and support to victims across the globe including those impacted by the Australian bushfire crisis, Indonesia’s floods, earthquakes in Puerto Rico, and tornadoes in the Middle Tennessee region. Amazon has donated more than 750,000 relief items to help community partners responding to large-scale natural disasters. •  Amazon announced four new renewable energy projects across the U.S., Europe, and Australia that will support Amazon’s commitment under The Climate Pledge to be net zero carbon by 2040, 10 years ahead of the Paris , Agreement. Globally, Amazon has 86 renewable energy projects that have the capacity to generate over 2,300 MW and deliver more than 6.3 million MWh of energy annually. •  Amazon announced its first donation of $10 million to The Nature Conservancy. This first project donation is part of Amazon’s Right Now Climate Fund — a $100 million commitment to protect, restore, and support reforestation projects around the world in collaboration with The Nature Conservancy. , Financial Guidance The following forward-looking statements reflect Amazon.com’s expectations as of April 30, 2020, and are subject to substantial uncertainty. Our results are inherently unpredictable and may be materially affected by many factors, such as fluctuations in foreign exchange rates, changes in global economic conditions and customer spending, world events, the rate of growth of the Internet, online commerce, and cloud services, and the various factors detailed below. This guidance reflects our estimates as of April 30, 2020 regarding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our operations, including those discussed above, and is highly dependent on numerous factors that we may not be able to predict or control, including: the duration and spread of the pandemic; actions taken by governments, businesses, and individuals in response to the pandemic; the impact of the pandemic on global and regional economies and economic activity, workforce staffing and productivity, and our significant and continuing spending on employee safety measures; our ability to continue operations in affected areas; and consumer demand and consumer spending patterns, as well as the effects on suppliers, creditors, and third-party sellers, all of which are uncertain. This guidance also assumes the impacts on consumer demand and spending patterns, including impacts due to concerns over the current economic outlook, will be in line with those experienced during Q2 to date, and the additional    assumptions set forth below. However, it is not possible to determine the ultimate impact on our operations for the second quarter, or whether other currently unanticipated direct or indirect consequences of the pandemic are reasonably likely to materially affect our operations. , Second Quarter 2020 Guidance •  Net sales are expected to be between $75.0 billion and $81.0 billion, or to grow between 18% and 28% compared with second quarter 2019. This guidance anticipates an unfavorable impact of approximately 70 basis points from foreign exchange rates. •  Operating income (loss) is expected to be between $(1.5) billion and $1.5 billion, compared with $3.1 billion in second quarter 2019. This guidance assumes approximately $4.0 billion of costs related to COVID-19. •  This guidance assumes, among other things, that no additional business acquisitions, investments, restructurings, or legal settlements are concluded.  , A conference call will be webcast live today at 2:30 p.m. PT/5:30 p.m. ET, and will be available for at least three months at amazon.com/ir. This call will contain forward-looking statements and other material information regarding the Company’s financial and operating results.  , These forward-looking statements are inherently difficult to predict. Actual results could differ materially for a variety of reasons, including, in addition to the factors discussed above, the amount that Amazon.com invests in new business opportunities and the timing of those investments, the mix of products and services sold to customers, the mix of net sales derived from products as compared with services, the extent to which we owe income or other taxes, competition, management of growth, potential fluctuations in operating results, international growth and expansion, the outcomes of claims, litigation, government investigations, and other proceedings, fulfillment, sortation, delivery, and data center optimization, risks of inventory management, seasonality, the degree to which the Company enters into, maintains, and develops commercial agreements, proposed and completed acquisitions and strategic transactions, payments risks, and risks of fulfillment throughput and productivity. Other risks and uncertainties include, among others, risks related to new products, services, and technologies, system interruptions, government regulation and taxation, and fraud. In addition, additional or unforeseen effects from the , COVID-19 pandemic and the global economic climate may give rise to or amplify many of these risks. More information about factors that potentially could affect Amazon.com’s financial results is included in Amazon.com’s filings with the Securities and , Exchange Commission (“SEC”), including its most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and subsequent filings.  , Our investor relations website is amazon.com/ir and we encourage investors to use it as a way of easily finding information about us. We promptly make available on this website, free of charge, the reports that we file or furnish with the SEC, corporate governance information (including our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics), and select press releases, which may contain material information about us, and you may subscribe to be notified of new information posted to this site. , About Amazon Amazon is guided by four principles: customer obsession rather than competitor focus, passion for invention, commitment to operational excellence, and long-term thinking. Customer reviews, 1-Click shopping, personalized recommendations, Prime, , Fulfillment by Amazon, AWS, Kindle Direct Publishing, Kindle, Fire tablets, Fire TV, Amazon Echo, and Alexa are some of the products and services pioneered by Amazon. For more information, visit amazon.com/about and follow @AmazonNews.    , AMAZON.COM, INC. , Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (in millions) (unaudited)    Three Months Ended , March 31,  Twelve Months Ended , March 31,  2019  2020  2019  2020             CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND RESTRICTED CASH, BEGINNING OF PERIOD $ 32,173  $ 36,410  $ 17,616  $ 23,507 OPERATING ACTIVITIES:        Net income 3,561  2,535  12,005  10,563 Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash from operating activities:        , Depreciation and amortization of property and equipment and capitalized content costs, operating lease assets, and other 4,854  5,362  16,524  22,297 , Stock-based compensation 1,274  1,757  5,509  7,347 Other operating expense (income), net (13)  67  205  244 Other expense (income), net (135)  565  268  451 Deferred income taxes 415  322  714  704 , Changes in operating assets and liabilities:        Inventories 719  1,392  (2,815)  (2,605) Accounts receivable, net and other (401)  1,262  (6,043)  (6,018) Accounts payable (6,384)  (8,044)  7,095  6,532 Accrued expenses and other (2,932)  (2,761)  (235)  (1,213) Unearned revenue 888  607  1,133  1,430 , Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities 1,846  3,064  34,360  39,732 INVESTING ACTIVITIES:        Purchases of property and equipment (3,290)  (6,795)  (13,619)  (20,365) Proceeds from property and equipment sales and incentives 569  1,367  2,303  4,970 Acquisitions, net of cash acquired, and other (1,169)  (91)  (3,342)  (1,384) Sales and maturities of marketable securities 2,643  11,626  8,205  31,664 Purchases of marketable securities (6,876)  (15,001)  (13,506)  (39,938) , Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities (8,123)  (8,894)  (19,959)  (25,053) FINANCING ACTIVITIES:        Proceeds from long-term debt and other 190  693  833  2,776 Repayments of long-term debt and other (351)  (667)  (817)  (3,000) Principal repayments of finance leases (2,214)  (2,600)  (7,649)  (10,013) Principal repayments of financing obligations (2)  (17)  (266)  (43) , Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities (2,377)  (2,591)  (7,899)  (10,280) Foreign currency effect on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash (12)  (484)  (611)  (401) , Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash (8,666)  (8,905)  5,891  3,998 CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND RESTRICTED CASH, END OF PERIOD $ 23,507  $ 27,505  $ 23,507  $ 27,505 SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION:        Cash paid for interest on long-term debt $ 286  $ 290  $ 858  $ 879 Cash paid for operating leases 709  1,029  709  3,680 Cash paid for interest on finance leases 165  168  471  650 Cash paid for interest on financing obligations 2  22  142  59 Cash paid for income taxes, net of refunds 168  305  840  1,017 Assets acquired under operating leases 875  2,408  875  9,403 Property and equipment acquired under finance leases 2,628  2,166  10,972  13,262 Property and equipment acquired under build-to-suit arrangements 436  379  3,336  1,304     , AMAZON.COM, INC. , Consolidated Statements of Operations (in millions, except per share data) (unaudited)   Three Months Ended , March 31,  2019  2020       Net product sales $ 34,283  $ 41,841 , Net service sales 25,417  33,611 , Total net sales 59,700  75,452 , Operating expenses:    , Cost of sales 33,920  44,257 , Fulfillment 8,601  11,531 , Technology and content 7,927  9,325 , Marketing 3,664  4,828 , General and administrative 1,173  1,452 , Other operating expense (income), net (5)  70 , Total operating expenses 55,280  71,463 , Operating income 4,420  3,989 , Interest income 183  202 , Interest expense (366)  (402) , Other income (expense), net 164  (406) , Total non-operating income (expense) (19)  (606) , Income before income taxes 4,401  3,383 , Provision for income taxes (836)  (744) , Equity-method investment activity, net of tax (4)  (104) , Net income $ 3,561  $ 2,535 , Basic earnings per share $ 7.24  $ 5.09 , Diluted earnings per share $ 7.09  $ 5.01 , Weighted-average shares used in computation of earnings per share:    Basic 491  498 , Diluted 502  506     , AMAZON.COM, INC. , Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (in millions) (unaudited)   Three Months Ended , March 31,  2019  2020       Net income $ 3,561  $ 2,535 , Other comprehensive income (loss):    , Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax of $(1) and $21 (8)  (874) , Net change in unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale debt securities:    , Unrealized gains (losses), net of tax of $0 and $12 32  (203) , Reclassification adjustment for losses (gains) included in “Other income (expense), net,” net of tax of $0 and $0 1  — , Net unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale debt securities 33  (203) , Total other comprehensive income (loss) 25  (1,077) , Comprehensive income $ 3,586  $ 1,458      , AMAZON.COM, INC. , Segment Information (in millions) (unaudited)   Three Months Ended , March 31,  2019  2020       North America    , Net sales $ 35,812  $ 46,127 , Operating expenses 33,525  44,815 , Operating income $ 2,287  $ 1,312     International    , Net sales $ 16,192  $ 19,106 , Operating expenses 16,282  19,504 , Operating income (loss) $ (90)  $ (398)     AWS    , Net sales $ 7,696  $ 10,219 , Operating expenses 5,473  7,144 , Operating income $ 2,223  $ 3,075     Consolidated    , Net sales $ 59,700  $ 75,452 , Operating expenses 55,280  71,463 , ...]</td>\n","    </tr>\n","    <tr>\n","      <th>3</th>\n","      <td>Q2-2020-Amazon-Earnings-Release</td>\n","      <td>[AMZN-2020.06.30-EX99.1 AMAZON.COM ANNOUNCES SECOND QUARTER RESULTS, SEATTLE—(BUSINESS WIRE) July 30, 2020—Amazon.com, Inc. (NASDAQ: AMZN) today announced financial results for its second quarter ended June 30, 2020. • Operating cash flow increased 42% to $51.2 billion for the trailing twelve months, compared with $36.0 billion for the trailing twelve months ended June 30, 2019. • Free cash flow increased to $31.9 billion for the trailing twelve months, compared with $25.0 billion for the trailing twelve months ended June 30, 2019. • Free cash flow less principal repayments of finance leases and financing obligations increased to $21.3 billion for the trailing twelve months, compared with $16.1 billion for the trailing twelve months ended June 30, 2019. • Free cash flow less equipment finance leases and principal repayments of all other finance leases and financing obligations increased to $19.4 billion for the trailing twelve months, compared with $13.0 billion for the trailing twelve months ended June 30, 2019.• Common shares outstanding plus shares underlying stock-based awards totaled 517 million on June 30, 2020, compared with 510 million one year ago.• Net sales increased 40% to $88.9 billion in the second quarter, compared with $63.4 billion in second quarter 2019. Excluding the $582 million unfavorable impact from year-over-year changes in foreign exchange rates throughout the quarter, net sales increased 41% compared with second quarter 2019.• Operating income increased to $5.8 billion in the second quarter, compared with operating income of $3.1 billion in second quarter 2019. • Net income increased to $5.2 billion in the second quarter, or $10.30 per diluted share, compared with net income of $2.6 billion, or $5.22 per diluted share, in second quarter 2019. “This was another highly unusual quarter, and I couldn’t be more proud of and grateful to our employees around the globe,” said Jeff Bezos, Amazon founder and CEO. “As expected, we spent over $4 billion on incremental COVID-19-related costs in the quarter to help keep employees safe and deliver products to customers in this time of high demand—purchasing personal protective equipment, increasing cleaning of our facilities, following new safety process paths, adding new backup family care benefits, and paying a special thank you bonus of over $500 million to front-line employees and delivery partners. We’ve created over 175,000 new jobs since March and are in the process of bringing 125,000 of these employees into regular, full-time positions. And third-party sales again grew faster this quarter than Amazon’s first-party sales. Lastly, even in this unpredictable time, we injected significant money into the economy this quarter, investing over $9 billion in capital projects, including fulfillment, transportation, and AWS.”, Highlights, Supporting Employees• Amazon’s top priority is providing for the health and safety of our employees and partners, and the company spent more than $4 billion in the second quarter on incremental COVID-19 related initiatives to help keep employees safe, provide additional compensation to our employees and delivery partners, and deliver products to customers.• Amazon provided a one-time Thank You bonus totaling over $500 million to all front-line employees and partners who were with the company throughout the month of June.• Amazon introduced a new family backup care benefit through Care.com to 650,000 full and part-time Amazon and Whole Foods Market employees in the U.S. This benefit provides employees with up to 10 days of company-subsidized emergency backup child or adult care.• Amazon introduced Distance Assistant to help keep employees safe by providing them with live feedback on their social distancing via a 50-inch monitor. Amazon made the software and AI behind this innovation available via open source so that anyone can create their own Distance Assistant at no cost and get up and running with just a monitor, computer, and camera.• Amazon is collaborating with national medical care group Crossover Health to pilot Amazon Neighborhood Health Centers, which are new medical facilities available to Amazon employees and their families. The centers will provide access to quality, convenient care while reducing health care costs for employees and Amazon. The pilot includes 20 Crossover Health branded and operated centers in Dallas/Fort Worth, Texas; Phoenix, Arizona; Louisville, Kentucky; Detroit, Michigan; and San Bernardino/Moreno Valley, California., Investing in Communities• Amazon donated more than $10 million of personal protective equipment, including 4.4 million masks and thousands of contactless thermometers, to Direct Relief and Feeding America. The masks went to over 200 of Direct Relief’s partner clinics and Feeding America’s food banks and agencies in 47 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. • Amazon Business delivered more than 200 million essential health and safety products to healthcare and government organizations in tens of thousands of locations across the U.S.• Amazon partnered with food banks and schools to deliver more than six million meals to underserved families and vulnerable seniors in 25 U.S. cities and in communities in Australia, Japan, Singapore, Spain, and the U.K. Amazon plans to deliver one million more meals by the end of this summer.• Amazon teamed up with Boys &amp; Girls Clubs of America to launch Camp Prime, offering families fun, safe, and easy ways to help kids stay engaged this summer, including a digital handbook full of camp-themed activities using items from around the house. Camp Prime is free and available to all, and Prime members can extend their experience with content from Prime Video, Prime Reading, and Amazon Music. Amazon also donated $500,000 to Boys &amp; Girls Clubs to help dozens of Club locations offer kids summer activities, including filling “curbside camp” kits available for pickup from Clubs that remain closed.• Amazon announced a $10 million donation to 12 organizations that are working to bring about social justice for and improve the lives of Black and African Americans. In addition, Amazon also matched 100% of $8.5 million in donations by Amazon employees, bringing total donations to these organizations from the company and its employees to $27 million.• Amazon announced its first ever Amazon Future Engineer Teacher of the Year Award honoring 10 teachers each with a grant valued at more than $50,000 to benefit their schools and students. Amazon also announced its second annual class of Amazon Future Engineer Scholarship recipients, awarding 100 students each with a $40,000 college scholarship and a guaranteed paid internship at Amazon., Protecting the Planet• Verizon, Infosys, Reckitt Benckiser, and Oak View Group signed The Climate Pledge, the commitment co-founded by Amazon and Global Optimism to achieve net-zero carbon by 2040, a decade ahead of the Paris Agreement.• Amazon and We Mean Business, a global nonprofit coalition working with businesses to accelerate the transition to a zero-carbon economy, announced a partnership to establish the world’s most comprehensive effort to drive companies to adopt more ambitious carbon emissions reduction goals. The partnership encourages companies to accelerate their goals to meet The Climate Pledge.• Amazon launched The Climate Pledge Fund with an initial $2 billion in funding to help support visionary companies whose product and service solutions will facilitate the transition to a zero carbon economy.• Amazon announced it is on a path to run on 100% renewable energy by 2025, five years ahead of schedule. As part of The Climate Pledge, Amazon had previously committed to reach 80% renewable energy by 2024 and 100% renewable energy by 2030.• Amazon Air secured up to six million gallons of sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) supplied by Shell Aviation and produced by World Energy. The investment will help increase production of SAF by demonstrating growing demand for low-carbon aviation fuel. The fuel is produced from a feedstock of inedible agricultural waste fats and oils and is expected to reduce carbon emissions by up to 20% compared to conventional jet fuel.• Amazon secured the naming rights to the new home of Seattle’s NHL team, Kraken, and WNBA team, Storm, and will name it Climate Pledge Arena. Opening in summer 2021, Climate Pledge Arena will be one of the world’s most sustainable arenas. Through a partnership between Amazon, Oak View Group, and NHL Seattle, the rebuild of this venue is expected to be the first net zero carbon certified arena in the world.• In Germany, Amazon announced the first project in Europe from Amazon’s $100 million Right Now Climate Fund. The €3.75 million commitment to The Nature Conservancy will support its work, which includes increasing species biodiversity in cities., Empowering Small and Medium-Sized Businesses• Amazon released its 2020 Small and Medium-Sized Business (SMB) Impact Report, highlighting how SMBs selling in its U.S. store have sold more than 3.4 billion products in the past year and created an estimated 1.1 million jobs.• In partnership with the British small business support network “Enterprise Nation,” Amazon launched the Amazon Small Business Accelerator, which aims to support more than 200,000 small businesses across the U.K. negatively impacted by the COVID-19 crisis. Amazon hosted a week-long boot camp in the U.K. to help 1,000 offline businesses get online, and offered free services, AWS credits, training, and support.• In the U.K., Amazon worked with the British Chambers of Commerce to give up to 1,000 businesses tours of Amazon fulfillment centers, helping other companies learn from the safety measures Amazon has put in place within its own operations so the businesses can re-open safely and kick-start the economy.• Amazon in Japan launched Global Selling to allow Japanese sellers to reach new customers across 16 Amazon sites worldwide. • Amazon in India announced plans to help digitally enable micro, small, and medium businesses across the country as part of a $1 billion investment pledge. Amazon launched Local Shops on Amazon.in, offering shopkeepers and retailers with physical stores the ability to register to serve more customers from their local areas. Since launch, more than 11,000 sellers have enrolled in the program. In addition, Amazon introduced seller registration and account management services in Hindi to help businesses overcome language barriers. Since launch, more than 10,000 sellers have used Hindi to register on Amazon.in. , Shopping and Entertainment• Amazon increased grocery delivery capacity by over 160% and tripled grocery pickup locations to support customers during COVID-19. Online grocery sales tripled in the second quarter when compared with the same period last year.• Amazon continues working closely with the U.S. Department of Agriculture to expand access to online grocery shopping for people who rely on Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits. Amazon now reaches beneficiaries in 39 states and the District of Columbia, providing more than 90% of SNAP households with the ability to use their SNAP benefits online.• Amazon established the Amazon Counterfeit Crimes Unit, a team dedicated to bringing counterfeiters who violate the law and Amazon’s policies by listing counterfeit products in its stores to justice. Amazon’s Counterfeit Crimes Unit is a global, multi-disciplinary group composed of former federal prosecutors, experienced investigators, and data analysts who will join Amazon’s existing Customer Trust team working to drive counterfeit to zero.• Prime Video launched Watch Parties, a feature that enables Prime members to interact with each other via chat on a desktop while watching Prime Video content, including award-winning TV shows and movies.• Prime Video introduced Prime Video Profiles, allowing customers to create and manage up to six profiles within a single account. Each profile offers individualized recommendations, season progress, and watchlists based on individual profile activity.• Amazon premiered several Amazon Original series including Upload, from Emmy-winner Greg Daniels, Homecoming Season 2, Bosch Season 6, and Regular Heroes, a docuseries focusing on COVID-19 heroes. Additionally, Amazon premiered several Original movies including Selah and the Spades, The Goldfinch, The Vast of Night, 7500, and the family action-comedy My Spy, along with local Indian movies Ponmagal Vandhal and Gulabo Sitabo., Devices and Alexa• Amazon expanded the portfolio of devices and features that are available to customers around the world. Echo Auto is now available in Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the U.K.; Echo Dot with clock and Echo Studio are now available in Brazil; eero mesh WiFi systems are now available in Australia and Mexico; and Alexa Skill Blueprints are now available in France, Italy, Mexico, and Spain. • Amazon announced new or expanded Alexa integrations with global automotive brands including General Motors, Volkswagen, Toyota, and Lexus. • Amazon continues to make Alexa smarter and add more ways for customers to stay connected. Customers can now set reminders that play across all of their Alexa devices, use new notification capabilities with Routines, ask Alexa for nutrition tips, receive Announcements on their mobile phones as a push notification, and broadcast a response to an Announcement.  • The Alexa Fund is supporting the startup community through investments in Molekule, a leader in reinventing air purification, and Amira Learning, the first AI-powered reading assistant. The Alexa Fund also announced its newest cohort of companies participating in Alexa Next Stage powered by Techstars, a program empowering entrepreneurs who are innovating in the field of voice technology.• Amazon announced new live content integrations on Fire TV from YouTube TV and Hulu, and expanded discovery options including the new Free tab which helps customers find free movies, TV shows, and more. • Ring launched its next-generation original Ring Video Doorbell for improved home security, featuring a higher resolution camera, improved night vision and additional privacy features. Ring also announced Ring Alarm is now available in several additional European countries, including Germany, Norway, and Sweden., Amazon Web Services• Customers are using AWS to lessen the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on families, communities, and businesses. Examples include:• With the support of AWS hosting services, the World Health Organization (WHO) launched an app to support health workers around the world in caring for patients with COVID-19, as well as to protect themselves as they do this critical work. • Zoom, a provider of enterprise video communications, has long utilized AWS to host a significant portion of its network. In addition to offering a robust free service, since March Zoom has also offered free access to over 100,000 schools to enable them to educate students remotely. Zoom and AWS have worked together to help businesses, schools, and healthcare institutions maintain mission and business continuity as they stay safe at home. • Propel, a company focused on building software to help low-income Americans improve their financial health, developed Fresh Electronic Benefit Transfer (EBT), an app built on AWS that has helped more than three million individuals per month manage their benefits under the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), save with coupons, and find jobs.• UNC Health built a chatbot on AWS to help address increased call volumes to its COVID-19 help line, answering questions from patients seeking guidance on COVID-19 testing and what to do if they or their loved ones were exposed to the virus.  • Orange County United Way built a highly-secure mobile and web-enabled app on AWS called AssistOC that allows individuals to submit requests for financial assistance to the nonprofit’s Homelessness Prevention Program, launched in response to the current pandemic, via a smartphone or personal computer.• AWS announced several significant new customer commitments and migrations during the quarter. Examples include: • HSBC, one of the world’s largest financial services organizations, selected AWS as a key, long-term strategic cloud provider to drive their digital transformation and deliver new and personalized banking services for millions of personal banking customers worldwide.• Global market intelligence company IHS Markit selected AWS as its preferred cloud provider to help improve scalability and agility to respond to industry changes and develop new products and services.• Formula 1 is using a range of AWS services, including machine learning, for six new F1 Insights powered by AWS that will roll out during the 2020 racing season to give fans the ability to compare their favorite drivers and cars and better predict race outcomes.• Bundesliga is using AWS machine learning and analytics to enhance the fan experience for Germany’s top football league, delivering new advanced statistics through Bundesliga Match Facts powered by AWS, including Average Positions and xGoals.• Capella Space, a provider of on-demand Earth observation data via satellite-based radar, is all-in on AWS, running its entire infrastructure on AWS using a full portfolio of cloud services including AWS Ground Station to deliver satellite data to customers in minutes. • Genesys has selected AWS as the preferred cloud provider for Genesys Cloud, an all-in-one solution and leading public cloud contact center platform used by organizations around the world to manage and improve customer relationships across any channel, including voice, text, web chat, and social. • AWS announced Amazon Honeycode, a fully-managed service that allows customers to quickly build powerful mobile and web applications – with no programming required. With Amazon Honeycode, customers can create applications using the simplicity and familiarity of a spreadsheet, but with the data management capability of a database, the collaboration and notifications common in business applications, and a truly seamless web and mobile user experience to perform important business functions like managing field agents, performing PO approvals, scheduling weekly events, reporting employee or team activities, tracking task progress, following customer activity, surveying end users, managing content, inventorying resources, and more.• AWS announced the general availability of AWS Snowcone, a small, ultra-portable, rugged, and secure edge computing and data transfer device that can fit in a small backpack. At under five pounds, AWS Snowcone is the smallest member of the AWS Snow Family of devices, enabling customers to collect data, process it locally, and move it to AWS. AWS Snowcone is built to withstand harsh conditions, and is designed for a variety of use cases in environments outside of the traditional data center that lack consistent network connectivity and/or require portability.• AWS announced the general availability of AWS IoT SiteWise, a managed service that collects data from the plant floor, structures and labels the data, and generates real-time key performance indicators (KPIs) and metrics to help industrial customers make better, data-driven decisions. Customers can use SiteWise to monitor operations across facilities, quickly compute industrial performance metrics, create applications that analyze industrial equipment data to prevent costly equipment issues, and reduce gaps in production.• AWS announced the general availability of the sixth generation of Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) with three Arm-based instances (M6g, C6g, R6g) powered by AWS-designed, Arm-based Graviton2 processors, that deliver up to 40% better price and performance than current x86 processor-based instances. • AWS announced the general availability of Amazon CodeGuru, a developer-quality service powered by machine learning that provides intelligent recommendations for improving code quality and identifying an application’s most expensive lines of code.• AWS announced the general availability of UltraWarm for Amazon Elasticsearch Service, a highly performant, fully-managed, low-cost warm storage tier that provides fast, interactive analytics of log data at one-tenth the cost of existing storage options. UltraWarm for Amazon Elasticsearch Service gives Elasticsearch customers a warm storage tier that both stores large amounts of data cost-effectively and provides the type of interactive experience that Elasticsearch customers expect.• AWS announced the general availability of Amazon Kendra, a highly accurate and easy to use enterprise search service powered by machine learning. Amazon Kendra enables organizations to index all of their internal data sources across siloes, makes that data searchable, and allows users to get precise answers to natural language queries instead of trial-and-error keyword search – all with no machine learning expertise required.• AWS and Slack announced a multi-year agreement to deliver solutions for enhanced enterprise workforce collaboration. Slack will migrate its Slack Calls capability for all voice and video calling to Amazon Chime, AWS’s communications service that lets users meet, chat, and place business calls. Slack is also leveraging AWS’s global infrastructure to support enterprise customers’ rapid adoption of its platform and to offer them data residency – the ability to choose which country or region their data is stored at rest in while fulfilling compliance requirements. • AWS announced a new, global team dedicated to accelerating innovation in the global aerospace and satellite industry. The Aerospace and Satellite Solutions team will bring AWS services and solutions to the space enterprise, and work with customers and partners around the world to: reimagine space system architectures; transform space enterprises; launch new services that process space data on Earth and in orbit; and provide secure, flexible, scalable, and cost-efficient cloud solutions to support government missions and companies advancing space around the world.• AWS announced Amazon Interactive Video Service (Amazon IVS), a managed service customers may use to set up live, interactive video streams for web or mobile applications in just a few minutes. Amazon IVS uses the same technology that powers Twitch and allows customers to configure live streams that can be delivered to millions of concurrent viewers globally with interactive features like virtual chat spaces, votes and polls, moderated question and answer sessions, and synchronized promotional elements., Financial GuidanceThe following forward-looking statements reflect Amazon.com’s expectations as of July 30, 2020, and are subject to substantial uncertainty. Our results are inherently unpredictable and may be materially affected by many factors, such as fluctuations in foreign exchange rates, changes in global economic conditions and customer spending, world events, the rate of growth of the Internet, online commerce, and cloud services, and the various factors detailed below. This guidance reflects our estimates as of July 30, 2020 regarding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our operations, including those discussed above, and is highly dependent on numerous factors that we may not be able to predict or control, including: the duration and scope of the pandemic, including any recurrence; actions taken by governments, businesses, and individuals in response to the pandemic; the impact of the pandemic on global and regional economies and economic activity, workforce staffing and productivity, and our significant and continuing spending on employee safety measures; our ability to continue operations in affected areas; and consumer demand and spending patterns, as well as the effects on suppliers, creditors, and third-party sellers, all of which are uncertain. This guidance also assumes the impacts on consumer demand and spending patterns, including impacts due to concerns over the current economic outlook, will be in line with those experienced during the third quarter to date, and the additional assumptions set forth below. However, it is not possible to determine the ultimate impact on our operations for the third quarter, or whether other currently unanticipated direct or indirect consequences of the pandemic are reasonably likely to materially affect our operations., Third Quarter 2020 Guidance• Net sales are expected to be between $87.0 billion and $93.0 billion, or to grow between 24% and 33% compared with third quarter 2019. This guidance anticipates an unfavorable impact of approximately 20 basis points from foreign exchange rates. • Operating income is expected to be between $2.0 billion and $5.0 billion, compared with $3.2 billion in third quarter 2019. This guidance assumes more than $2.0 billion of costs related to COVID-19. • This guidance assumes, among other things, that no additional business acquisitions, investments, restructurings, or legal settlements are concluded., A conference call will be webcast live today at 2:30 p.m. PT/5:30 p.m. ET, and will be available for at least three months at amazon.com/ir. This call will contain forward-looking statements and other material information regarding the Company’s financial and operating results., These forward-looking statements are inherently difficult to predict. Actual results could differ materially for a variety of reasons, including, in addition to the factors discussed above, the amount that Amazon.com invests in new business opportunities and the timing of those investments, the mix of products and services sold to customers, the mix of net sales derived from products as compared with services, the extent to which we owe income or other taxes, competition, management of growth, potential fluctuations in operating results, international growth and expansion, the outcomes of claims, litigation, government investigations, and other proceedings, fulfillment, sortation, delivery, and data center optimization, risks of inventory management, seasonality, the degree to which the Company enters into, maintains, and develops commercial agreements, proposed and completed acquisitions and strategic transactions, payments risks, and risks of fulfillment throughput and productivity. Other risks and uncertainties include, among others, risks related to new products, services, and technologies, system interruptions, government regulation and taxation, and fraud. In addition, additional or unforeseen effects from the COVID-19 pandemic and the global economic climate may give rise to or amplify many of these risks. More information about factors that potentially could affect Amazon.com’s financial results is included in Amazon.com’s filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), including its most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and subsequent filings., Our investor relations website is amazon.com/ir and we encourage investors to use it as a way of easily finding information about us. We promptly make available on this website, free of charge, the reports that we file or furnish with the SEC, corporate governance information (including our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics), and select press releases, which may contain material information about us, and you may subscribe to be notified of new information posted to this site., About AmazonAmazon is guided by four principles: customer obsession rather than competitor focus, passion for invention, commitment to operational excellence, and long-term thinking. Customer reviews, 1-Click shopping, personalized recommendations, Prime, Fulfillment by Amazon, AWS, Kindle Direct Publishing, Kindle, Fire tablets, Fire TV, Amazon Echo, and Alexa are some of the products and services pioneered by Amazon. For more information, visit amazon.com/about and follow @AmazonNews., AMAZON.COM, INC.Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows(in millions)(unaudited)   Three Months Ended, June 30,Six Months Ended, June 30,Twelve Months Ended, June 30, 2019 2020 2019 2020 2019 2020, CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND RESTRICTED CASH, BEGINNING OF PERIOD $ 23,507 $ 27,505 $ 32,173 $ 36,410 $ 20,536 $ 22,965 OPERATING ACTIVITIES:Net income  2,625  5,243  6,186  7,778  12,096  13,180 Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash from operating activities:, Depreciation and amortization of property and equipment and capitalized content costs, operating lease assets, and other  5,202  5,748  10,056  11,110  18,097  22,843 Stock-based compensation  1,971  2,601  3,245  4,358  6,012  7,977 Other operating expense (income), net  80  282  67  348  200  445 Other expense (income), net  (7)  (769)  (142)  (204)  152  (310) Deferred income taxes  105  465  520  787  958  1,063 , Changes in operating assets and liabilities:Inventories  (2,100)  (672)  (1,381)  720  (3,826)  (1,176) Accounts receivable, net and other  (2,193)  (2,854)  (2,594)  (1,592)  (6,873)  (6,680) Accounts payable  3,668  8,616  (2,716)  573  8,060  11,482 Accrued expenses and other  (623)  1,699  (3,556)  (1,063)  (653)  1,110 Unearned revenue  390  247  1,278  854  1,806  1,286 , Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities  9,118  20,606  10,963  23,669  36,029  51,220 INVESTING ACTIVITIES:Purchases of property and equipment  (3,562)  (7,459)  (6,852)  (14,254)  (13,938)  (24,263) Proceeds from property and equipment sales and incentives  919  844  1,488  2,212  2,927  4,895 Acquisitions, net of cash acquired, and other  (117)  (118)  (1,285)  (210)  (2,592)  (1,385) Sales and maturities of marketable securities  5,161  8,138  7,804  19,764  11,706  34,641 Purchases of marketable securities  (9,950)  (19,209)  (16,827)  (34,210)  (22,919)  (49,196) , Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities  (7,549)  (17,804)  (15,672)  (26,698)  (24,816)  (35,308) FINANCING ACTIVITIES:Proceeds from short-term debt, and other  222  2,433  307  3,050  972  4,145 Repayments of short-term debt, and other  (73)  (1,906)  (363)  (2,537)  (958)  (3,693) Proceeds from long-term debt  61  9,918  166  9,994  347  10,699 Repayments of long-term debt  (39)  (205)  (101)  (241)  (122)  (1,305) Principal repayments of finance leases  (2,327)  (2,817)  (4,541)  (5,417)  (8,693)  (10,504) Principal repayments of financing obligations  (2)  (15)  (3)  (32)  (211)  (56) , Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities  (2,158)  7,408  (4,535)  4,817  (8,665)  (714) Foreign currency effect on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash  47  127  36  (356)  (119)  (321) Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash  (542)  10,337  (9,208)  1,432  2,429  14,877 CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND RESTRICTED CASH, END OF PERIOD $ 22,965 $ 37,842 $ 22,965 $ 37,842 $ 22,965 $ 37,842 SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION:, Cash paid for interest on debt $ 147 $ 139 $ 433 $ 430 $ 837 $ 872 Cash paid for operating leases  838  1,086  1,547  2,115  1,547  3,929 Cash paid for interest on finance leases  150  161  315  329  536  662 Cash paid for interest on financing obligations  4  21  5  43  105  77 Cash paid for income taxes, net of refunds  283  486  451  791  822  1,221 Assets acquired under operating leases  2,220  3,347  3,094  5,755  3,094  10,530 Property and equipment acquired under finance leases  3,307  3,155  5,935  5,321  11,944  13,110 Property and equipment acquired under build-to-suit arrangements  283  482  719  861  2,825  1,504 , AMAZON.COM, INC.Consolidated Statements of Operations(in millions, except per share data)(unaudited)  Three Months Ended, June 30,Six Months Ended, June 30, 2019 2020 2019 2020, Net product sales $ 35,856 $ 50,244 $ 70,139 $ 92,085 Net service sales  27,548  38,668  52,965  72,279 , Total net sales  63,404  88,912  123,104  164,364 Operating expenses:, Cost of sales  36,337  52,660  70,257  96,917 Fulfillment  9,271  13,806  17,872  25,337 Technology and content  9,065  10,388  16,991  19,713 Marketing  4,291  4,345  7,955  9,173 General and administrative  1,270  1,580  2,444  3,032 Other operating expense (income), net  86  290  81  360 , Total operating expenses  60,320  83,069  115,600  154,532 Operating income  3,084  5,843  7,504  9,832 Interest income  215  135  398  337 Interest expense  (383)  (403)  (749)  (805) Other income (expense), net  (27)  646  138  240 , Total non-operating income (expense)  (195)  378  (213)  (228) Income before income taxes  2,889  6,221  7,291  9,604 Provision for income taxes  (257)  (984)  (1,094)  (1,729) Equity-method investment activity, net of tax  (7)  6  (11)  (97) Net income $ 2,625 $ 5,243 $ 6,186 $ 7,778 Basic earnings per share $ 5.32 $ 10.50 $ 12.57 $ 15.59 Diluted earnings per share $ 5.22 $ 10.30 $ 12.31 $ 15.32 Weighted-average shares used in computation of earnings per share:, Basic  493  500  492  499 Diluted  503  509  503  508 , AMAZON.COM, INC.Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (in millions)(unaudited)  Three Months Ended, June 30,Six Months Ended, June 30, 2019 2020 2019 2020, Net income $ 2,625 $ 5,243 $ 6,186 $ 7,778 Other comprehensive income (loss):, Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax of $(6), $(8), $(8) and $13  7  207  (1)  (668) Net change in unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale debt securities:, Unrealized gains (losses), net of tax of $(11), $(73), $(11) and $(61)  44  407  76  205 Reclassification adjustment for losses (gains) included in “Other income (expense), net,” net of tax of $0, $0, $0 and $0  (1)  (6)  —  (6) , Net unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale debt securities  43  401  76  199 , Total other comprehensive income (loss)  50  608  75  (469) Comprehensive income $ 2,675 $ 5,851 $ 6,261 $ 7,309 , AMAZON.COM, INC.Segment Information(in millions)(unaudited)   Three Months Ended, June 30,Six Months Ended, June 30, 2019 2020 2019 2020, North AmericaNet sales $ 38,653 $ 55,436 $ 74,465 $ 101,563 Operating expenses  37,089  53,295  70,614  98,111 Operating income $ 1,564 $ 2,141 $ 3,851 $ 3,452 , InternationalNet sales $ 16,370 $ 22,668 $ 32,563 $ 41,774 Operating expenses  16,971  22,323  33,253  41,826 Operating income (loss) $ (601) $ 345 $ (690) $ (52) , AWSNet sales $ 8,381 $ 10,808 $ 16,076 $ 21,027 Operating expenses  6,260  7,451  11,733  14,595 Operating income $ 2,121 $ 3,357 $ 4,343 $ 6,432 , ConsolidatedNet sales $ 63,404 $ 88,912 $ 123,104 $ 164,364 Operating expenses  60,320  83,069  115,600  154,532 Operating income  3,084  5,843  7,504  9,832 Total non-operating income (expense)  (195)  378  (213)  (228) Provision for income taxes  (257)  (984)  (1,094)  (1,729) Equity-method investment activity, net of tax  (7)  6  (11)  (97) Net income $ 2,625 $ 5,243 $ 6,186 $ 7,778 , Segment Highlights:Y/Y net sales growth:, North America  20 %  43 %  18 %  36 %International  12  38  10  28 AWS  37  29  39  31 Consolidated  20  40  18  34 , Net sales mix:North America  61 %  62 %  61 %  62 %International  26  26  26  25 AWS  13  12  13  13 Consolidated  100 %  100 %  100 %  100 %, AMAZON.COM, INC.Consolidated Balance Sheets(in millions, except per share data) , December 31, 2019 June 30, 2020(unaudited), ASSETS, Current assets:Cash and cash equivalents $ 36,092 $ 37,466 Marketable securities  18,929  33,925 Inventories  20,497  19,599 Accounts receivable, net and other  20,816  19,918 , Total current assets  96,334  110,908 Property and equipment, net  72,705  86,517 Operating leases  25,141  28,537 Goodwill  14,754  14,751 Other assets  16,314  17,601 , Total assets $ 225,248 $ 258,314 LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY, Current liabilities:Accounts payable $ 47,183 $ 51,036 Accrued expenses and other  32,439  33,863 Unearned revenue  8,190  8,997 , Total current liabilities  87,812  93,896 Long-term lease liabilities  39,791  42,798 Long-term debt  23,414  33,128 Other long-term liabilities  12,171  14,764 Commitments and contingenciesStockholders’ equity:, Preferred stock, $0.01 par value:Authorized shares — 500Issued and outstanding shares — none  —  — , Common stock, $0.01 par value:Authorized shares — 5,000Issued shares — 521 and 524Outstanding shares — 498 and 501  5  5 , Treasury stock, at cost  (1,837)  (1,837) Additional paid-in capital  33,658  38,017 Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)  (986)  (1,455) Retained earnings  31,220  38,998 , Total stockholders’ equity  62,060  73,728 Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $ 225,248 $ 258,314 , AMAZON.COM, INC.Supplemental Financial Information and Business Metrics(in millions, except per share data)(unaudited), Q1 2019 Q2 2019 Q3 2019 Q4 2019 Q1 2020 Q2 2020Y/Y %Change, Cash Flows and SharesOperating cash flow -- trailing twelve months (TTM) $ 34,360 $ 36,029 $ 35,332 $ 38,514 $ 39,732 $ 51,220  42 %, Operating cash flow -- TTM Y/Y growth  89 %  65 %  33 %  25 %  16 %  42 % N/A, Purchases of property and equipment, net of proceeds from sales and incentives -- TTM$ 11,316 $ 11,011 $ 11,868 $ 12,689 $ 15,395 $ 19,368  76 %, Principal repayments of finance leases -- TTM (1) $ 7,649 $ 8,693 $ 8,754 $ 9,628 $ 10,013 $ 10,504  21 %, Principal repayments of financing obligations -- TTM (1) $ 266 $ 211 $ 129 $ 27 $ 43 $ 56  (73) %, Equipment acquired under finance leases -- TTM (1) (2) $ 10,909 $ 11,656 $ 12,580 $ 12,916 $ 12,209 $ 11,952  3 %, Principal repayments of all other finance leases -- TTM (1) (3) $ 76 $ 176 $ 302 $ 392 $ 407 $ 415  136 %, Free cash flow -- TTM (4) $ 23,044 $ 25,018 $ 23,464 $ 25,825 $ 24,337 $ 31,852  27 %, Free cash flow less principal repayments of finance leases and financing obligations-- TTM (1) (5) $ 15,129 $ 16,114 $ 14,581 $ 16,170 $ 14,281 $ 21,292  32 %, Free cash flow less equipment finance leases and principal repayments of all other finance leases and financing obligations -- TTM (1) (6) $ 11,793 $ 12,975 $ 10,453 $ 12,490 $ 11,678 $ 19,429  50 %, Common shares and stock-based awards outstanding  507  510  511  512  513  517  1 %, Common shares outstanding  492  494  495  498  499  501  1 %, Stock-based awards outstanding  15  16  16  14  14  16  — %, Stock-based awards outstanding -- % of common shares outstanding  3.0 %  3.3 %  3.2 %  2.9 %  2.8 %  3.2 % N/A, Results of OperationsWorldwide (WW) net sales $ 59,700 $ 63,404 $ 69,981 $ 87,437 $ 75,452 $ 88,912  40 %, WW net sales -- Y/Y growth, excluding F/X  19 %  21 %  25 %  21 %  27 %  41 % N/A, WW net sales -- TTM $ 241,546 $ 252,064 $ 265,469 $ 280,522 $ 296,274 $ 321,782  28 %, WW net sales -- TTM Y/Y growth, excluding F/X  26 %  23 %  22 %  22 %  23 %  28 % N/A, Operating income $ 4,420 $ 3,084 $ 3,157 $ 3,879 $ 3,989 $ 5,843  89 %, F/X impact -- favorable (unfavorable) $ 84 $ 58 $ 22 $ 16 $ 63 $ 111 N/A, Operating income -- Y/Y growth (decline), excluding F/X  125 %  1 %  (16) %  2 %  (11) %  86 % N/A, Operating margin -- % of WW net sales  7.4 %  4.9 %  4.5 %  4.4 %  5.3 %  6.6 % N/A, Operating income -- TTM $ 14,914 $ 15,014 $ 14,448 $ 14,541 $ 14,109 $ 16,868  12 %, Operating income -- TTM  Y/Y growth (decline), excluding F/X  190 %  99 %  32 %  16 %  (6) %  11 % N/A, Operating margin -- TTM % of WW net sales  6.2 %  6.0 %  5.4 %  5.2 %  4.8 %  5.2 % N/A, Net income $ 3,561 $ 2,625 $ 2,134 $ 3,268 $ 2,535 $ 5,243  100 %, Net income per diluted share $ 7.09 $ 5.22 $ 4.23 $ 6.47 $ 5.01 $ 10.30  97 %, Net income -- TTM $ 12,005 $ 12,096 $ 11,347 $ 11,588 $ 10,563 $ 13,180  9 %, Net income per diluted share -- TTM $ 23.96 $ 24.08 $ 22.57 $ 23.01 $ 20.93 $ 26.04  8 %______________________________(1) On January 1, 2019, we adopted accounting guidance amending the accounting for leases, which did not have a material impact on our 2019 operating results. Prior period amounts were not retrospectively adjusted. Under this new guidance, leases we previously referred to as “capital leases” are now referred to as “finance leases.” Leases we previously referred to as “finance leases” are now referred to as “financing obligations.” (2) For the twelve months ended June 30, 2019 and 2020, this amount relates to equipment included in “Property and equipment acquired under finance leases” of $11,944 million and $13,110 million.(3) For the twelve months ended June 30, 2019 and 2020, this amount relates to property included in “Principal repayments of finance leases” of $8,693 million and $10,504 million.(4) Free cash flow is cash flow from operations reduced by “Purchases of property and equipment, net of proceeds from sales and incentives.”(5) Free cash flow less principal repayments of finance leases and financing obligations is free cash flow reduced by “Principal repayments of finance leases” and “Principal repayments of financing obligations.”(6) Free cash flow less equipment finance leases and principal repayments of all other finance leases and financing obligations is free cash flow reduced by equipment acquired under finance leases, which is included in “Property and equipment acquired under finance leases,” principal repayments of all other finance lease liabilities, which is included in “Principal repayments of finance leases,” and “Principal repayments of financing obligations.” , AMAZON.COM, INC.Supplemental Financial Information and Business Metrics(in millions)(unaudited), Q1 2019 Q2 2019 Q3 2019 Q4 2019 Q1 2020 Q2 2020Y/Y %Change, SegmentsNorth America Segment:  Net sales $ 35,812 $ 38,653 $ 42,638 $ 53,670 $ 46,127 $ 55,436  43 %  Net sales -- Y/Y growth, excluding F/X  17 %  20 %  24 %  22 %  29 %  44 % N/A  Net sales -- TTM $ 146,453 $ 152,938 $ 161,228 $ 170,773 $ 181,088 $ 197,871  29 %  Operating income $ 2,287 $ 1,564 $ 1,282 $ 1,900 $ 1,312 $ 2,141  37 %  F/X impact -- favorable (unfavorable) $ 13 $ 7 $ 6 $ (3) $ 5 $ (4) N/A  Operating income -- Y/Y growth (decline), excluding F/X  98 %  (15) %  (37) %  (16) %  (43) %  37 % N/A  Operating margin -- % of North America net sales  6.4 %  4.0 %  3.0 %  3.5 %  2.8 %  3.9 % N/A  Operating income -- TTM $ 8,405 $ 8,134 $ 7,384 $ 7,033 $ 6,057 $ 6,634  (18) %  Operating margin -- TTM % of North America net sales  5.7 %  5.3 %  4.6 %  4.1 %  3.4 %  3.4 % N/A, ...]</td>\n","    </tr>\n","    <tr>\n","      <th>4</th>\n","      <td>AMZN-Q3-2020-Earnings-Release</td>\n","      <td>[Microsoft Word - AMZN-Q3-2020-Earnings-Release.docx   , AMAZON.COM ANNOUNCES THIRD QUARTER RESULTS , SEATTLE—(BUSINESS WIRE) October 29, 2020—Amazon.com, Inc. (NASDAQ: AMZN) today announced financial results for its third quarter ended September 30, 2020.   • Operating cash flow increased 56% to $55.3 billion for the trailing twelve months, compared with $35.3 billion for the trailing twelve months ended September 30, 2019.  • Free cash flow increased to $29.5 billion for the trailing twelve months, compared with $23.5 billion for the trailing twelve months ended September 30, 2019.  • Free cash flow less principal repayments of finance leases and financing obligations increased to $18.4 billion for the trailing twelve months, compared with $14.6 billion for the trailing twelve months ended September 30, 2019.  • Free cash flow less equipment finance leases and principal repayments of all other finance leases and financing obligations increased to $17.9 billion for the trailing twelve months, compared with $10.5 billion for the trailing twelve months ended September 30, 2019. • Common shares outstanding plus shares underlying stock-based awards totaled 518 million on September 30, 2020, compared with 511 million one year ago. • Net sales increased 37% to $96.1 billion in the third quarter, compared with $70.0 billion in third quarter 2019. Excluding the $691 million favorable impact from year-over-year changes in foreign exchange rates throughout the quarter, net sales increased 36% compared with third quarter 2019. • Operating income increased to $6.2 billion in the third quarter, compared with operating income of $3.2 billion in third quarter 2019.  • Net income increased to $6.3 billion in the third quarter, or $12.37 per diluted share, compared with net income of $2.1 billion, or $4.23 per diluted share, in third quarter 2019.   “Two years ago, we increased Amazon’s minimum wage to $15 for all full-time, part-time, temporary, and seasonal employees across the U.S. and challenged other large employers to do the same. Best Buy and Target have stepped up, and we hope other large employers will also make the jump to $15. Now would be a great time,” said Jeff Bezos, Amazon founder and CEO. “Offering jobs with industry-leading pay and great healthcare, including to entry-level and front-line employees, is even more meaningful in a time like this, and we’re proud to have created over 400,000 jobs this year alone. We’re seeing more customers than ever shopping early for their holiday gifts, which is just one of the signs that this is going to be an unprecedented holiday season. Big thank you to our employees and selling partners around the world who’ve been busy getting ready to deliver for customers this holiday.”  Highlights  Investing in Jobs and Employees • Amazon announced that it is creating hundreds of thousands of new jobs around the world for people at all skill levels and stages of their careers, including: • 100,000 new permanent jobs with industry-leading pay of at least $15 per hour, benefits starting on day one, sign-on bonuses of up to $1,000 in select U.S. cities, and access to company-subsidized upskilling programs like Career Choice. This hiring was part of Amazon opening 100 new operations buildings across North America. • 100,000 new seasonal jobs with Amazon Air, logistics, fulfillment centers, sortation centers, and global specialty fulfillment teams in the U.S. and Canada.   • 10,000 corporate and technology jobs in Bellevue, WA as part of the continued expansion of Amazon’s Puget Sound headquarters, and 7,000 new jobs at Tech Hubs in Dallas, Detroit, Denver, New York, Phoenix, San Diego, Toronto, and Vancouver. • 10,000 new permanent jobs in the UK, bringing the total in the country to 40,000; and thousands of new permanent jobs in Germany, bringing the total in the country to 16,000.  • In India, Amazon announced the expansion of its operations network with 10 new fulfillment centers, 5 new sortation centers, nearly 200 delivery stations, and over 100,000 seasonal jobs to help meet customer demand during the festive season. The company also launched an all-women delivery station in the state of Gujarat – the second of its kind in the country and part of the company’s ongoing efforts to provide more opportunities for women to build careers at Amazon. • More than 320,000 people attended Amazon’s Career Day, a virtual event that provided insights, tips, and advice to job seekers on how to build their career and apply for more than 130,000 corporate, technology, and operations positions available at Amazon in North America. Amazon received a record 384,000 applications for roles in Canada and the U.S. within a week of announcing the event.  • Amazon has promoted more than 35,000 people across its U.S. operations network this year, and more than 30,000 people have participated in Career Choice, an innovative program to upskill employees interested in pursuing a future outside Amazon. Over half of the tens of thousands of program participants this year are from underrepresented minority groups. • Amazon Studios and Howard University announced they will partner for a second year of the Howard Entertainment Program, which aims to further diversify the entertainment industry by creating a pipeline of underrepresented talent, including Black students, through internships and other educational opportunities. • Amazon continues to ramp up its in-house COVID-19 testing program to keep front-line employees safe, with capacity reaching 50,000 tests a day across 650 sites by November.  • Amazon was named to multiple leading rankings and awards, including: #2 on the Forbes World’s Best Employers, a survey of workers on satisfaction with their employers’ COVID-19 response, talent development, gender equality, social responsibility, and more; #3 on the Axios Harris Poll 100, Amazon’s eighth year in a row in the top 3 of this brand reputation survey; and #4 on Morning Consult’s Most Loved Brands in America, a measure of favorability, trust, and community impact.  Supporting Communities • Amazon announced plans to add more than 3,000 new schools to Amazon Future Engineer, a four-part program that funds high-quality, age-appropriate computer science curriculum for students and professional development for teachers. With the addition of these new schools, Amazon Future Engineer will expand to reach over 550,000 K-12 students across more than 5,000 elementary, middle, and high schools in underserved communities. • Amazon donated more than one million emergency aid items, including water, generators, air filters, food, KN95 masks, and cleaning supplies, to community partners providing disaster relief to people affected by wildfires in California, Oregon, and Washington, as well as Hurricane Laura along the Gulf Coast.  • Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, Amazon expanded its Right Now Needs Fund in the Puget Sound region and launched a new fund focused on Northern Virginia. The $3.5 million donation will provide students located near Amazon’s two headquarters with immediate access to food, shelter, clothing, school supplies, and more to help eliminate barriers to learning and ensure students can focus on education throughout the school year. • To support communities disproportionately impacted by COVID-19, Amazon announced it will make millions of dollars in product and monetary donations to more than a thousand charities this holiday season in Australia, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, Singapore, Spain, the UK, the U.S., and more.  Protecting the Planet • Mercedes-Benz, Best Buy, McKinstry, Real Betis, Schneider Electric, and Siemens signed The Climate Pledge, a commitment co-founded by Amazon and Global Optimism to achieve net-zero carbon by 2040, a decade ahead of the Paris Agreement.  • CarbonCure, Pachama, Redwood Materials, Rivian, and Turntide Technologies were the first companies to receive investments from Amazon as part of The Climate Pledge Fund, a $2 billion fund that invests in visionary companies whose product and service solutions will facilitate the transition to a zero-carbon economy.   • In Europe, Amazon announced it will add 1,800 electric delivery vehicles from Mercedes-Benz Vans to its delivery fleet—the largest order of electric vehicles from Mercedes-Benz Vans to date. • Amazon unveiled its first custom electric delivery vehicle, designed and built in partnership with Rivian. The new vehicles will make their first deliveries to Amazon customers in 2021. As early as 2022, there will be 10,000 of these vehicles on roads in the U.S. and EU, and all 100,000 vehicles are expected to be on the road by 2030. • In the U.S. and EU, Amazon launched Climate Pledge Friendly, a new program that identifies products with one or more of 19 different sustainability certifications, making it easy for customers to discover and shop for more sustainable products in Amazon’s store. Products identified as Climate Pledge Friendly meet standards that help preserve the natural world, such as reducing the carbon footprint of shipments to customers. Amazon also announced Compact by Design, a new sustainability certification for products with a more efficient design that leads to carbon emission reductions by requiring less packaging or less frequent purchases by customers.  • Amazon announced its most sustainable devices ever. The new Echo and Fire TV devices include 100% post-consumer recycled fabric, 100% recycled die-cast aluminum, and 30-50% post-consumer recycled plastic, and new features like Low Power Mode and an energy dashboard will enable customers to understand and reduce the energy consumption of their devices. • Amazon is building new wind and solar farms to produce clean energy equivalent to the electricity used by every customer’s Echo device. The company has said it will continue building new renewable energy projects until it accounts for the energy consumption of all Amazon devices. • Amazon announced its first operational wind farm outside the U.S. in Bäckhammar, Sweden. The wind farm is expected to deliver 280,000-megawatt hours of clean energy annually into the Swedish grid.  Empowering Small and Medium-Sized Businesses • Amazon hosted Amazon Accelerate, its largest-ever U.S. event to share best practices with small businesses on how to serve customers in Amazon’s store and grow their businesses. At the virtual event, Amazon also announced plans to invest billions of dollars to help small and medium-sized businesses succeed, and it outlined plans to onboard an additional 100,000 small and medium-sized businesses in the next year.  • Amazon hosted its second annual Ignite Digital Festival for more than 1,500 Delivery Service Partners (DSP). The virtual event showcased product and technology innovations to help them succeed, including over 250 logistics program and product changes, from routing updates and navigation improvements on the drivers’ delivery app to state-of-the-art safety technology adjustments. Since the DSP program launched over two years ago, there are now more than 1,700 owners across Canada, Germany, Spain, the UK, and the U.S. who have created over 100,000 jobs in their communities, delivered more than 2.2 billion packages worldwide, and generated over $5 billion in revenue for their small businesses. • Amazon India hosted Stand for Handmade, a 10-week program to help boost sales for Indian artisans, weavers, and women entrepreneurs by waiving selling fees and promoting local, handmade products to customers. Participating Karigar (artisans) and Saheli (women) sellers more than doubled their sales during this period, and more than 200 new sellers joined the Karigar program. • Amazon Australia launched Amazon Launchpad Innovation Grants, an initiative to celebrate innovation by Australian start-ups, entrepreneurs, and small and medium-sized businesses. The program will offer grant packages to organizations with innovative products that support Australians through the pandemic.  Shopping and Entertainment • In 19 countries, Amazon’s Prime Day kicked-off the holiday shopping season on October 13-14 with the two biggest days ever for small and medium businesses in Amazon’s stores. Third-party sellers—most of which are small and medium-sized businesses—surpassed $3.5 billion in sales on Prime Day—a nearly 60% year-over-year increase, growing even more than Amazon’s retail business. Prime members saved more than $1.4 billion, taking advantage of deep discounts and incredible deals over the two-day event. • Amazon India kicked off the Great Indian Festival on October 17, a month-long celebration with deals across popular categories such as smartphones, appliances, televisions, and consumer electronics. Sellers and brand partners experienced the biggest two days of sales in the festival’s history. Amazon India also hosted Prime Day on August 6-7, during which twice as many customers became Prime members compared to the previous year. • Amazon launched Prime in Turkey, bringing the total number of countries with Prime to 20. Prime in Turkey includes free, fast delivery on thousands of items across 20 categories, as well as access to Prime Video, Prime Gaming, and exclusive deals on Prime Day and throughout the year.    • Amazon.se launched in Sweden, offering customers more than 150 million products to choose from with everyday low prices and free delivery for eligible orders above SEK 229. • Amazon announced that Project Zero—a tool enabling brands to remove potential counterfeit products in Amazon’s store—is available in 17 countries around the world, with Australia, Brazil, the Netherlands, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Turkey, and the UAE recently added to the program. Project Zero combines Amazon’s advanced technology and machine learning with the sophisticated knowledge that brands have of their own intellectual property to drive counterfeits to zero.  • Amazon launched Amazon One, a fast, convenient, contactless way for people to use their palm to enter, identify, and pay. The highly-secure service uses custom-built algorithms and hardware to create a person’s unique palm signature. Amazon One is currently available in two Amazon Go stores in Seattle, with plans to expand to additional Amazon stores. • The first Amazon Fresh grocery stores opened in Woodland Hills and Irvine, CA. Amazon Fresh offers a seamless grocery shopping experience whether customers are shopping in-store or online, consistently low prices, a wide assortment of national brands and freshly prepared foods made daily, and free same-day delivery and pick-up for Prime members. The stores also offer new ways to make grocery shopping more convenient, including the Amazon Dash Cart, which enables customers to skip the checkout line, and new Alexa features to help customers manage their shopping lists and better navigate aisles. • Amazon Fashion announced the launch of Luxury Stores, a new shopping experience for eligible U.S. Prime members, offering established and emerging luxury fashion and beauty brands.  • The Amazon Studios global original movies slate continues to grow, with additions such as Sacha Baron Cohen’s political satire Borat Subsequent Moviefilm, which recently launched globally on Prime Video, as well as Tom Clancy’s Without Remorse, starring Michael B. Jordan, slated to launch in 2021.  • Amazon premiered several new and returning Amazon Original series, including The Boys, Breathe into the Shadows, Bandish Bandits, Mirzapur, and Putham Pudhu Kaalai in India, Peep Time and Documental S8 in Japan, Pan y Circo in Mexico, and All or Nothing: Tottenham Hotspur in the UK.  • Amazon Prime Video announced that live international rugby games will be exclusively available to UK Prime customers this winter with a brand new tournament called the Autumn Nations Cup. The tournament will feature the Six Nations (England, France, Ireland, Italy, Scotland, and Wales) as well as two guest teams from Fiji and Georgia. • Amazon Music announced multiple new services and features, including partnering with Twitch to add livestreaming to the Amazon Music app, enabling fans to engage with artists in brand-new ways and move seamlessly between livestreams and recorded music; launching podcasts for customers in Germany, Japan, the UK, and the U.S., across all tiers of service at no additional cost; and expanding its HD streaming tier to Canada, France, Italy, and Spain. • Amazon announced the launch of Prime Gaming, a new service that lets Prime members enjoy free, exclusive content for their favorite PC, console, and mobile games, plus a collection of PC games for free every month. Prime Gaming is included with Prime memberships and Prime Video subscriptions in over 200 countries and territories.  Amazon Devices and Alexa • Amazon introduced a reimagined family of Echo devices. The new Echo combines the best of Echo and Echo Plus into a single device with an all-new design, built-in smart home hub, and more powerful speakers; Echo Dot and Echo Dot with Clock feature a powerful speaker packed into a compact design; Echo Dot Kids Edition comes in Panda and Tiger designs with even more features for kids to enjoy; and the all-new Echo Show 10 now features a brilliant 10-inch, adaptive HD display that automatically moves to stay in view as you interact with Alexa.  • Amazon announced the new Fire TV Stick and Fire TV Stick Lite. Customers have purchased over 100 million Fire TV devices globally, and Fire TV customers are streaming billions of hours each month. The new Fire TV devices are 50% more powerful while using 50% less power than the previous Fire TV Stick. Amazon also introduced a redesigned Fire TV experience that provides new content-discovery features, enhanced Alexa voice integration, and user profiles for personalized recommendations. • Amazon announced new ways for customers to connect their devices with Amazon Sidewalk, a shared network that helps devices like Amazon Echo, Ring Security Cams, outdoor lights, and motion sensors work better at home and beyond the front door.  • Amazon announced the latest AI advancements that make Alexa more natural, conversational, and useful. These advancements include a new teaching capability that helps Alexa get smarter by asking questions to fill gaps in her   understanding, and natural turn-taking that will allow customers to interact with Alexa at their own pace without using a wake word, even when multiple people are talking. • Amazon introduced new features and services that continue to make Alexa smarter, like Guard Plus and the Care Hub, that help customers keep their homes and loved ones safe. Amazon also announced new Alexa privacy controls including the option for customers to not save voice recordings or simply say, “Alexa, delete everything I’ve said” to delete their voice history. Amazon expanded Alexa Calling and Messaging capabilities to help customers stay connected with the addition of group calling and integrations with Zoom and Amazon Chime. AT&amp;T customers can also link eligible mobile numbers to make and receive hands-free calls with Alexa.  • Amazon announced customers have connected more than 100 million smart home devices to Alexa, and introduced smart home features like additional Hunches, that let customers choose to have Alexa proactively act on their behalf.  • Amazon introduced new devices and features to help kids and families learn, stay connected, and have fun together. Kids can now make Alexa Announcements with their Fire Kids Edition Tablets, help build reading fluency with Reading Sidekick, and enjoy a custom-built kids experience with the new Echo Dot Kids Edition.  • Amazon announced Amazon Halo, a new service dedicated to helping customers improve their health and wellness. Amazon Halo combines a suite of AI-powered health features that provide actionable insights into overall wellness via the new Amazon Halo app with the Amazon Halo Band, which uses multiple advanced sensors to provide the information necessary to power Halo insights.  • Amazon announced Luna, a new cloud gaming service that allows customers to play high-quality games on devices they already own. As part of early access, players will have access to more than 100 games through the Luna+ game channel and Ubisoft channel, with more games to come. Luna is built on AWS and harnesses the power of the industry’s broadest and deepest cloud platform. Amazon also announced Luna Controller, which is Alexa-enabled and connects directly to the cloud for lower latency gaming. Luna will be available on Fire TV, PC, and Mac as well as on web apps for iPhone and iPad, with Android coming soon.  • Ring announced several new products and features, including a new category of devices for the car (Ring Car Alarm, Ring Car Cam, Ring Car Connect API, and Ring Car Connect for Tesla), the autonomous flying indoor security camera Ring Always Home Cam, and a new Mailbox Sensor.  • Amazon announced new eero Pro 6 and eero 6 mesh wifi systems that feature Wi-Fi 6 support for faster speeds, higher performance, and better support for simultaneous connected devices.  • Amazon continues to support developers and startups with new Alexa tools and features, investments, and programs. Amazon announced that Dolby, Facebook, Garmin, and Xiaomi have joined the Voice Interoperability Initiative, a program to ensure voice-enabled products provide customers with choice and flexibility through multiple, interoperable voice services.  The Alexa Fund invested in health and fitness companies Tonal and Zwift; enterprise AI company Fiddler Labs; maker of smart sensor chips Aspinity; and creators of personalized sound environments Endel. The investments are in addition to the launch of two new programs in collaboration with Blavity’s AfroTech World and All Raise to support underrepresented founders. • The Federal Communications Commission voted unanimously to approve Project Kuiper, a low earth orbit satellite constellation capable of providing reliable, affordable broadband to unserved and underserved communities around the world. Amazon will invest more than $10 billion in the initiative, creating jobs and infrastructure around the U.S. that will enable the team to deliver on its vision for the project. • Blink launched Blink Indoor and Outdoor, two new wireless smart home security cameras that offer two-year battery life, HD video, new privacy zones features, and local or cloud storage options for saved clips. Cameras are available for purchase in Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, the UK, and the U.S.   Amazon Web Services • AWS announced significant customer momentum with new commitments and migrations, including: leading payments technology company Global Payments, to manage issuer processing and handling of their approximately 27 billion transactions processed annually; biotechnology company Moderna, to accelerate the development of messenger RNA medicines to prevent and fight diseases, including a vaccine candidate against COVID-19; restaurant chain Jack in the Box to enhance digital ordering, dining, and customer service experiences for its guests and to drive operational efficiency across its more than 2,200 restaurants; premier visual effects company Weta Digital to accelerate rendering of graphical visual effects, free up talent and resources, and deliver on its multi-year movie slate; leading job site Indeed to migrate more than 30 petabytes of data to AWS, reducing its global data center footprint by 40% while streamlining its IT operations; household appliance manufacturer Arçelik to use analytics, IoT, and machine learning services to build smart factories, automated production lines, and cloud connected appliances; IT services company   and AWS Partner Network (APN) Premier Consulting Partner DXC Technology to replace its legacy contact center technology and drive automation, cutting operational costs by 40%, reducing volume of common calls by up to 60%, and migrating 1,000 service desk seats; hotel franchise Best Western International to migrate largest contact center within one month and move all agents to remote within one week, enabling seamless support for 14 languages in over 35 countries while reducing costs by 40%; and cold chain provider Carrier to transform how temperature-sensitive goods such as food, medicines, and vaccines are moved around the world by enhancing safety, reliability, and efficiency. • AWS and The National Football League (NFL) announced the first six new advanced stats for the 2020 season through the NFL’s Next Gen Stats platform powered by AWS. One of the new stats, “Expected Rush Yards,” is born out of the NFL’s Big Data Bowl competition that AWS sponsored during the NFL Combine. The new advanced stats combine player tracking and machine learning to bring new insights to game play in the 2020 season. • AWS announced the general availability of Amazon Braket, a fully managed service that provides a development environment to help customers explore and design quantum algorithms. Quantum computing has the potential to solve computational problems that are beyond the reach of classical computers by harnessing the laws of quantum mechanics to build more powerful tools for processing information. Customers can use Amazon Braket to experiment with quantum algorithms through simulated quantum computers running on computing resources in AWS to help them verify their implementations. When ready, customers can use Amazon Braket to run their quantum algorithms on their choice of quantum processors based on different technologies, including systems from D-Wave, IonQ, and Rigetti.  • AWS announced the general availability of Amazon Timestream, a new time series database for IoT and operational applications that can scale to process trillions of time series events per day up to 1,000 times faster than relational databases, and at as low as 1/10th the cost. Amazon Timestream provides a serverless database service that is purpose-built to manage the scale and complexity of time series – such as data collected from industrial equipment, website clickstream logs, and data center infrastructure – so customers can analyze more data more easily and cost effectively, giving them the ability to derive additional insights and drive better business decisions from their IoT and operational monitoring applications.  • AWS announced the general availability of five AWS Wavelength Zones in Atlanta, Boston, New York City, the San Francisco Bay Area, and Washington D.C., enabling developers to build applications that deliver ultra-low latency to mobile devices and users by deploying AWS compute and storage at the edge of Verizon’s 5G network. With AWS Wavelength, developers can serve use cases that require ultra-low latency like machine learning inference at the edge, autonomous industrial equipment, smart cars and cities, Internet of Things (IoT), and Augmented and Virtual Reality. AWS is partnering with Verizon to bring AWS Wavelength to additional customers across the United States, and with other leading telecommunications providers, including Vodafone, SK Telecom, and KDDI, to launch Wavelength Zones across Europe, South Korea, and Japan in 2020 and beyond. • For the tenth consecutive year, AWS is positioned in the Leader’s quadrant in Gartner’s Magic Quadrant for Cloud Infrastructure &amp; Platform Service (IaaS &amp; PaaS, or “CIPS”), and once again placed highest in Ability to Execute and furthest in Completeness of Vision. • AWS announced the general availability of Amazon EBS io2 volume, the next generation Provisioned IOPS SSD volumes for Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS). The new io2 volume is designed for 100x higher volume durability (99.999%) when compared to the 99.9% durability offered by io1 Amazon EBS volumes. Higher volume durability reduces the likelihood of storage failures and makes the primary copy of customers’ data more resilient, resulting in better application availability. With io2, customers can drive 10x higher input/output operations per second (IOPS) from their provisioned storage at the same price as io1, so performance improves significantly without increasing storage cost. • AWS announced the general availability of AWS Nitro Enclaves, a new capability that makes it easier for customers to create isolated compute environments within Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) instances to securely process and protect highly sensitive data. AWS Nitro Enclaves helps customers reduce the attack surface for their applications by providing a trusted, highly isolated, and hardened environment for data processing. Each Enclave is a virtual machine created using the same Nitro Hypervisor technology that provides CPU and memory isolation for Amazon EC2 instances, but with no persistent storage, no administrator or operator access, and no external networking.    , Financial Guidance The following forward-looking statements reflect Amazon.com’s expectations as of October 29, 2020, and are subject to substantial uncertainty. Our results are inherently unpredictable and may be materially affected by many factors, such as fluctuations in foreign exchange rates, changes in global economic conditions and customer spending, world events, the rate of growth of the Internet, online commerce, and cloud services, and the various factors detailed below. This guidance reflects our estimates as of October 29, 2020 regarding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our operations, including those discussed above, and is highly dependent on numerous factors that we may not be able to predict or control, including: the duration and scope of the pandemic, including any recurrence; actions taken by governments, businesses, and individuals in response to the pandemic; the impact of the pandemic on global and regional economies and economic activity, workforce staffing and productivity, and our significant and continuing spending on employee safety measures; our ability to continue operations in affected areas; and consumer demand and spending patterns, as well as the effects on suppliers, creditors, and third-party sellers, all of which are uncertain. This guidance also assumes the impacts on consumer demand and spending patterns, including impacts due to concerns over the current economic outlook, will be in line with those experienced during the fourth quarter to date, and the additional assumptions set forth below. However, it is not possible to determine the ultimate impact on our operations for the fourth quarter, or whether other currently unanticipated direct or indirect consequences of the pandemic are reasonably likely to materially affect our operations. , Fourth Quarter 2020 Guidance • Net sales are expected to be between $112.0 billion and $121.0 billion, or to grow between 28% and 38% compared with fourth quarter 2019. This guidance anticipates a favorable impact of approximately 90 basis points from foreign exchange rates.  • Operating income is expected to be between $1.0 billion and $4.5 billion, compared with $3.9 billion in fourth quarter 2019. This guidance assumes approximately $4.0 billion of costs related to COVID-19.  • This guidance assumes, among other things, that no additional business acquisitions, investments, restructurings, or legal settlements are concluded.  A conference call will be webcast live today at 2:30 p.m. PT/5:30 p.m. ET, and will be available for at least three months at amazon.com/ir. This call will contain forward-looking statements and other material information regarding the Company’s financial and operating results.  These forward-looking statements are inherently difficult to predict. Actual results could differ materially for a variety of reasons, including, in addition to the factors discussed above, the amount that Amazon.com invests in new business opportunities and the timing of those investments, the mix of products and services sold to customers, the mix of net sales derived from products as compared with services, the extent to which we owe income or other taxes, competition, management of growth, potential fluctuations in operating results, international growth and expansion, the outcomes of claims, litigation, government investigations, and other proceedings, fulfillment, sortation, delivery, and data center optimization, risks of inventory management, seasonality, the degree to which the Company enters into, maintains, and develops commercial agreements, proposed and completed acquisitions and strategic transactions, payments risks, and risks of fulfillment throughput and productivity. Other risks and uncertainties include, among others, risks related to new products, services, and technologies, system interruptions, government regulation and taxation, and fraud. In addition, additional or unforeseen effects from the COVID-19 pandemic and the global economic climate may give rise to or amplify many of these risks. More information about factors that potentially could affect Amazon.com’s financial results is included in Amazon.com’s filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), including its most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and subsequent filings.  Our investor relations website is amazon.com/ir and we encourage investors to use it as a way of easily finding information about us. We promptly make available on this website, free of charge, the reports that we file or furnish with the SEC, corporate governance information (including our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics), and select press releases, which may contain material information about us, and you may subscribe to be notified of new information posted to this site. , About Amazon Amazon is guided by four principles: customer obsession rather than competitor focus, passion for invention, commitment to operational excellence, and long-term thinking. Customer reviews, 1-Click shopping, personalized recommendations, Prime, Fulfillment by Amazon, AWS, Kindle Direct Publishing, Kindle, Fire tablets, Fire TV, Amazon Echo, and Alexa are some of the products and services pioneered by Amazon. For more information, visit amazon.com/about and follow @AmazonNews.   , AMAZON.COM, INC. Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (in millions) (unaudited)     Three Months Ended , September 30,  Nine Months Ended , September 30,  Twelve Months Ended , September 30,   2019  2020  2019  2020  2019  2020                     CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND RESTRICTED CASH, BEGINNING OF PERIOD $ 22,965   $ 37,842   $ 32,173   $ 36,410   $ 21,032   $ 23,554  OPERATING ACTIVITIES:            Net income 2,134   6,331   8,320   14,109   11,347   17,377  Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash from operating activities:            Depreciation and amortization of property and equipment and capitalized content costs, operating lease assets, and other 5,563   6,523   15,619   17,633   19,881   23,803  Stock-based compensation 1,779   2,288   5,024   6,646   6,441   8,486  Other operating expense (income), net 47   67   114   416   186   466  Other expense (income), net 388   (1,051)  246   (1,255)  443   (1,749) Deferred income taxes 92   295   612   1,082   784   1,267  , Changes in operating assets and liabilities:            Inventories (381)  (3,899)  (1,762)  (3,178)  (3,112)  (4,694) Accounts receivable, net and other (1,181)  (2,016)  (3,776)  (3,608)  (5,172)  (7,515) Accounts payable 226   3,658   (2,490)  4,231   4,393   14,914  Accrued expenses and other (722)  (310)  (4,277)  (1,375)  (1,612)  1,520  Unearned revenue (53)  78   1,225   932   1,753   1,417  , Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities 7,892   11,964   18,855   35,633   35,332   55,292  INVESTING ACTIVITIES:            Purchases of property and equipment (4,697)  (11,063)  (11,549)  (25,317)  (15,282)  (30,629) Proceeds from property and equipment sales and incentives 1,312   1,255   2,800   3,467   3,414   4,838  Acquisitions, net of cash acquired, and other (398)  (1,735)  (1,684)  (1,945)  (2,015)  (2,722) Sales and maturities of marketable securities 7,251   13,135   15,056   32,899   16,994   40,525  Purchases of marketable securities (8,542)  (17,468)  (25,368)  (51,678)  (27,428)  (58,122) , Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities (5,074)  (15,876)  (20,745)  (42,574)  (24,317)  (46,110) FINANCING ACTIVITIES:            Proceeds from short-term debt, and other 415   1,311   722   4,361   1,292   5,042  Repayments of short-term debt, and other (341)  (1,349)  (704)  (3,886)  (1,129)  (4,701) Proceeds from long-term debt 287   —   453   9,994   589   10,412  Repayments of long-term debt (14)  (1,198)  (115)  (1,439)  (124)  (2,490) Principal repayments of finance leases (2,307)  (2,857)  (6,848)  (8,274)  (8,754)  (11,054) Principal repayments of financing obligations —   (12)  (3)  (44)  (129)  (68) , Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities (1,960)  (4,105)  (6,495)  712   (8,255)  (2,859) Foreign currency effect on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash (269)  377   (234)  21   (238)  325  Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash 589   (7,640)  (8,619)  (6,208)  2,522   6,648  CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND RESTRICTED CASH, END OF PERIOD $ 23,554   $ 30,202   $ 23,554   $ 30,202   $ 23,554   $ 30,202  , SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION:            Cash paid for interest on debt $ 287   $ 285   $ 720   $ 715   $ 842   $ 869  Cash paid for operating leases 872   1,159   2,420   3,275   2,420   4,215  Cash paid for interest on finance leases 167   155   481   484   585   650  Cash paid for interest on financing obligations 14   28   20   71   72   90  Cash paid for income taxes, net of refunds 241   502   692   1,293   863   1,481  Assets acquired under operating leases 2,299   6,115   5,393   11,870   5,393   14,346  Property and equipment acquired under finance leases 3,606   3,571   9,541   8,892   13,222   13,075  Property and equipment acquired under build-to-suit arrangements 390   366   1,109   1,228   2,252   1,480    , AMAZON.COM, INC. Consolidated Statements of Operations (in millions, except per share data) (unaudited)    Three Months Ended , September 30,  Nine Months Ended , September 30,   2019  2020  2019  2020               Net product sales $ 39,726   $ 52,774   $ 109,866   $ 144,859  Net service sales 30,255    43,371   83,220   115,650   , Total net sales 69,981    96,145   193,086   260,509   Operating expenses:        , Cost of sales 41,302    57,106   111,559   154,023   Fulfillment 10,167    14,705   28,040   40,043   Technology and content 9,200    10,976   26,191   30,691   Marketing 4,752    5,434   12,707   14,605   General and administrative 1,348    1,668   3,791   4,700   Other operating expense (income), net 55    62   136   421   , Total operating expenses 66,824    89,951   182,424   244,483   Operating income 3,157    6,194   10,662   16,026   Interest income 224    118   621   455   Interest expense (396)   (428)  (1,145)  (1,233)  Other income (expense), net (353)   925   (215)  1,165   , Total non-operating income (expense) (525)   615   (739)  387   Income before income taxes 2,632    6,809   9,923   16,413   Provision for income taxes (494)   (569)  (1,588)  (2,298)  Equity-method investment activity, net of tax (4)   91   (15)  (6)  Net income $ 2,134   $ 6,331   $ 8,320   $ 14,109  Basic earnings per share $ 4.31   $ 12.63   $ 16.87   $ 28.24  , Diluted earnings per share $ 4.23   $ 12.37   $ 16.53   $ 27.72  , Weighted-average shares used in computation of earnings per share:        , Basic 495    501   493   500   , Diluted 504    512   503   509     , AMAZON.COM, INC. Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income  (in millions) (unaudited)    Three Months Ended , September 30,  Nine Months Ended , September 30,   2019  2020  2019  2020               Net income $ 2,134   $ 6,331   $ 8,320   $ 14,109  Other comprehensive income (loss):        , Net change in foreign currency translation adjustments:        Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax of $1, $(15), $(6) and $(2) (368)   408   (369)  (260)  Reclassification adjustment for foreign currency translation included in “Other operating expense (income), net,” net of tax of $29, $0, $29 and $0 (108)   —   (108)  —   , Net foreign currency translation adjustments (476)   408   (477)  (260)  Net change in unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale debt securities:        , Unrealized gains (losses), net of tax of $(2), $(10), $(13) and $(73) 9    35   85   239   Reclassification adjustment for losses (gains) included in “Other income (expense), net,” net of tax of $0, $5, $0 and $7 (2)   (17)  (2)  (22)  , Net unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale debt securities 7    18   83   217   , Total other comprehensive income (loss) (469)   426   (394)  (43)  Comprehensive income $ 1,665   $ 6,757   $ 7,926   $ 14,066     , AMAZON.COM, INC. Segment Information (in millions) (unaudited)     Three Months Ended , September 30,  Nine Months Ended , September 30,   2019  2020  2019  2020               North America        , Net sales $ 42,638   $ 59,373    $ 117,104   $ 160,936  Operating expenses 41,356   57,121   111,971   155,232  Operating income $ 1,282   $ 2,252    $ 5,133   $ 5,704          International        , Net sales $ 18,348   $ 25,171    $ 50,910   $ 66,945  Operating expenses 18,734   24,764   51,986   66,590  Operating income (loss) $ (386)  $ 407    $ (1,076)  $ 355          AWS        , Net sales $ 8,995   $ 11,601    $ 25,072   $ 32,628  Operating expenses 6,734   8,066   18,467   22,661  Operating income $ 2,261   $ 3,535    $ 6,605   $ 9,967          Consolidated        , Net sales $ 69,981   $ 96,145    $ 193,086   $ 260,509  Operating expenses 66,824   89,951   182,424   244,483  Operating income 3,157   6,194   10,662   16,026  Total non-operating income (expense) (525)  615   (739)  387  Provision for income taxes (494)  (569)  (1,588)  (2,298) Equity-method investment activity, net of tax (4)  91   (15)  (6) Net income $ 2,134   $ 6,331    $ 8,320   $ 14,109          Segment Highlights:        , Y/Y net sales growth:        North America 24 %  39 %  20 %  37 % International 18   37   13   31  AWS 35   29   38   30  Consolidated 24   37   20   35  , Net sales mix:        North America 61 %  62 %  61 %  62 % International 26   26   26   26  AWS 13   12   13   12  Consolidated 100 %  100 %  100 %  100 %    , AMAZON.COM, INC. Consolidated Balance Sheets (in millions, except per share data)    December 31, 2019  September 30, 2020    (unaudited) , ASSETS    Current assets:    , Cash and cash equivalents $ 36,092   $ 29,930  Marketable securities 18,929   38,472  Inventories 20,497   23,735  Accounts receivable, net and other 20,816   20,832  , Total current assets 96,334   112,969  Property and equipment, net 72,705   99,981  Operating leases 25,141   34,119  Goodwill 14,754   14,960  Other assets 16,314   20,150  , Total assets $ 225,248   $ 282,179  LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY    , Current liabilities:    Accounts payable $ 47,183   $ 58,334  Accrued expenses and other 32,439   34,327  Unearned revenue 8,190   9,251  , Total current liabilities 87,812   101,912  Long-term lease liabilities 39,791   48,589  Long-term debt 23,414   32,929  Other long-term liabilities 12,171   15,974  Commitments and contingencies    Stockholders’ equity:    , Preferred stock, $0.01 par value:    Authorized shares — 500    Issued and outstanding shares — none —   —  , Common stock, $0.01 par value:    Authorized shares — 5,000    Issued shares — 521 and 525    Outstanding shares — 498 and 502 5   5  , Treasury stock, at cost (1,837)  (1,837) Additional paid-in capital 33,658   40,307  Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (986)  (1,029) Retained earnings 31,220   45,329  , Total stockholders’ equity 62,060   82,775  Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $ 225,248   $ 282,179    , AMAZON.COM, INC. Supplemental Financial Information and Business Metrics (in millions, except per share data) (unaudited)  Q2 2019 Q3 2019 Q4 2019 Q1 2020 Q2 2020 Q3 2020 Y/Y % Change , Cash Flows and Shares        Operating cash flow -- trailing twelve months (TTM) $ 36,029  $ 35,332   $ 38,514  $ 39,732  $ 51,220  $ 55,292  56  % Operating cash flow -- TTM Y/Y growth 65 % 33 % 25 % 16 % 42  % 56 % N/A Purchases of property and equipment, net of proceeds from sales and incentives -- TTM $ 11,011  $ 11,868   $ 12,689  $ 15,395  $ 19,368  $ 25,791  117  % Principal repayments of finance leases -- TTM (1) $ 8,693  $ 8,754   $ 9,628  $ 10,013  $ 10,504  $ 11,054  26  % Principal repayments of financing obligations -- TTM (1) $ 211  $ 129   $ 27  $ 43  $ 56  $ 68  (47) % Equipment acquired under finance leases -- TTM (1) (2) $ 11,656  $ 12,580   $ 12,916  $ 12,209  $ 11,952  $ 11,116  (12) % Principal repayments of all other finance leases -- TTM (1) (3) $ 176  $ 302   $ 392  $ 407  $ 415  $ 413  37  % Free cash flow -- TTM (4) $ 25,018  $ 23,464   $ 25,825  $ 24,337  $ 31,852  $ 29,501  26  % Free cash flow less principal repayments of finance leases and financing obligations -- TTM (1) (5) $ 16,114  $ 14,581   $ 16,170  $ 14,281  $ 21,292  $ 18,379  26  % Free cash flow less equipment finance leases and principal repayments of all other finance leases and financing obligations -- TTM (1) (6) $ 12,975  $ 10,453   $ 12,490  $ 11,678  $ 19,429  $ 17,904  71  % Common shares and stock-based awards outstanding 510  511  512  513  517   518  1  % Common shares outstanding 494  495  498  499  501   502  1  % Stock-based awards outstanding 16  16  14  14  16   16  —  % Stock-based awards outstanding -- % of common shares outstanding 3.3 % 3.2 % 2.9 % 2.8 % 3.2  % 3.3 % N/A Results of Operations        Worldwide (WW) net sales $ 63,404  $ 69,981   $ 87,437  $ 75,452  $ 88,912  $ 96,145  37  % WW net sales -- Y/Y growth, excluding F/X 21 % 25 % 21 % 27 % 41  % 36 % N/A WW net sales -- TTM $ 252,064  $ 265,469   $ 280,522  $ 296,274  $ 321,782  $ 347,946  31  % WW net sales -- TTM Y/Y growth, excluding F/X 23 % 22 % 22 % 23 % 28  % 31 % N/A Operating income $ 3,084  $ 3,157   $ 3,879  $ 3,989  $ 5,843  $ 6,194  96  % F/X impact -- favorable (unfavorable) $ 58  $ 22   $ 16  $ 63  $ 111  $ 133  N/A Operating income -- Y/Y growth (decline), excluding F/X 1 % (16)% 2 % (11)% 86  % 92 % N/A Operating margin -- % of WW net sales 4.9 % 4.5 % 4.4 % 5.3 % 6.6  % 6.4 % N/A Operating income -- TTM $ 15,014  $ 14,448   $ 14,541  $ 14,109  $ 16,868  $ 19,905  38  % Operating income -- TTM  Y/Y growth (decline), excluding F/X 99 % 32 % 16 % (6)% 11  % 36 % N/A Operating margin -- TTM % of WW net sales 6.0 % 5.4 % 5.2 % 4.8 % 5.2  % 5.7 % N/A Net income $ 2,625  $ 2,134   $ 3,268  $ 2,535  $ 5,243  $ 6,331  197  % Net income per diluted share $ 5.22  $ 4.23   $ 6.47  $ 5.01  $ 10.30  $ 12.37  192  % Net income -- TTM $ 12,096  $ 11,347   $ 11,588  $ 10,563  $ 13,180  $ 17,377  53  % Net income per diluted share -- TTM $ 24.08  $ 22.57   $ 23.01  $ 20.93  $ 26.04  $ 34.21  52  % ______________________________ (1) On January 1, 2019, we adopted accounting guidance amending the accounting for leases, which did not have a material impact on our 2019 operating results. Prior period amounts were not retrospectively adjusted. Under this new guidance, leases we previously referred to as “capital leases” are now referred to as “finance leases.” Leases we previously referred to as “finance leases” are now referred to as “financing obligations.”  (2) For the twelve months ended September 30, 2019 and 2020, this amount relates to equipment included in “Property and equipment acquired under finance leases” of $13,222 million and $13,075 million. (3) For the twelve months ended September 30, 2019 and 2020, this amount relates to property included in “Principal repayments of finance leases” of $8,754 million and $11,054 million. (4) Free cash flow is cash flow from operations reduced by “Purchases of property and equipment, net of proceeds from sales and incentives.” (5) Free cash flow less principal repayments of finance leases and financing obligations is free cash flow reduced by “Principal repayments of finance leases” and “Principal repayments of financing obligations.” (6) Free cash flow less equipment finance leases and principal repayments of all other finance leases and financing obligations is free cash flow reduced by equipment acquired under finance leases, which is included in “Property and equipment acquired under finance leases,” principal repayments of all other finance lease liabilities, which is included in “Principal repayments of finance leases,” and “Principal repayments of financing obligations.”        , AMAZON.COM, INC. Supplemental Financial Information and Business Metrics (in millions) (unaudited)  Q2 2019 Q3 2019 Q4 2019 Q1 2020 Q2 2020 Q3 2020 Y/Y % Change , Segments        North America Segment:          Net sales $ 38,653  $ 42,638  $ 53,670   $ 46,127  $ 55,436   $ 59,373  39  %   Net sales -- Y/Y growth, excluding F/X 20  % 24 % 22 % 29 % 44  % 39 % N/A   Net sales -- TTM $ 152,938  $ 161,228  $ 170,773   $ 181,088  $ 197,871   $ 214,606  33  %   Operating income $ 1,564  $ 1,282  $ 1,900   $ 1,312  $ 2,141   $ 2,252  76  %   F/X impact -- favorable (unfavorable) $ 7  $ 6  $ (3)  $ 5  $ (4)  $ —  N/A   Operating income -- Y/Y growth (decline), excluding F/X (15) % (37)% (16)% (43)% 37  % 76 % N/A   Operating margin -- % of North America net sales 4.0  % 3.0 % 3.5 % 2.8 % 3.9  % 3.8 % N/A   Operating income -- TTM $ 8,134  $ 7,384  $ 7,033   $ 6,057  $ 6,634   $ 7,604  3  %   Operating margin -- TTM % of North America net sales 5.3  % 4.6 % 4.1 % 3.4 % 3.4  % 3.5 % N/A , International Segment:          Net sales $ 16,370  $ 18,348  $ 23,813   $ 19,106  $ 22,668   $ 25,171  37  %   Net sales -- Y/Y growth, excluding F/X 17  % 21 % 15 % 20 % 41  % 33 % N/A   Net sales -- TTM $ 68,941  $ 71,740  $ 74,723   $ 77,637  $ 83,935   $ 90,758  27  %   Operating income (loss) $ (601) $ (386) $ (617)  $ (398) $ 345   $ 407  N/A   F/X impact -- favorable (unfavorable) $ (36) $ (34) $ (7)  $ (5) $ 32   $ 152  N/A   Operating income/loss -- Y/Y growth (decline), excluding F/X 15  % (8)% (5)% 338 % N/A N/A N/A   Operating margin -- % of International net sales (3.7) % (2.1)% (2.6)% (2.1)% 1.5  % 1.6 % N/A   Operating income (loss) -- TTM $ (1,718) $ (1,718) $ (1,693)  $ (2,001) $ (1,055)  $ (262) (85) %   Operating margin -- TTM % of International net sales (2.5) % (2.4)% (2.3)% (2.6)% (1.3) % (0.3)% N/A , AWS Segment:          Net sales $ 8,381  $ 8,995  $ 9,954   $ 10,219  $ 10,808   $ 11,601  29  %   Net sales -- Y/Y growth, excluding F/X 37  % 35 % 34 % 33 % 29  % 29 % N/A   Net sales -- TTM $ 30,185  $ 32,501  $ 35,026   $ 37,549  $ 39,976   $ 42,582  31  %   Operating income $ 2,121  $ 2,261  $ 2,596   $ 3,075  $ 3,357   $ 3,535  56  %   F/X impact -- favorable (unfavorable) $ 87  $ 50  $ 26   $ 63  $ 83   $ (20) N/A   Operating income -- Y/Y growth, excluding F/X 24  % 6 % 18 % 36 % 54  % 57 % N/A   Operating margin -- % of AWS net sales 25.3  % 25.1 % 26.1 % 30.1 % 31.1  % 30.5 % N/A   Operating income -- TTM $ 8,598  $ 8,782  $ 9,201   $ 10,053  $ 11,289   $ 12,563  43  %   Operating margin -- TTM % of AWS net sales 28.5  % 27.0 % 26.3 % 26.8 % 28.2  % 29.5 % N/A     , AMAZON.COM, INC. Supplemental Financial Information and Business Metrics (in millions, except employee data) (unaudited)  Q2 2019 Q3 2019 Q4 2019 Q1 2020 Q2 2020 Q3 2020 Y/Y % Change , Net Sales        Online stores (1) $ 31,053  $ 35,039  $ 45,657  $ 36,652  $ 45,896  $ 48,350  38 % , Online stores -- Y/Y growth, excluding F/X 16 % 22 % 15 % 25 % 49 % 37  % N/A Physical stores (2) $ 4,330  $ 4,192  $ 4,363  $ 4,640  $ 3,774  $ 3,788  (10)% , Physical stores -- Y/Y growth, excluding F/X 1 % (1)% (1)% 8 % (13)% (10) % N/A Third-party seller services (3) $ 11,962  $ 13,212  $ 17,446  $ 14,479  $ 18,195  $ 20,436  55 % , Third-party seller services -- Y/Y growth, excluding F/X 25 % 28 % 31 % 31 % 53 % 53  % N/A Subscription services (4) $ 4,676  $ 4,957  $ 5,235  $ 5,556  $ 6,018  $ 6,572  33 % , Subscription services  -- Y/Y growth, excluding F/X 39 % 35 % 32 % 29 % 30 % 32  % N/A AWS $ 8,381  $ 8,995  $ 9,954  $ 10,219  $ 10,808  $ 11,601  29 % , AWS -- Y/Y growth, excluding F/X 37 % 35 % 34 % 33 % 29 % 29  % N/A Other (5) $ 3,002  $ 3,586  $ 4,782  $ 3,906  $ 4,221  $ 5,398  51 % , Other -- Y/Y growth, excluding F/X 37 % 45 % 41 % 44 % 41 % 49  % N/A         Stock-based Compensation Expense        Cost of sales $ 43  $ 39  $ 43  $ 41  $ 76  $ 75  90 % Fulfillment $ 360  $ 301  $ 286  $ 260  $ 417  $ 316  5 % Technology and content $ 1,077  $ 966  $ 1,007  $ 961  $ 1,421  $ 1,267  31 % Marketing $ 307  $ 298  $ 322  $ 332  $ 456  $ 446  50 % General and administrative $ 184  $ 175  $ 182  $ 163  $ 231  $ 184  5 % , Total stock-based compensation expense $ 1,971  $ 1,779  $ 1,840  $ 1,757  $ 2,601  $ 2,288  29 % Other        WW shipping costs $ 8,134  $ 9,608  $ 12,884  $ 10,936  $ 13,652  $ 15,063  57 % WW shipping costs -- Y/Y growth 36 % 46 % 43 % 49 % 68 % 57  % N/A WW paid units -- Y/Y growth (6) 18 % 22 % 22 % 32 % 57 % 46  % N/A WW seller unit mix -- % of WW paid units (6) 54 % 53 % 53 % 52 % 53 % 54  % N/A Employees (full-time and part-time; excludes contractors &amp; temporary personnel) 653,300  750,000  798,000  840,400  876,800  1,125,300   50 % Employees (full-time and part-time; excludes contractors &amp; temporary personnel) -- Y/Y growth 13 % 22 % 23 % 33 % 34 % 50  % N/A ________________________ (1) Includes product sales and digital media content where we record revenue gross. We leverage our retail infrastructure to offer a wide selection of consumable and durable goods that includes media products available in both a physical and digital format, such as books, music, videos, games, and software. These product sales include digital products sold on a transactional basis. Digital product subscriptions that provide unlimited viewing or usage rights are included in “Subscription services.”  (2) Includes product sales where our customers physically select items in a store. Sales from customers who order goods online for delivery or pickup at our physical stores are included in “Online stores.”  (3) Includes commissions and any related fulfillment and shipping fees, and other third-party seller services.  (4) Includes annual and monthly fees associated with Amazon Prime memberships, as well as audiobook, digital video, digital music, e-book, and other non-AWS subscription services.  (5) Primarily includes sales of advertising services, as well as sales related to our other service offerings.  (6) Excludes the impact of Whole Foods Market.   , Amazon.com, Inc. Certain Definitions , Customer Accounts • References to customers mean customer accounts established when a customer places an order through one of our stores. Customer accounts exclude certain customers, including customers associated with certain of our acquisitions, Amazon Payments customers, AWS customers, and the customers of select companies with whom we have a technology alliance or marketing and promotional relationship. Customers are considered active when they have placed an order during the preceding twelve-month period. , Seller Accounts • References to sellers means seller accounts, which are established when a seller receives an order from a customer account. Sellers are considered active when they have received an order from a customer during the preceding twelve-month period.  AWS Customers  • References to AWS customers mean unique AWS customer accounts, which are unique customer account IDs that are eligible to use AWS services. This includes AWS accounts in the AWS free tier. Multiple users accessing AWS services via one account ID are counted as a single account. Customers are considered active when they have had AWS usage activity during the preceding one-month period. , Units • References to units mean physical and digital units sold (net of returns and cancellations) by us and sellers in our stores as well as Amazon-owned items sold in other stores. Units sold are paid units and do not include units associated with AWS, certain acquisitions, certain subscriptions, rental businesses, or advertising businesses, or Amazon gift cards.  , Contacts:    Amazon Investor Relations   Amazon Public Relations Dave Fildes, amazon-ir@amazon.com   Dan Perlet, amazon-pr@amazon.com amazon.com/ir   amazon.com/pr]</td>\n","    </tr>\n","  </tbody>\n","</table>\n","</div>"],"text/plain":["                              title                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           paragraphs\n","0  Q3-2019-Amazon-Financial-Results  [Microsoft Word - AMZN-2019.9.30-EX99.1_102419 11 am     , AMAZON.COM ANNOUNCES THIRD QUARTER SALES UP 24% TO $70.0 BILLION , SEATTLE—(BUSINESS WIRE) October 24, 2019—Amazon.com, Inc. (NASDAQ: AMZN) today announced financial results for its third quarter ended September 30, 2019. , Operating cash flow increased 33% to $35.3 billion for the trailing twelve months, compared with $26.6 billion for the trailing twelve months ended September 30, 2018. Free cash flow increased to $23.5 billion for the trailing twelve months, compared with $15.4 billion for the trailing twelve months ended September 30, 2018. Free cash flow less principal repayments of finance leases and financing obligations increased to $14.6 billion for the trailing twelve months, compared with $8.1 billion for the trailing twelve months ended September 30, 2018. Free cash flow less equipment finance leases and principal repayments of all other finance leases and financing obligations increased to $10.5 billion for the trailing twelve months, compared with $5.4 billion for the trailing twelve months ended September 30, 2018. , Common shares outstanding plus shares underlying stock-based awards totaled 511 million on September 30, 2019, compared with 507 million one year ago. , Net sales increased 24% to $70.0 billion in the third quarter, compared with $56.6 billion in third quarter 2018. Excluding the $500 million unfavorable impact from year-over-year changes in foreign exchange rates throughout the quarter, net sales increased 25% compared with third quarter 2018. , Operating income decreased to $3.2 billion in the third quarter, compared with operating income of $3.7 billion in third quarter , 2018. , Net income decreased to $2.1 billion in the third quarter, or $4.23 per diluted share, compared with net income of $2.9 billion, or $5.75 per diluted share, in third quarter 2018.  “We are ramping up to make our 25th holiday season the best ever for Prime customers — with millions of products available for free one-day delivery,” said Jeff Bezos, Amazon founder and CEO. “Customers love the transition of Prime from two days to one day — they’ve already ordered billions of items with free one-day delivery this year. It’s a big investment, and it’s the right long-term decision for customers. And although it’s counterintuitive, the fastest delivery speeds generate the least carbon emissions because these products ship from fulfillment centers very close to the customer — it simply becomes impractical to use air or long ground routes. Huge thanks to all the teams helping deliver for customers this holiday.” , Highlights •  Amazon introduced an all-new line up of Echo devices: the next generation Echo, Echo Dot with clock, Echo Show 8, , Echo Buds, Echo Flex, and Echo Studio. Additionally, Amazon announced Day 1 Editions, a new program designed to bring innovative ideas to customers faster — starting with Echo Frames, all-day glasses with Alexa; and Echo Loop, an Alexa-enabled smart ring. •  Amazon announced over 20 new Fire TV products, including the first Fire TV Edition soundbar; the all-new Fire TV Cube, the fastest and most powerful Fire TV ever; the first OLED Fire TV Edition smart TV; and the first Fire TV , Edition smart TV with far-field Alexa voice control.  •  Amazon expanded the lineup of content for Fire TV customers, including the recently announced YouTube TV app, Apple TV app, and the all-new, free News app. In the third quarter, Fire TV announced more than 37 million active    users worldwide and continues to be the #1 selling streaming media player family in the U.S., the U.K., Germany, , Japan, and India.  •  More than 85,000 smart home products from over 9,500 unique brands can be controlled with Alexa. There are hundreds of devices with Alexa built-in, including new products from brands like Fitbit, Sonos, and Facebook. The , Alexa Skills Store offers more than 100,000 skills for Alexa, including Education Technology skills made available through the new Alexa Education Skill API. Additionally, the Alexa Fund portfolio continues to expand, with new investments in startups like Drivetime.fm, SmartRent, and Labrador Systems. •  Amazon announced new Alexa smart home features and products, including the Certified for Humans program, which helps customers find hassle-free smart home products that are simple to set up and use; and the all-new voice-controlled 4-in-1 Amazon Smart Oven. •  Amazon and Discovery announced an integration that brings the new Food Network Kitchen service to Amazon devices and makes Alexa the exclusive voice service for Food Network. Customers can watch their favorite Food , Network episodes, get step-by-step cooking instructions, save recipes, ask questions, and take live and on-demand cooking classes with Food Network chefs using Echo Show. •  Alexa continues to get smarter and make customers’ lives easier with new features, including optional auto-deletion of voice recordings, Show and Tell, Frustration Detection, political campaign donations, Alexa Guest Connect, Drop In everywhere, Alexa Connections, and photo sharing. •  Alexa has a more natural sounding and higher-quality voice with Amazon’s Neural Text-to-Speech (NTTS) technology. She can now adapt her speaking style and will soon offer her first celebrity voice, from the iconic actor and producer Samuel L. Jackson. He can tell you jokes, let you know if it’s raining, set timers and alarms, play music, and more —  all with a bit of his own personality. •  Amazon announced the Voice Interoperability Initiative, a new program to ensure voice-enabled products provide customers with choice and flexibility through multiple, interoperable voice services. More than 30 companies are participating in the initiative, including Baidu, Bose, BMW, ecobee, Intel, Microsoft, Orange, Qualcomm, Salesforce, , Sonos, Spotify, Tencent, and Verizon. •  Amazon announced Amazon Sidewalk, a low bandwidth, highly-secure network that uses the free 900 MHz spectrum to greatly extend the distance at which you can control simple, low-power smart lights, sensors, and other low-cost edge Internet of Things (IoT) devices. •  General Motors (GM) announced plans to integrate Alexa into millions of vehicles across its four brands — Chevrolet, Buick, GMC, and Cadillac. GM is the first automaker to deliver a fully embedded Alexa experience based on the , Alexa Auto SDK, bringing Alexa to new and existing vehicles with compatible infotainment systems. •  Amazon announced that Alexa is now available in Portuguese for customers in Brazil, Spanish for customers in the U.S., and Hindi for customers in India. With Multilingual Mode, customers in multilingual households in the U.S., , India, and Canada can switch between languages when talking to Alexa. •  Ring launched its first indoor-only and most affordable camera, Ring Indoor Cam, alongside the third generation Stick Up Cam. Ring also expanded availability of Smart Lighting to Canada. •  Amazon introduced the all-new eero mesh WiFi system, which offers simple, reliable WiFi for streaming, gaming, and working from home — all for $99. eero is a mesh WiFi system that replaces your existing router and extends WiFi coverage seamlessly throughout your home. In addition, eero is expanding to Europe — customers in France, , Germany, Italy, Spain, and the U.K. will be able to try the all-new eero and eero Pro in early November. •  Prime Video won 15 Emmy awards, with Fleabag receiving four Emmy awards, including Outstanding Comedy Series, as well as Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series and Outstanding Writing in a Comedy Series for , Phoebe Waller-Bridge. •  Prime Video premiered four new Amazon Original series: The Boys, Carnival Row, Undone, and Modern Love. In addition, Prime Video will see the return of Tom Clancy’s Jack Ryan, starring John Krasinski, on November 1; The , Man in the High Castle, from author Philip K. Dick, on November 15; The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel, recent winner of eight Emmy awards, on December 6; and the relaunch of the fan-favorite series The Expanse, with an all-new season four, on December 13.    •  For the third consecutive season, Prime Video offers Prime members the ability to live stream NFL Thursday Night Football games. New features, such as Next Gen Stats on X-Ray, gives fans access to deeper analytics and allows football fans all over the globe to customize their Thursday Night Football streaming experience. •  Prime Video continues to create local Original Series around the world, including All or Nothing: Brazil National Football Team and Soltos em Floripa in Brazil; El Juego de las Llaves and Derbez Family Vacation in Mexico; LOL: , Last One Laughing in Australia; Truth Seekers in the U.K.; Inside Borussia Dortmund in Germany; El Corazón de , Sergio Ramos in Spain; The Family Man in India; and season three of The Bachelor in Japan. •  Amazon Music announced the launch of Amazon Music HD, a new tier of premium quality music with more than 50 million songs in high definition, and millions of songs in ultra-high definition, the highest quality streaming audio available. Amazon Music HD is now available to stream in the U.S., the U.K., Germany, and Japan.  •  Amazon launched Prime in Brazil, offering members the broadest range of benefits at launch in Prime’s history, including unlimited free two-day delivery on hundreds of thousands of items in more than 90 cities, Prime Video, , Prime Music, Prime Reading, Twitch Prime, and access to exclusive deals. Amazon also announced the launch of , Amazon Music Unlimited for Brazil, bringing customers access to millions of songs, on-demand and ad-free. •  Amazon launched Prime Student in France, Italy, and Spain, making it now available in eight countries. Amazon introduced an exclusive Amazon Music Unlimited offer for $0.99 a month for U.S. Prime Student. •  AmazonFresh expanded to Indianapolis, Houston, Minneapolis, and Phoenix, with options for ultrafast one- and two-hour delivery. Customers in those cities can now shop from tens of thousands of grocery items, plus bestselling items from Amazon.com.   •  Amazon Fashion introduced Personal Shopper by Prime Wardrobe in the U.S., a new service exclusively for Prime members that provides style inspiration and personalized recommendations. Customers complete a survey about their style and fit preferences and Amazon Fashion’s stylist team provides personalized recommendations from over half a million items across thousands of brands.   •  Amazon Fashion continues to expand selection, and customers can now shop from brands such as Rihanna’s Savage X Fenty, 3.1 Phillip Lim, Vince Camuto, and Tommy Hilfiger. Additionally, Amazon’s children’s brand, Spotted Zebra, launched its first exclusive collaboration with Disney, bringing unique and playful prints featuring Disney franchises — all for under $30. •  Amazon announced the expansion of Project Zero to its European stores, empowering brands to partner with Amazon to drive counterfeits to zero.  •  Amazon announced The Climate Pledge, a commitment to meet the Paris Agreement 10 years early by achieving net zero carbon emissions by 2040. To support this goal, Amazon ordered 100,000 electric delivery vehicles from Rivian  —  the largest ever order of electric delivery vehicles — and announced plans to invest $100 million in nature-based climate solutions and reforestation projects around the world. Amazon pledged to reach 80% renewable energy by , 2024 and 100% renewable by 2030. •  So far this year, more than 250,000 people have toured Amazon fulfillment centers. Tours are free, open to the public, and are now available in 45 fulfillment centers across North America and Europe. •  Amazon held Career Day events in six U.S. cities to showcase 30,000 permanent job openings in corporate, tech, and customer fulfillment-related roles and received 208,000 applications for roles in the U.S.  •  Amazon is now funding Computer Science courses in more than 2,000 high schools across the U.S. through Amazon Future Engineer, a childhood-to-career program to inspire and educate children and young adults from underrepresented and underserved communities to pursue careers in computer science. Amazon Future Engineer also launched in the U.K., supporting the recruitment and training of 50 secondary school computer science teachers and over 200 Career Leaders to develop a long-term school-wide careers strategy, as well as launching robotics workshops for 10,000 children. •  Since the beginning of the year, Amazon has launched more than 150 new tools and services to help small and medium-sized businesses grow their sales in Amazon’s stores. Recently launched tools and services include Target , Inventory Levels, which allows sellers to better manage their Fulfillment by Amazon (FBA) inventory; Appstore and third-party tools, which help selling partners identify trusted third-party applications that complement Amazon’s free tools and help them streamline their business operations; and Sold by Amazon, a free, opt-in service that helps selling partners save time and increase sales by automating prices.    •  In September, Amazon sent two Amazon Air cargo planes to the Bahamas packed with Amazon- and customer-donated relief supplies to support those impacted by Hurricane Dorian. To date, Amazon and its customers have donated cash and over 400,000 requested items to Hurricane Dorian relief efforts in the U.S. and the Bahamas. •  Amazon Web Services (AWS) announced several new customer commitments and major migrations during the quarter: Cerner Corporation selected AWS as its preferred artificial intelligence and machine learning provider to advance better patient health outcomes; The Globe and Mail and Old Mutual Limited selected AWS as their preferred cloud provider; Galanz, a leading manufacturer of electronic home appliances, selected AWS to enhance the consumer experience and expand its IoT platform in more than 200 countries; and in China, Huashan Hospital, affiliated with , Fudan University, adopted AWS to accelerate digital transformation in order to reduce infrastructure costs and help the hospital improve its medical teaching and research. •  AWS announced the general availability of Amazon Forecast, a fully managed service that uses machine learning to deliver highly accurate forecasts based on the same technology used by Amazon. Amazon Forecast builds precise forecasts for virtually any business condition — including product demand and sales, infrastructure requirements, energy needs, and staffing levels — with predictions that are up to 50% more accurate than traditional methods. , Amazon Forecast is easy to use and does not require machine learning experience.  •  AWS announced the general availability of AWS Lake Formation, a fully managed service that makes it easier for customers to build, secure, and manage data lakes. AWS Lake Formation simplifies and automates many of the complex manual steps usually required to create a data lake, including collecting, cleaning, and cataloging data and securely making that data available for analytics. Customers can then analyze this data using their choice of AWS analytics and machine learning services, including Amazon Redshift, Amazon Athena, and AWS Glue, with Amazon , EMR, Amazon QuickSight, and Amazon SageMaker following in the next few months.  •  AWS announced the general availability of Amazon Quantum Ledger Database (QLDB), a fully managed service that provides a high-performance, immutable, and cryptographically verifiable ledger for applications that need a central, trusted authority to provide a permanent and complete record of transactions across industries like retail, finance, manufacturing, insurance, and human resources.  •  AWS announced the general availability of G4 instances, a new graphics processing unit (GPU)-powered Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) instance designed to help accelerate machine learning inference and graphics-intensive workloads, both of which are computationally demanding tasks that benefit from additional GPU acceleration. G4 instances provide the industry’s most cost-effective machine learning inference for applications, as well as a cost-effective service for building and running graphics-intensive applications, such as remote graphics workstations, video transcoding, photo-realistic design, and game streaming in the cloud.  •  AWS announced the general availability of AWS IQ, a new service that helps customers quickly find, engage, and hire AWS-Certified third-party experts for on-demand project work. AWS IQ offers the tools and workspace for more secure collaboration, streamlined project tracking, and integrated billing. Customers simply log into AWS IQ, describe their AWS-specific project needs in a few sentences to get started, chat with experts to clarify details of the project, compare proposals, review expert profiles, and select the expert that best fits their needs. •  AWS announced the opening of the AWS Middle East (Bahrain) Region. Developers, startups, and enterprises, as well as government, education, and non-profit organizations, can now run their applications and serve end-users from data centers located in the Middle East, as well as leverage advanced technologies from the world's leading cloud, to drive innovation. AWS now spans 69 Availability Zones within 22 geographic regions around the world, and has announced plans for ten more Availability Zones and three more AWS Regions in Indonesia, Italy, and South Africa. •  AWS announced a 44% reduction in storage prices for Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) Infrequent Access (IA) storage class, one of the largest percentage price reductions in AWS history. Amazon EFS is a low-cost, simple to use, fully managed, and cloud-native NFS file system for Linux-based workloads that can be used with AWS services and on-premises resources. Amazon EFS IA is a storage class for Amazon EFS that is designed for files accessed less frequently, enabling customers to reduce storage costs compared to the Amazon EFS Standard storage class. AWS has reduced prices six times thus far in 2019, and this marks the 75th price reduction since its inception. •  AWS announced collaborations in the U.S. between AWS Educate and statewide educational systems in Virginia, Texas, and Louisiana, in addition to a regional collaboration in the San Francisco Bay Area to prepare the next generation for the cloud workforce. AWS also announced its first international AWS Educate Cloud Degree    collaborations in the U.K. and Bahrain. AWS Educate’s Cloud Degree initiative aims to provide full cloud degree offerings, cloud specializations, and STEM pathways for K-12, community colleges, and universities; opening up opportunities for students in high-demand cloud computing and data science fields. AWS Educate members include hundreds of thousands of students, over 10,000 educators, and over 2,400 academic institutions in over 200 countries and territories.  , Financial Guidance The following forward-looking statements reflect Amazon.com’s expectations as of October 24, 2019, and are subject to substantial uncertainty. Our results are inherently unpredictable and may be materially affected by many factors, such as fluctuations in foreign exchange rates, changes in global economic conditions and customer spending, world events, the rate of growth of the Internet, online commerce, and cloud services, and the various factors detailed below. , Fourth Quarter 2019 Guidance •  Net sales are expected to be between $80.0 billion and $86.5 billion, or to grow between 11% and 20% compared with fourth quarter 2018. This guidance anticipates an unfavorable impact of approximately 80 basis points from foreign exchange rates. •  Operating income is expected to be between $1.2 billion and $2.9 billion, compared with $3.8 billion in fourth quarter 2018. •  This guidance assumes, among other things, that no additional business acquisitions, investments, restructurings, or legal settlements are concluded.  , A conference call will be webcast live today at 2:30 p.m. PT/5:30 p.m. ET, and will be available for at least three months at amazon.com/ir. This call will contain forward-looking statements and other material information regarding the Company’s financial and operating results.  , These forward-looking statements are inherently difficult to predict. Actual results could differ materially for a variety of reasons, including, in addition to the factors discussed above, the amount that Amazon.com invests in new business opportunities and the timing of those investments, the mix of products and services sold to customers, the mix of net sales derived from products as compared with services, the extent to which we owe income or other taxes, competition, management of growth, potential fluctuations in operating results, international growth and expansion, the outcomes of legal proceedings and claims, fulfillment, sortation, delivery, and data center optimization, risks of inventory management, seasonality, the degree to which the Company enters into, maintains, and develops commercial agreements, proposed and completed acquisitions and strategic transactions, payments risks, and risks of fulfillment throughput and productivity. Other risks and uncertainties include, among others, risks related to new products, services, and technologies, system interruptions, government regulation and taxation, and fraud. In addition, the current global economic climate amplifies many of these risks. More information about factors that potentially could affect Amazon.com’s financial results is included in Amazon.com’s filings with the , Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), including its most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and subsequent filings.  , Our investor relations website is amazon.com/ir and we encourage investors to use it as a way of easily finding information about us. We promptly make available on this website, free of charge, the reports that we file or furnish with the SEC, corporate governance information (including our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics), and select press releases, which may contain material information about us, and you may subscribe to be notified of new information posted to this site. , About Amazon Amazon is guided by four principles: customer obsession rather than competitor focus, passion for invention, commitment to operational excellence, and long-term thinking. Customer reviews, 1-Click shopping, personalized recommendations, Prime, , Fulfillment by Amazon, AWS, Kindle Direct Publishing, Kindle, Fire tablets, Fire TV, Amazon Echo, and Alexa are some of the products and services pioneered by Amazon. For more information, visit amazon.com/about and follow @AmazonNews.    , AMAZON.COM, INC. , Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (in millions) (unaudited)    Three Months Ended , September 30,  Nine Months Ended , September 30,  Twelve Months Ended , September 30,  2018  2019  2018  2019  2018  2019                     CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND RESTRICTED CASH, BEGINNING OF PERIOD $ 20,536  $ 22,965  $ 21,856  $ 32,173  $ 13,960  $ 21,032 , OPERATING ACTIVITIES:            Net income 2,883  2,134  7,046  8,320  8,902  11,347 Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash from operating activities:            , Depreciation and amortization of property and equipment and capitalized content costs, operating lease assets, and other 3,778  5,563  11,079  15,619  14,577  19,881 , Stock-based compensation 1,350  1,779  4,001  5,024  5,180  6,441 Other operating expense (income), net 62  47  202  114  258  186 Other expense (income), net 96  388  22  246  17  443 Deferred income taxes 266  92  268  612  (40)  784 , Changes in operating assets and liabilities:            Inventories (1,094)  (381)  36  (1,762)  (2,220)  (3,112) Accounts receivable, net and other (2,884)  (1,181)  (3,220)  (3,776)  (5,983)  (5,172) Accounts payable 3,894  226  (3,618)  (2,490)  5,285  4,393 Accrued expenses and other 237  (722)  (2,193)  (4,277)  (131)  (1,612) Unearned revenue —  (53)  623  1,225  759  1,753 , Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities 8,588  7,892  14,246  18,855  26,604  35,332 INVESTING ACTIVITIES:            Purchases of property and equipment (3,352)  (4,697)  (9,693)  (11,549)  (13,312)  (15,282) Proceeds from property and equipment sales and incentives 825  1,312  1,490  2,800  2,073  3,414 Acquisitions, net of cash acquired, and other (976)  (398)  (1,855)  (1,684)  (1,936)  (2,015) Sales and maturities of marketable securities 1,964  7,251  6,301  15,056  9,787  16,994 Purchases of marketable securities (4,033)  (8,542)  (5,040)  (25,368)  (7,390)  (27,428) , Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities (5,572)  (5,074)  (8,797)  (20,745)  (10,778)  (24,317) FINANCING ACTIVITIES:            Proceeds from long-term debt and other 143  702  363  1,175  472  1,581 Repayments of long-term debt and other (183)  (355)  (533)  (819)  (1,675)  (953) Principal repayments of finance leases (2,247)  (2,307)  (5,544)  (6,848)  (7,016)  (8,754) Principal repayments of financing obligations (82)  —  (211)  (3)  (277)  (129) , Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities (2,369)  (1,960)  (5,925)  (6,495)  (8,496)  (8,255) Foreign currency effect on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash (151)  (269)  (348)  (234)  (258)  (238) , Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash 496  589  (824)  (8,619)  7,072  2,522 CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND RESTRICTED CASH, END OF PERIOD $ 21,032  $ 23,554  $ 21,032  $ 23,554  $ 21,032  $ 23,554 , SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION:            Cash paid for interest on long-term debt $ 283  $ 287  $ 733  $ 720  $ 907  $ 842 Cash paid for operating leases —  872  —  2,420  —  2,420 Cash paid for interest on finance leases 118  167  277  481  335  585 Cash paid for interest on financing obligations 47  14  142  20  168  72 Cash paid for income taxes, net of refunds 200  241  1,013  692  1,106  863 Assets acquired under operating leases —  2,299  —  5,393  —  5,393 Property and equipment acquired under finance leases 2,329  3,606  6,934  9,541  9,704  13,222 Property and equipment acquired under build-to-suit arrangements 962  390  2,498  1,109  3,340  2,252 ______________________________    , On January 1, 2019, we adopted accounting guidance amending the accounting for leases, which did not have a material impact on our 2019 operating results. Prior period amounts were not retrospectively adjusted. Under this new guidance, leases we previously referred to as “capital leases” are now referred to as “finance leases.” Leases we previously referred to as “finance leases” are now referred to as “financing obligations.”    , AMAZON.COM, INC. , Consolidated Statements of Operations (in millions, except per share data) (unaudited)   Three Months Ended , September 30,  Nine Months Ended , September 30,  2018  2019  2018  2019               Net product sales $ 33,746  $ 39,726  $ 97,215  $ 109,866 , Net service sales 22,830  30,255  63,289  83,220 , Total net sales 56,576  69,981  160,504  193,086 , Operating expenses:        , Cost of sales 33,003  41,302  94,370  111,559 , Fulfillment 8,275  10,167  23,999  28,040 , Marketing 3,303  4,752  8,902  12,707 , Technology and content 7,162  9,200  21,168  26,191 , General and administrative 1,041  1,348  3,219  3,791 , Other operating expense (income), net 68  55  211  136 , Total operating expenses 52,852  66,824  151,869  182,424 , Operating income 3,724  3,157  8,635  10,662 , Interest income 117  224  290  621 , Interest expense (358)  (396)  (1,030)  (1,145) , Other income (expense), net (93)  (353)  16  (215) , Total non-operating income (expense) (334)  (525)  (724)  (739) , Income before income taxes 3,390  2,632  7,911  9,923 , Provision for income taxes (508)  (494)  (870)  (1,588) , Equity-method investment activity, net of tax 1  (4)  5  (15) , Net income $ 2,883  $ 2,134  $ 7,046  $ 8,320 , Basic earnings per share $ 5.91  $ 4.31  $ 14.49  $ 16.87 , Diluted earnings per share $ 5.75  $ 4.23  $ 14.10  $ 16.53 , Weighted-average shares used in computation of earnings per share:        , Basic 488  495  486  493 , Diluted 501  504  500  503     , AMAZON.COM, INC. , Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (in millions) (unaudited)   Three Months Ended , September 30,  Nine Months Ended , September 30,  2018  2019  2018  2019               Net income $ 2,883  $ 2,134  $ 7,046  $ 8,320 , Other comprehensive income (loss):        , Net change in foreign currency translation adjustments:        , Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax of $2, $1, $19, and $(6) (101)  (368)  (512)  (369) , Reclassification adjustment for foreign currency translation included in “Other operating expense (income), net,” net of tax of $0, $29, $0, and $29 —  (108)  —  (108) , Net foreign currency translation adjustments (101)  (476)  (512)  (477) , Net change in unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale debt securities:        , Unrealized gains (losses), net of tax of $0, $(2), $8, and $(13) —  9  (43)  85 , Reclassification adjustment for losses (gains) included in “Other income (expense), net,” net of tax of $0, $0, $0, and $0 1  (2)  5  (2) , Net unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale debt securities 1  7  (38)  83 , Total other comprehensive income (loss) (100)  (469)  (550)  (394) , Comprehensive income $ 2,783  $ 1,665  $ 6,496  $ 7,926      , AMAZON.COM, INC. , Segment Information (in millions) (unaudited)   Three Months Ended , September 30,  Nine Months Ended , September 30,  2018  2019  2018  2019               North America        , ...]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           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[Microsoft Word - AMZN-2019.12.31-EX99.1 (10)     , AMAZON.COM ANNOUNCES FOURTH QUARTER SALES UP 21% TO $87.4 BILLION , SEATTLE—(BUSINESS WIRE) January 30, 2020—Amazon.com, Inc. (NASDAQ: AMZN) today announced financial results for its fourth quarter ended December 31, 2019. , Operating cash flow increased 25% to $38.5 billion for the trailing twelve months, compared with $30.7 billion for the trailing twelve months ended December 31, 2018. Free cash flow increased to $25.8 billion for the trailing twelve months, compared with $19.4 billion for the trailing twelve months ended December 31, 2018. Free cash flow less principal repayments of finance leases and financing obligations increased to $16.2 billion for the trailing twelve months, compared with $11.6 billion for the trailing twelve months ended December 31, 2018. Free cash flow less equipment finance leases and principal repayments of all other finance leases and financing obligations increased to $12.5 billion for the trailing twelve months, compared with $8.4 billion for the trailing twelve months ended December 31, 2018. , Common shares outstanding plus shares underlying stock-based awards totaled 512 million on December 31, 2019, compared with 507 million one year ago. , Fourth Quarter 2019 , Net sales increased 21% to $87.4 billion in the fourth quarter, compared with $72.4 billion in fourth quarter 2018. Excluding the $120 million unfavorable impact from year-over-year changes in foreign exchange rates throughout the quarter, net sales increased 21% compared with fourth quarter 2018. , Operating income increased to $3.9 billion in the fourth quarter, compared with operating income of $3.8 billion in fourth quarter 2018. , Net income increased to $3.3 billion in the fourth quarter, or $6.47 per diluted share, compared with net income of $3.0 billion, or $6.04 per diluted share, in fourth quarter 2018. , Full Year 2019 , Net sales increased 20% to $280.5 billion, compared with $232.9 billion in 2018. Excluding the $2.6 billion unfavorable impact from year-over-year changes in foreign exchange rates throughout the year, net sales increased 22% compared with 2018. , Operating income increased to $14.5 billion, compared with operating income of $12.4 billion in 2018. , Net income increased to $11.6 billion, or $23.01 per diluted share, compared with net income of $10.1 billion, or $20.14 per diluted share, in 2018. “Prime membership continues to get better for customers year after year. And customers are responding — more people joined Prime this quarter than ever before, and we now have over 150 million paid Prime members around the world,” said Jeff Bezos, Amazon founder and CEO. “We’ve made Prime delivery faster — the number of items delivered to U.S. customers with Prime’s free one-day and same-day delivery more than quadrupled this quarter compared to last year. Members now have free two-hour grocery delivery from Amazon Fresh and Whole Foods Market in more than 2,000 U.S. cities and towns. Prime members watched double the hours of original movies and TV shows on Prime Video this quarter compared to last year, and Amazon Originals received a record 88 nominations and 26 wins at major awards shows. A huge thank you to teams across Amazon for their dedicated work to build, innovate, and deliver for customers this holiday.” , Highlights  •  During this holiday season, customers ordered billions of items worldwide, including tens of millions of Amazon devices. Best-selling devices this holiday were Echo Dot, Fire TV Stick 4K with Alexa Voice Remote, and Echo Show 5.     •  Amazon announced that delivery through Amazon Fresh, which was previously $14.99 a month, is now a free benefit for Prime members. Members in more than 2,000 U.S. cities and towns can access free two-hour grocery delivery from Amazon Fresh and Whole Foods Market. Grocery delivery orders from Amazon Fresh and Whole Foods Market more than doubled in the fourth quarter year-over-year. •  Amazon announced Alexa integrations with new automotive brands at CES 2020. Fiat Chrysler Automobiles is adding Alexa to the newest version of its infotainment system for cars, Uconnect 5.0, Lamborghini is adding Alexa to its Huracan Evo range, and Rivian is integrating Alexa into its electric vehicle lineup, including its upcoming fleet of 100,000 all-electric Amazon delivery vans.  •  Alexa continues to get smarter and make customers’ lives easier with new features, including medication reminders and voice refills, BuzzFeed Tasty recipe videos, the ability to pay utility bills, and purchase fuel at more than 11,500 Exxon and Mobil stations. Customers can also enjoy even more entertainment options for Alexa including content from Spotify Free, Spotify Podcasts, Apple Podcasts, SiriusXM’s On Demand library, and Tubi TV. Additionally customers can say “Alexa, why did you do that?” to hear short explanations about her response. •  Amazon announced additional companies joined the Voice Interoperability Initiative, a program to ensure voice-enabled products provide customers with choice and flexibility through multiple, interoperable voice services. New participants include automakers such as Audi and Volkswagen; brands such as Acer, BBC, Hisense, TIM, TiVo, and Vestel; and technology brands Aspinity, Syntiant, and Vesper.  •  Amazon announced there are now hundreds of millions of Alexa-enabled devices in customers’ hands and customers interact with Alexa billions of times each week. Customers rely on Alexa to control smart home devices hundreds of millions of times each week, and can enjoy new features including the ability to pause or resume Wi-Fi access in their home using voice. •  Fire TV now has more than 40 million active users worldwide. Amazon announced the new Fire TV Edition at CES 2020, which includes a set of tools, features, and services that make it even easier for developers, operators, device makers, and manufacturers to integrate Fire TV into their products. BMW and Fiat Chrysler Automobiles are among the first automakers to introduce Fire TV in their future vehicles.  •  Fire TV announced the expansion of Fire TV Edition Smart TVs in India with Onida, adding to the growing list of Fire TV Edition Smart TVs and soundbars from brands like Toshiba, Insignia, and Grundig. Fire TV added more content for customers, including apps from Disney+, Apple TV, and Peloton.  •  Amazon released several new products and services designed for kids, including the all-new Fire HD 10 Kids Edition, Kindle Kids Edition, Echo Glow, and expansion of FreeTime on Alexa to Echo Show devices — enabling kids to watch age-appropriate videos, make video calls with approved family and friends, take photos and add stickers, and more.  •  Ring announced several new products and features, including additions to its smart lighting lineup and the all-new Control Center, a new, easy-to-use dashboard where customers can view and control privacy and security settings.  Ring also launched Ring Alarm in the U.K., as well as the all-new Indoor Cam and Stick Up Cam in several countries such as Canada, Australia, New Zealand, the U.K., France, Germany, Italy, and Spain.  •  Amazon Original series Hunters will premiere on Prime Video on February 21st. Produced by Academy Award-winner Jordan Peele and starring Academy Award-winner Al Pacino, Hunters follows a diverse band of Nazi hunters living in 1977 New York City. Prime Video debuted several Original series and movies last quarter including The Report, The Aeronauts, The Kacey Musgraves Christmas Special, The Expanse, as well as the return of The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel, Tom Clancy’s Jack Ryan, and the final season of The Man in the High Castle. •  Prime Video received eight Golden Globe Award nominations, with Fleabag winning Best Television Series, Musical or Comedy, as well as Best Performance by an Actress in a Television Series, Musical or Comedy, for Phoebe Waller-Bridge. •  Amazon Music has more than 55 million customers worldwide. Collectively, in the U.S., U.K., Germany, and Japan, Amazon Music customers have grown nearly 50% year-over-year; and in newer marketplaces France, Italy, Spain, and Mexico, Amazon Music customers more than doubled in 2019. Additionally, Amazon Music Unlimited subscribers grew more than 50% in 2019.  •  Amazon announced that free returns can now be made at more than 18,000 drop-off locations in the U.S., including Amazon Books and Amazon 4-star stores, Amazon Hub locations, Kohl’s, select Whole Foods Market stores, UPS, and more. In support of Amazon’s commitment to sustainability, more than 5,800 locations now offer label-free and box-free returns, limiting the amount of packaging used. •  Since launching Prime in September, Brazil has seen the fastest growth in paid Prime members in Amazon’s history. Selection on amazon.com.br continues to expand and now includes millions of items, and in December the country opened its fourth fulfillment center to support growth. Additionally, Prime Video announced four new original productions for 2020, and will debut All or Nothing: Brazil National Football Team on January 31st. •  Amazon pledged to invest $1 billion to help digitize traders and micro, small, and medium-sized businesses (MSMBs) across India, with the goal of bringing more than 10 million MSMBs online by 2025. Today, there are more than    , 550,000 sellers on the Amazon India marketplace, more than 60,000 Indian manufacturers and brands are exporting their “Make in India” products to customers worldwide on Amazon, and we expect our new $1 billion investment to enable $10 billion in cumulative Indian exports by 2025.  •  Since launching amazon.in in 2013, Amazon has created more than 700,000 direct and indirect jobs in India. In January, Amazon announced plans to create an additional one million jobs in India by 2025, with continued investments in technology, infrastructure, and logistics. Since 2014, Amazon has grown its employee base more than four times, and last year inaugurated its new campus building in Hyderabad — Amazon’s first fully-owned campus outside the United States and the largest building globally in terms of employees and space. •  Amazon India announced it will have 10,000 electric vehicles in its delivery fleet by 2025. This investment is part of Amazon’s recent co-founding of The Climate Pledge, a commitment to meet the Paris Agreement 10 years early by achieving net zero carbon emissions by 2040. •  Amazon Business launched in Canada and now serves commercial and public sector organizations of all sizes in Canada and eight other countries, including the U.S., U.K., Germany, France, Italy, Spain, Japan, and India. Amazon Business also launched Business Prime in Canada. Business Prime offers member-only benefits to help save time and money, in addition to unlimited fast, free shipping on eligible items for every member on the account. •  Amazon Fashion produced its first holiday catalog featuring influencers Louise Roe, Ayana Iman Gibbs, Tylynn Nguyen, and their families in our favorite holiday looks. Additionally, Amazon Fashion and Amazon Home partnered with Refinery29 to open a holiday pop-up shop in New York City showcasing selection for the whole family. •  Amazon Fashion continues to increase its assortment with the introduction of new brands, such as Tissot, Swatch, and Vineyard Vines, as well as the expansion of the Amazon brand, Goodthreads, which now offers women’s styles. •  In 2019, authors earned more than $300 million from the Kindle Direct Publishing (KDP) Select Global Fund, totaling more than $1.1 billion since the launch of Kindle Unlimited. Millions of independent authors have self-published millions of books through KDP since launching the service in 2007. Additionally, thousands of independent authors earned more than $50,000, with more than a thousand surpassing $100,000 in royalties in 2019 through KDP. •  Independent third-party sellers — mostly small and medium-sized businesses — sold more than a billion items during the holiday season, including more than 100 million items shipped with Prime Free One-Day Delivery. Amazon also announced nine winners of the Small Business Spotlight Awards in the U.K., Germany, and the U.S., including Small Business of the Year winners Gamely Games in the U.K., Snocks in Germany, and nutpods in the U.S.  •  Amazon was recognized by the Drucker Institute as the #1 Best-Managed Company of 2019, based on a study that measures corporate performance across customer satisfaction, employee engagement and development, innovation, social responsibility, and financial strength. Amazon received a perfect score on the Human Rights Campaign’s 2020 Corporate Equality Index and the designation of being a “Best Place to Work for LGBTQ Equality.”  Employers earning top ratings took steps to ensure greater equity for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) workers and their families in the form of comprehensive policies, benefits, and practices. •  Amazon announced six new renewable energy projects across the U.S. and Europe that will support Amazon’s commitment to The Climate Pledge to be net zero carbon by 2040 and supply renewable energy for the company’s fulfillment network and Amazon Web Services (AWS) data centers. To date, Amazon has launched over 70 renewable energy projects that will provide over 1,900 MW of renewable capacity and are projected to deliver more than 5.3 million MWh of renewable energy annually. •  This holiday season, Amazon surprised hundreds of charities across the U.S. by donating hundreds of thousands of items from their AmazonSmile Charity Lists, including more than 5,000 blankets, sheets, and pillows; more than 30,000 toys and educational items for kids; more than 40,000 apparel items; and more than 60,000 pantry items. •  AWS announced several significant new customer commitments and migrations during the quarter spanning major industries, including finance with Western Union, FINRA CAT, LLC, a subsidiary of FINRA (Financial Industry Regulatory Authority), and Klarna, a leading global payments provider and bank; media with Fox Corporation, and ProSiebenSat.1 Media SE, Europe’s leading satellite and cable broadcaster; sports with a new player health and safety initiative with the NFL, the Seattle Seahawks, Bundesliga, Germany’s premier football league, and Formula One Group; energy with BP; pharmaceuticals with Novartis; and hospitality with Best Western Hotels & Resorts, among others.  •  AWS announced three Arm-based instances (M6g, C6g, R6g) powered by AWS’s new Graviton2 processors, that deliver up to 40% better price and performance than current x86 processor-based instances. These new Arm-based instances are powered by the AWS Nitro System, a combination of dedicated hardware and lightweight hypervisor, enabling faster innovation and enhanced security for customers at a much lower cost.  •  AWS announced the general availability of AWS Outposts, a fully-managed service that extends AWS infrastructure and services to virtually any data center, co-location space, or on-premises facility. AWS Outposts offers customers the same AWS hardware infrastructure, services, APIs, and tools to build and run applications on premises and in the cloud for a truly consistent hybrid experience. AWS compute, storage, database, and other services run locally on    , Outposts, and customers can access the full range of AWS services available in the region to build, manage, and scale on-premises applications using familiar AWS services and tools. •  AWS announced AWS Local Zones, a new type of AWS infrastructure deployment that places AWS compute, storage, database, and other select services closer to large population, industry, and IT centers where no AWS Region exists today. With the opening of the first AWS Local Zone in Los Angeles (LA), developers will have the ability to deploy applications that require single-digit millisecond latencies to end-users also in LA. AWS Local Zone customers will be able to use their compute, storage, database, and other select services locally in LA, while also being able to seamlessly connect back to the rest of their workloads running in the AWS U.S. West (Oregon) Region or other AWS Regions a customer may be using.  •  AWS announced AWS Wavelength, which enables developers to build applications that deliver single-digit millisecond latencies to mobile devices and users by deploying AWS compute and storage at the edge of the 5G network. With AWS Wavelength, developers can serve use cases that require ultra-low latency like machine learning inference at the edge, autonomous industrial equipment, smart cars and cities, Internet of Things (IoT), and Augmented and Virtual Reality. AWS is partnering with Verizon on making AWS Wavelength available across the U.S., and is collaborating with other leading telecommunications companies, including Vodafone and SK Telecom, to launch AWS Wavelength across Europe and South Korea in 2020, with more global partners coming soon. •  AWS announced six new capabilities for Amazon SageMaker, a fully-managed service that removes the heavy lifting from each step of the machine learning process. Amazon SageMaker Studio is the first fully integrated development environment for machine learning that makes it easier for developers to build, debug, train, deploy, monitor, and operate custom machine learning models; Amazon SageMaker Notebooks allows developers to spin up elastic machine learning notebooks in seconds, and automates the process of sharing notebooks with a single-click; Amazon SageMaker Experiments helps developers visualize and compare machine learning model iterations, training parameters, and outcomes; Amazon SageMaker Autopilot allows developers to submit simple data in CSV files and have machine learning models automatically generated, with full visibility to how the models are created so developers can evolve them over time; Amazon SageMaker Debugger provides real-time monitoring for machine learning models to improve predictive accuracy, reduce training times, and facilitate greater explainability; and Amazon SageMaker Model Monitor detects concept drift to discover when the performance of a model running in production begins to deviate from the original trained model.  •  AWS announced five new artificial intelligence (AI) services designed to put machine learning in the hands of more developers — with no machine learning experience required. Amazon Kendra reinvents enterprise search by using natural language processing and other machine learning techniques to unite multiple data silos inside an enterprise and consistently provide high-quality results to common queries instead of a random list of links in response to keyword queries; Amazon CodeGuru helps software developers automate code reviews and identify an application’s most expensive lines of code; Amazon Fraud Detector helps businesses identify online identity and payment fraud in real time, based on the same technology developed for Amazon.com; Amazon Transcribe Medical offers healthcare providers highly accurate, real-time speech-to-text transcription so they can focus on patient care; and Amazon Augmented Artificial Intelligence (A2I) helps developers validate machine learning predictions through human confirmation. •  AWS announced a set of machine learning-powered analytics capabilities for Amazon Connect called Contact Lens, which make it easier for businesses to identify customer issues and trends, search call and chat transcripts, and improve agent performance. Amazon Connect offers customers a fully-managed cloud contact center service. Now with Contact Lens, Amazon Connect customers have the ability to understand the sentiment, trends, and compliance of their own customer conversations to improve the experience and identify crucial feedback, with no machine learning experience required. •  AWS announced significant new analytics capabilities in Redshift that provide an order of magnitude better query performance, deliver greater flexibility, and help customers embrace data at scale. Amazon Redshift RA3 instances allow customers to optimize their data warehouse by scaling and paying for compute and storage independently, so they can choose the number of instances they need based on their data warehousing workload’s performance requirements, and only pay for the managed storage that they use; AQUA (Advanced Query Accelerator) for Amazon Redshift is a new distributed and hardware-accelerated cache that brings compute to the storage layer, so data doesn’t have to move back and forth between the two, giving customers up to 10x better query performance than other cloud data warehouse provider; Amazon Redshift Data Lake Export allows customers to export data directly from Amazon Redshift to Amazon S3 in an open data format optimized for analytics; and Amazon Redshift Federated Query lets customers analyze data across their Amazon Redshift data warehouse, Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3) Data Lake, and Amazon RDS and Aurora databases.  •  AWS announced a new innovative highly-scalable, cost-saving warm storage tier for Amazon Elasticsearch Service called UltraWarm that makes it easier for customers to retain any amount of current and historical log data at up to    one-tenth the current cost and is 80% less than the cost of warm-tier storage from other managed Elasticsearch offerings. •  AWS announced Amazon Managed (Apache) Cassandra Service, a scalable, highly available, and fully-managed database service that supports Cassandra workloads. Developers can use the same Cassandra application code, Apache 2.0 licensed drivers, and tools as they do today to run, manage, and scale workloads on Amazon Managed Cassandra Service without having to worry about managing the underlying infrastructure. And, because it’s serverless, it also removes the need to provision, configure, and operate large Cassandra clusters, manually add or remove nodes, and rebalance partitions as traffic scales up or down.  •  AWS announced three new services and capabilities that make it easier for customers to build and operate securely. Amazon Detective analyzes trillions of data points, using machine learning, statistical analysis, and graph theory to make it easier to visualize and conduct faster and more efficient security investigations; AWS IAM Access Analyzer makes it simple for security teams and administrators to audit resource policies for unintended access by analyzing hundreds or even thousands of policies across a customer’s environment in seconds, and delivering detailed findings about resources that are accessible from outside the account; and AWS Nitro Enclaves is a new Amazon EC2 capability that makes it easy for customers in healthcare, financial services, energy, media and entertainment, and other data-intensive industries to process highly sensitive data, like personally identifiable information and intellectual property on their compute instances, particularly from internal threats within their own accounts.  •  AWS announced that customers can start using AWS Fargate for Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (EKS), making it easier for customers to run Kubernetes applications on AWS. AWS Fargate, which provides serverless computing for containers, has substantially changed the way developers manage and deploy their containers. Launched two years ago to work with Amazon Elastic Container Service (ECS), AWS Fargate has been broadly requested by Kubernetes customers. Now, with AWS Fargate for Amazon EKS, customers can run Kubernetes-based applications on AWS without the need to manage servers and clusters.  •  AWS announced three key initiatives as a part of its plans to help advance quantum computing technologies. Amazon Braket is a new, fully-managed AWS service that enables scientists, researchers, and developers to begin experimenting with computers from quantum hardware providers (including D-Wave, IonQ, and Rigetti) in a single place; AWS Center for Quantum Computing will bring together quantum computing experts from Amazon, the California Institute of Technology (Caltech), and other top academic research institutions to collaborate on the research and development of new quantum computing technologies; and the Amazon Quantum Solutions Lab connects customers with quantum computing experts from Amazon and its partners to develop internal expertise aimed at identifying practical uses of quantum computing, and accelerating the development of quantum applications with meaningful impact.  , Financial Guidance The following forward-looking statements reflect Amazon.com’s expectations as of January 30, 2020, and are subject to substantial uncertainty. Our results are inherently unpredictable and may be materially affected by many factors, such as fluctuations in foreign exchange rates, changes in global economic conditions and customer spending, world events, the rate of growth of the Internet, online commerce, and cloud services, and the various factors detailed below. , First Quarter 2020 Guidance •  Net sales are expected to be between $69.0 billion and $73.0 billion, or to grow between 16% and 22% compared with first quarter 2019. This guidance anticipates a favorable impact of approximately 5 basis points from foreign exchange rates. •  Operating income is expected to be between $3.0 billion and $4.2 billion, compared with $4.4 billion in first quarter 2019. This guidance includes approximately $800 million lower depreciation expense due to an increase in the estimated useful life of our servers beginning on January 1, 2020. •  This guidance assumes, among other things, that no additional business acquisitions, investments, restructurings, or legal settlements are concluded.  A conference call will be webcast live today at 2:30 p.m. PT/5:30 p.m. ET, and will be available for at least three months at amazon.com/ir. This call will contain forward-looking statements and other material information regarding the Company’s financial and operating results.  These forward-looking statements are inherently difficult to predict. Actual results could differ materially for a variety of reasons, including, in addition to the factors discussed above, the amount that Amazon.com invests in new business opportunities and the timing of those investments, the mix of products and services sold to customers, the mix of net sales    derived from products as compared with services, the extent to which we owe income or other taxes, competition, management of growth, potential fluctuations in operating results, international growth and expansion, the outcomes of claims, litigation, government investigations, and other proceedings, fulfillment, sortation, delivery, and data center optimization, risks of inventory management, seasonality, the degree to which the Company enters into, maintains, and develops commercial agreements, proposed and completed acquisitions and strategic transactions, payments risks, and risks of fulfillment throughput and productivity. Other risks and uncertainties include, among others, risks related to new products, services, and technologies, system interruptions, government regulation and taxation, and fraud. In addition, the global economic climate amplifies many of these risks. More information about factors that potentially could affect Amazon.com’s financial results is included in Amazon.com’s filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), including its most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and subsequent filings.  Our investor relations website is amazon.com/ir and we encourage investors to use it as a way of easily finding information about us. We promptly make available on this website, free of charge, the reports that we file or furnish with the SEC, corporate governance information (including our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics), and select press releases, which may contain material information about us, and you may subscribe to be notified of new information posted to this site. , About Amazon Amazon is guided by four principles: customer obsession rather than competitor focus, passion for invention, commitment to operational excellence, and long-term thinking. Customer reviews, 1-Click shopping, personalized recommendations, Prime, Fulfillment by Amazon, AWS, Kindle Direct Publishing, Kindle, Fire tablets, Fire TV, Amazon Echo, and Alexa are some of the products and services pioneered by Amazon. For more information, visit amazon.com/about and follow @AmazonNews.    , AMAZON.COM, INC. Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (in millions) (unaudited)    Three Months Ended , December 31,  Twelve Months Ended , December 31,  2018  2019  2018  2019             CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND RESTRICTED CASH, BEGINNING OF PERIOD $ 21,032  $ 23,554  $ 21,856  $ 32,173 OPERATING ACTIVITIES:        Net income 3,027  3,268  10,073  11,588 Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash from operating activities:        , Depreciation and amortization of property and equipment and capitalized content costs, operating lease assets, and other 4,262  6,170  15,341  21,789 , Stock-based compensation 1,417  1,840  5,418  6,864 Other operating expense (income), net 72  50  274  164 Other expense (income), net 197  (494)  219  (249) Deferred income taxes 173  185  441  796 , Changes in operating assets and liabilities:        Inventories (1,350)  (1,516)  (1,314)  (3,278) Accounts receivable, net and other (1,395)  (3,906)  (4,615)  (7,681) Accounts payable 6,882  10,683  3,263  8,193 Accrued expenses and other 2,665  2,894  472  (1,383) Unearned revenue 528  485  1,151  1,711 , Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities 16,478  19,659  30,723  38,514 INVESTING ACTIVITIES:        Purchases of property and equipment (3,733)  (5,312)  (13,427)  (16,861) Proceeds from property and equipment sales and incentives 614  1,371  2,104  4,172 Acquisitions, net of cash acquired, and other (331)  (777)  (2,186)  (2,461) Sales and maturities of marketable securities 1,938  7,626  8,240  22,681 Purchases of marketable securities (2,060)  (6,444)  (7,100)  (31,812) , Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities (3,572)  (3,536)  (12,369)  (24,281) FINANCING ACTIVITIES:        Proceeds from long-term debt and other 406  1,098  768  2,273 Repayments of long-term debt and other (134)  (1,865)  (668)  (2,684) Principal repayments of finance leases (1,906)  (2,780)  (7,449)  (9,628) Principal repayments of financing obligations (126)  (24)  (337)  (27) , Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities (1,760)  (3,571)  (7,686)  (10,066) Foreign currency effect on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash (5)  304  (351)  70 , Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash 11,141  12,856  10,317  4,237 CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND RESTRICTED CASH, END OF PERIOD $ 32,173  $ 36,410  $ 32,173  $ 36,410 , SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION:        Cash paid for interest on long-term debt $ 121  $ 155  $ 854  $ 875 Cash paid for operating leases —  941  —  3,361 Cash paid for interest on finance leases 103  166  381  647 Cash paid for interest on financing obligations 53  19  194  39 Cash paid for income taxes, net of refunds 171  188  1,184  881 Assets acquired under operating leases —  2,476  —  7,870 Property and equipment acquired under finance leases 3,680  4,182  10,615  13,723 Property and equipment acquired under build-to-suit arrangements 1,143  252  3,641  1,362 ______________________________ On January 1, 2019, we adopted accounting guidance amending the accounting for leases, which did not have a material impact on our 2019 operating results. Prior period amounts were not retrospectively adjusted. Under this new guidance, leases we previously referred to as “capital leases” are now referred to as “finance leases.” Leases we previously referred to as “finance leases” are now referred to as “financing obligations.”    , AMAZON.COM, INC. Consolidated Statements of Operations (in millions, except per share data) (unaudited)   Three Months Ended , December 31,  Twelve Months Ended , December 31,  2018  2019  2018  2019               Net product sales $ 44,700  $ 50,542  $ 141,915  $ 160,408 , Net service sales 27,683  36,895  90,972  120,114 , Total net sales 72,383  87,437  232,887  280,522 , Operating expenses:        , Cost of sales 44,786  53,977  139,156  165,536 , Fulfillment 10,028  12,192  34,027  40,232 , Technology and content 7,669  9,740  28,837  35,931 , Marketing 4,911  6,172  13,814  18,878 , General and administrative 1,117  1,412  4,336  5,203 , Other operating expense (income), net 86  65  296  201 , Total operating expenses 68,597  83,558  220,466  265,981 , Operating income 3,786  3,879  12,421  14,541 , Interest income 150  211  440  832 , Interest expense (387)  (455)  (1,417)  (1,600) , Other income (expense), net (199)  418  (183)  203 , Total non-operating income (expense) (436)  174  (1,160)  (565) , Income before income taxes 3,350  4,053  11,261  13,976 , Provision for income taxes (327)  (786)  (1,197)  (2,374) , Equity-method investment activity, net of tax 4  1  9  (14) , Net income $ 3,027  $ 3,268  $ 10,073  $ 11,588 , Basic earnings per share $ 6.18  $ 6.58  $ 20.68  $ 23.46 , Diluted earnings per share $ 6.04  $ 6.47  $ 20.14  $ 23.01 , Weighted-average shares used in computation of earnings per share:        , Basic 490  496  487  494 , Diluted 501  505  500  504     , AMAZON.COM, INC. Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (in millions) (unaudited)   Three Months Ended , December 31,  Twelve Months Ended , December 31,  2018  2019  2018  2019               Net income $ 3,027  $ 3,268  $ 10,073  $ 11,588 , Other comprehensive income (loss):        , Net change in foreign currency translation adjustments:        , Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax of $(13), $1, $6, and $(5) (25)  447  (538)  78 , Reclassification adjustment for foreign currency translation included in “Other operating expense (income), net,” net of tax of $0, $0, $0, and $29 —  —  —  (108) , Net foreign currency translation adjustments (25)  447  (538)  (30) , Net change in unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale debt securities:        , Unrealized gains (losses), net of tax of $0, $1, $0, and $(12) 5  (2)  (17)  83 , Reclassification adjustment for losses (gains) included in “Other income (expense), net,” net of tax of $0, $0, $0, and $0 2  (2)  8  (4) , Net unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale debt securities 7  (4)  (9)  79 , Total other comprehensive income (loss) (18)  443  (547)  49 , Comprehensive income $ 3,009  $ 3,711  $ 9,526  $ 11,637      , AMAZON.COM, INC. Segment Information (in millions) (unaudited)   Three Months Ended , December 31,  Twelve Months Ended , December 31,  2018  2019  2018  2019               North America        , Net sales $ 44,124  $ 53,670  $ 141,366  $ 170,773 , Operating expenses 41,873  51,770  134,099  163,740 , Operating income $ 2,251  $ 1,900  $ 7,267  $ 7,033         International        , Net sales $ 20,829  $ 23,813  $ 65,866  $ 74,723 , Operating expenses 21,471  24,430  68,008  76,416 , Operating income (loss) $ (642)  $ (617)  $ (2,142)  $ (1,693)         AWS        , Net sales $ 7,430  $ 9,954  $ 25,655  $ 35,026 , Operating expenses 5,253  7,358  18,359  25,825 , Operating income $ 2,177  $ 2,596  $ 7,296  $ 9,201         Consolidated        , Net sales $ 72,383  $ 87,437  $ 232,887  $ 280,522 , Operating expenses 68,597  83,558  220,466  265,981 , Operating income 3,786  3,879  12,421  14,541 , Total non-operating income (expense) (436)  174  (1,160)  (565) , Provision for income taxes (327)  (786)  (1,197)  (2,374) , Equity-method investment activity, net of tax 4  1  9  (14) , Net income $ 3,027  $ 3,268  $ 10,073  $ 11,588         Segment Highlights:        , Y/Y net sales growth:        , North America 18% 22% 33% 21%, International 15  14  21  13 , AWS 45  34  47  37 , Consolidated 20  21  31  20 , Net sales mix:        , North America 61% 61% 61% 61%, International 29  27  28  27 , AWS 10  12  11  12 , Consolidated 100% 100% 100% 100%     , ...]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       \n","2  AMZN-Q1-2020-Earnings-Release     [Microsoft Word - Earnings Release_4.30.20_12PM with quote     , AMAZON.COM ANNOUNCES FIRST QUARTER RESULTS , SEATTLE—(BUSINESS WIRE) April 30, 2020—Amazon.com, Inc. (NASDAQ: AMZN) today announced financial results for its first quarter ended March 31, 2020.  •  Operating cash flow increased 16% to $39.7 billion for the trailing twelve months, compared with $34.4 billion for the trailing twelve months ended March 31, 2019. •  Free cash flow increased to $24.3 billion for the trailing twelve months, compared with $23.0 billion for the trailing twelve months ended March 31, 2019. •  Free cash flow less principal repayments of finance leases and financing obligations decreased to $14.3 billion for the trailing twelve months, compared with $15.1 billion for the trailing twelve months ended March 31, 2019. •  Free cash flow less equipment finance leases and principal repayments of all other finance leases and financing obligations decreased to $11.7 billion for the trailing twelve months, compared with $11.8 billion for the trailing twelve months ended March 31, 2019. •  Common shares outstanding plus shares underlying stock-based awards totaled 513 million on March 31, 2020, compared with 507 million one year ago. •  Net sales increased 26% to $75.5 billion in the first quarter, compared with $59.7 billion in first quarter 2019. Excluding the $387 million unfavorable impact from year-over-year changes in foreign exchange rates throughout the quarter, net sales increased 27% compared with first quarter 2019. •  Operating income decreased to $4.0 billion in the first quarter, compared with operating income of $4.4 billion in first quarter 2019. •  Net income decreased to $2.5 billion in the first quarter, or $5.01 per diluted share, compared with net income of $3.6 billion, or $7.09 per diluted share, in first quarter 2019.  “From online shopping to AWS to Prime Video and Fire TV, the current crisis is demonstrating the adaptability and durability of Amazon’s business as never before, but it’s also the hardest time we’ve ever faced,” said Jeff Bezos, Amazon founder and , CEO. “We are inspired by all the essential workers we see doing their jobs — nurses and doctors, grocery store cashiers, police officers, and our own extraordinary frontline employees. The service we provide has never been more critical, and the people doing the frontline work — our employees and all the contractors throughout our supply chain — are counting on us to keep them safe as they do that work. We’re not going to let them down. Providing for customers and protecting employees as this crisis continues for more months is going to take skill, humility, invention, and money. If you’re a shareowner in Amazon, you may want to take a seat, because we’re not thinking small. Under normal circumstances, in this coming Q2, we’d expect to make some $4 billion or more in operating profit. But these aren’t normal circumstances. Instead, we expect to spend the entirety of that $4 billion, and perhaps a bit more, on COVID-related expenses getting products to customers and keeping employees safe. This includes investments in personal protective equipment, enhanced cleaning of our facilities, less efficient process paths that better allow for effective social distancing, higher wages for hourly teams, and hundreds of millions to develop our own COVID-19 testing capabilities. There is a lot of uncertainty in the world right now, and the best investment we can make is in the safety and well-being of our hundreds of thousands of employees. I’m confident that our long-term oriented shareowners will understand and embrace our approach, and that in fact they would expect no less.”    , COVID-19  , What we are doing for employees •  Our top concern is ensuring the health and safety of our employees and contractors around the world. We made over 150 significant process changes in our operations network and Whole Foods Market stores to help teams stay healthy — and we conduct daily audits of the measures we’ve put into place.  •  We have procured 100 million face masks and are requiring that they be worn by all associates, drivers, and support staff in our operations network. We purchased more than 1,000 thermal cameras and 31,000 thermometers, which we are using to conduct mandatory daily temperature checks for employees and support staff throughout our operations sites and Whole Foods Market stores. •  A team of Amazonians — from research scientists and program managers to procurement specialists and software engineers — has moved from their normal day jobs to a dedicated team working to build incremental testing capacity. , The team is building its first lab and has begun a pilot to test front-line employees. We’re not sure how far we will get in the relevant timeframe, but we think it’s worth trying, and we stand ready to share anything we learn. •  In March and April, we announced plans to and have now hired 175,000 people in our fulfillment and delivery network in response to increased customer demand and to assist existing employees. We are happy to welcome these new hires to our team and are continuing to hire. •  In March, we increased pay for hourly employees by $2/hour in the U.S. and Canada, £2/hour in the U.K., and €2/hour in many European countries. We also doubled the regular hourly base pay for overtime hours worked — a minimum of $34 an hour in the U.S. — an increase from time and a half. Our investment in increased pay for our hourly employees and partners during COVID-19 will be nearly $700 million through May 16.    , What we are doing for customers •  We’re prioritizing the stocking and delivery of essential items to ensure the fastest delivery of household staples, medical supplies, and other critical products.  •  We’re acting aggressively to help protect customers from bad actors and have removed over one million offers from our stores due to COVID-based price gouging. We’ve suspended more than 10,000 selling accounts globally for violating our fair-pricing policies.  •  We’re working hard to increase order capacity for Prime Now, Amazon Fresh, and Whole Foods Market. We’ve expanded Whole Foods Market grocery pickup from roughly 80 stores to more than 150, adjusted store hours for select locations to focus exclusively on fulfilling online grocery orders during certain times, and have made it easier for customers to see when the next delivery window is available on the Prime Now, Amazon Fresh, and Whole Foods , Market homepages.  •  We’ve implemented additional safety measures within our Whole Foods Market stores, including providing plexiglass barriers between cashiers and customers at checkout, rolling out enhanced cleanliness and sanitation protocols, and enforcing social distancing guidelines. Our Whole Foods Market locations are open to seniors one hour before opening the store to the general public, and we are reserving the first hour of grocery pickup at select Whole Foods Market locations for seniors.  •  Alexa is helping customers stay informed and connected, and can now answer tens of thousands of questions related to COVID-19. We’re working to provide accurate and timely information from official government and news sources, globally. Alexa also provides an experience that helps customers in Brazil, Canada, India, Japan, Mexico, and the U.S. check their risk level for COVID-19. Customers can ask, “Alexa, what do I do if I think I have COVID-19?” or “Alexa, what do I do if I think I have coronavirus?” Alexa then asks a series of questions about the person’s symptoms and possible exposure and provides guidance sourced from local health authorities.     •  To support third-party sellers in Amazon’s stores, many of whom are small and medium-sized businesses, we paused Amazon Lending loan repayments from March 26 to April 30. In recent weeks, we also waived one month of fees for long-term storage, Strategic Account Services account management, and the Launchpad program, as well as two weeks of inventory storage fees. •  Amazon is supporting small businesses by partnering with American Express and its Stand for Small initiative, providing free use of business tools that help with virtual communication and collaboration, such as Amazon Chime, , Amazon WorkDocs, and Amazon WorkSpaces, as well as enabling small businesses to use the cloud at no charge for , 12 months with AWS Free Tier. We’re also giving complimentary access to training and educational tools from the , Amazon Small Business Academy to help entrepreneurs learn how to build their businesses online. •  AWS is helping healthcare workers, medical researchers, scientists, and public health officials working to understand and fight COVID-19 by providing a centralized repository of curated, up-to-date, pre-processed, and publicly-readable datasets focused on the spread and characteristics of the virus. The AWS COVID-19 data lake, which includes data sets from Johns Hopkins University, Definitive Healthcare, Carnegie Mellon’s Delphi Research Group, and other sources, is available for anyone researching, tracking, deploying vital resources, or developing other helpful solutions and applications to combat COVID-19.   •  AWS is supporting the White House’s COVID-19 High Performance Computing Consortium, providing computing resources to advance research on diagnosis, treatment, and vaccines. •  Customers are using AWS to lessen the impact that COVID-19 has on families, communities, and businesses. Examples include: •  The New York City COVID-19 Rapid Response Coalition is using a conversational agent, which is running on AWS, to enable at-risk, elderly New Yorkers to receive accurate, timely information about medical needs.  •  The Los Angeles Unified School District is using AWS to power a new call center that is fielding IT questions, providing remote support, and enabling staff to answer calls around remote learning for 700,000 students.  •  Volunteer Surge, a nonprofit consortium, is running its online training platform on AWS to recruit, train, and deploy one million volunteer health workers. •  The World Health Organization is using AWS to build large-scale data lakes, aggregate epidemiological country data, rapidly translate medical training videos into different languages, and help global healthcare workers better treat patients. •  Cerner, a global healthcare technology company, is compiling de-identified patient data to help COVID-19 researchers and is leveraging AWS to secure and store critical information. The data is available free of charge and will support research, vaccine development, and new treatment options, allowing organizations to share information and accelerate understanding of the virus.  •  In England, the National Health Service is using AWS to analyze hospital occupancy levels, emergency room capacity, and patient wait times in order to help decide where best to allocate resources. •  AWS is helping Kentucky and West Virginia authorities address the surge in call volumes to unemployment call centers by transitioning from legacy technology that often required agents to work in the states’ offices to , Amazon Connect which enables staff to work remotely via the AWS Cloud.  •  Origin Energy, Australia’s largest integrated energy retailer, is using Amazon Connect to operate its cloud-based contact center and successfully manage inbound calls by enabling their contact center agents to work remotely during the COVID-19 crisis. •  AWS is helping the state of Rhode Island address a surge in unemployment insurance applications — 10 times the volume their legacy system could typically handle — by powering the Department of Labor and , Training’s website and online application portal.     •  AWS is helping schools around the world quickly deploy and transition to online learning through its EdTech customers and partners. In Egypt, the Ministry of Education and CDSM Thinqi are standing up instant access to online learning content, where 22 million K-12 students are able to continue their education in the midst of COVID-19; and in India, EdTech startup Impartus is launching virtual classrooms for more than 530,000 students — the online equivalent of 13,000 physical classrooms. AWS is also working with Blackboard, the largest education technology and services company in the world, enabling them to scale to 50x their usual capacity within a 24-hour timeframe to meet the global surge in demand of daily users for their virtual teaching and learning platform. •  In collaboration with Salesforce, AWS is participating in the “Salesforce Care” campaign, a program to onboard up to 300 customers, like HCA Healthcare and Providence Health & Services, to help them quickly stand-up call center capacity to handle the spike in demand from their patients.   , What we are doing for communities •  Using our network of Amazon Flex drivers, we’re partnering with food banks across the U.S. to donate delivery services of groceries to serve six million meals through the end of June. We’ve delivered 427,000 pounds of groceries, representing 336,000 meals.  •  We’ve partnered with a Seattle catering company to distribute more than 73,000 meals to over 2,700 elderly and medically-vulnerable residents in Seattle and King County during the outbreak.  •  We’re donating $5 million in Amazon devices to support healthcare workers, patients, schools, teachers, and communities around the globe that have been impacted by COVID-19. •  We’ve provided $10 million in funding to provide relief to more than 800 small businesses in Seattle and the Puget Sound through cash grants and free rent as part of our Neighborhood Small Business Relief Fund.   •  We have donated 12,200 laptops to students across the U.S. and are making online computer science resources, including exam prep, available at no cost to students, parents, and teachers through Amazon Future Engineer.  •  We committed more than €21 million to relief organizations across Europe to support those most affected by COVID-19. •  In partnership with the United States Department of Agriculture we’ve expanded the list of states where Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits can be used online, which now includes Alabama, Arizona, California, , Florida, Iowa, Kentucky, Nebraska, New York, Oregon, and Washington, with additional states to come online soon.  •  With the AWS Diagnostic Development Initiative, a program to support customers working to bring more accurate diagnostic solutions to market for COVID-19, we’re committing $20 million to accelerate this work and help our customers harness the cloud to tackle this challenge.   , Business Highlights  , Shopping and Entertainment •  Amazon ranked #1 in the 2019 American Customer Satisfaction Index Internet Retail Category and has been ranked in the top 10 for the past 11 years. In the U.K., the Institute of Customer Service named Amazon as the company with the best customer service score for the past decade. •  Prime Video launched Prime Video Cinema in the U.S., the U.K., and Germany. Prime Video Cinema is a premium movie rental offering that allows customers to stream in-theater movies at home, including titles such as Birds of Prey, , Emma, The Invisible Man, Onward, and Trolls World Tour. •  Customers in the U.S., the U.K., and Germany can now rent or buy hundreds of thousands of video titles directly from the Prime Video app on Apple iOS 12 devices and the Apple TV Gen 4+, including new release movies, award-winning TV shows, and Oscar-nominated movies.     •  Prime Video premiered several new Amazon Original series including the reality competition Making the Cut, hosted and executive produced by Heidi Klum and Tim Gunn; The Forgotten Army in India; Love Island in France; Celebrity , Hunted in Italy; and the docuseries The Test: A New Era for Australia’s Team in Australia. •  Prime Video and the National Football League (NFL) announced a multi-year agreement to renew their partnership to deliver a live digital stream of 11 Thursday Night Football games as well as exclusive global streaming rights to one additional regular season game. All NFL games on Prime Video are available at no extra cost to Prime members. •  Amazon launched Amazon Go Grocery in Seattle, the first grocery store to offer Just Walk Out Shopping. The store's checkout-free experience is enabled by the same Just Walk Out Technology used in 25 Amazon Go stores across the , U.S. In addition, Amazon is now offering its Just Walk Out Technology to retailers for use in their stores, allowing more shoppers to enjoy the convenience of taking what they want and leaving without stopping to check out. •  Amazon launched Amazon.nl and a new Prime program for the Netherlands marketplace. Amazon Prime includes unlimited free shipping, Prime Video, Twitch Prime, and Amazon Photos. •  Amazon announced that more than 15,000 small and medium-sized businesses selling in Amazon’s stores in the U.S. surpassed $1 million in sales in 2019. Additionally, third-party sellers sold more than 700 million items that shipped with Prime Free One-Day Delivery or faster in the U.S. in 2019.  , Devices and Alexa •  Alexa is available on even more devices including TV, mobile, and auto and is now available on select LG and Samsung Smart TV 2020 models and the new OnePlus 8 mobile phone. Additionally, BMW customers in the U.S., and , MINI customers in the U.S., France, Italy, Spain, and Austria can now access Alexa on select models. •  Amazon introduced a new speaking style for Alexa skills, enabling U.S. developers to build more natural long-form content experiences by adding conversational pauses to Alexa’s speech when reading articles or blogs. •  Fire TV’s content catalog continues to grow internationally with new apps, including Disney+, available on Fire TV and Fire Tablet devices in the U.K., France, Germany, Italy, and Spain. •  Ring launched several new products and features, including two Ring Video Doorbells and its next-generation Ring Chime and Ring Chime Pro, in the U.S., the U.K., Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. Additionally, Ring launched mandatory two-step verification for all users, along with the ability to opt out of personalized advertising. •  Amazon launched Blink Mini, a new compact indoor smart security camera that works with Alexa in the U.S., the U.K., Canada, Germany, and France.   , Amazon Web Services •  AWS announced the opening of the AWS Europe (Milan) and AWS Africa (Cape Town) Regions. AWS now spans 76 Availability Zones within 24 geographic regions, with announced plans for nine more Availability Zones and three more AWS Regions in Indonesia, Japan, and Spain.                                                        •  AWS announced the general availability of Amazon Detective, a security service that makes it easy for customers to conduct faster and more efficient investigations into security issues across their AWS workloads. Amazon Detective automatically collects log data from a customer’s resources and uses machine learning, statistical analysis, and graph theory to build interactive visualizations that help customers analyze, investigate, and quickly identify the root cause of potential security issues or suspicious activities.  •  AWS announced the general availability of Amazon Keyspaces (for Apache Cassandra), a scalable, highly available, and fully managed database service for Cassandra workloads. Amazon Keyspaces supports the same application code, , Apache 2.0 licensed drivers, and developer tools that customers running Cassandra workloads use today. With Amazon , Keyspaces, customers can easily migrate on-premises Cassandra workloads to the cloud, without having to provision, configure, and operate servers or large Cassandra clusters, or needing to manually add or remove nodes or rebalance partitions as traffic scales up or down.    •  AWS announced Amazon AppFlow, a fully managed service that provides an easy, secure way for customers to create and automate bidirectional data flows between AWS and SaaS applications — such as Salesforce, Slack, Infor Nexus, , Marketo, ServiceNow, Trend Micro, and Zendesk — without writing custom integration code. Amazon AppFlow also works with AWS PrivateLink to route data flows through the AWS network instead of over the public Internet to provide even stronger data privacy and security. With Amazon AppFlow, customers can bring together and manage petabytes, even exabytes, of data spread across all of their applications without having to develop custom connectors or manage underlying API and network connectivity. •  AWS announced the general availability of Amazon Augmented Artificial Intelligence (Amazon A2I), a fully managed service that makes it easy to add human review to machine learning predictions to enhance model and application accuracy by continuously identifying and improving low confidence predictions. Human review for model predictions can be added to new or existing applications using reviewers from Mechanical Turk, third party vendors, or a customer’s own employees. •  AWS helped power the NFL’s first ever remote draft — the most watched ever, reaching more than 55 million viewers total. Through all seven rounds of the three-day event, AWS ensured that over 100 live feeds ran successfully, creating a seamless experience for the NFL, teams, coaches, players and their families, fans, and everyone watching.  , Community and Sustainability •  Amazon launched the first Amazon Future Engineer Teacher of the Year Awards, recognizing teachers working to help students in underserved communities gain the skills they need to build careers in computer science. •  Amazon donated $3.9 million to CodeVA, a Virginia non-profit organization, to expand computer science education for 500,000 students and training for 12,000 teachers in 700 underserved communities across Virginia — with virtual training starting now in light of COVID-19. •  Amazon leveraged its operational expertise and logistics network to provide relief and support to victims across the globe including those impacted by the Australian bushfire crisis, Indonesia’s floods, earthquakes in Puerto Rico, and tornadoes in the Middle Tennessee region. Amazon has donated more than 750,000 relief items to help community partners responding to large-scale natural disasters. •  Amazon announced four new renewable energy projects across the U.S., Europe, and Australia that will support Amazon’s commitment under The Climate Pledge to be net zero carbon by 2040, 10 years ahead of the Paris , Agreement. Globally, Amazon has 86 renewable energy projects that have the capacity to generate over 2,300 MW and deliver more than 6.3 million MWh of energy annually. •  Amazon announced its first donation of $10 million to The Nature Conservancy. This first project donation is part of Amazon’s Right Now Climate Fund — a $100 million commitment to protect, restore, and support reforestation projects around the world in collaboration with The Nature Conservancy. , Financial Guidance The following forward-looking statements reflect Amazon.com’s expectations as of April 30, 2020, and are subject to substantial uncertainty. Our results are inherently unpredictable and may be materially affected by many factors, such as fluctuations in foreign exchange rates, changes in global economic conditions and customer spending, world events, the rate of growth of the Internet, online commerce, and cloud services, and the various factors detailed below. This guidance reflects our estimates as of April 30, 2020 regarding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our operations, including those discussed above, and is highly dependent on numerous factors that we may not be able to predict or control, including: the duration and spread of the pandemic; actions taken by governments, businesses, and individuals in response to the pandemic; the impact of the pandemic on global and regional economies and economic activity, workforce staffing and productivity, and our significant and continuing spending on employee safety measures; our ability to continue operations in affected areas; and consumer demand and consumer spending patterns, as well as the effects on suppliers, creditors, and third-party sellers, all of which are uncertain. This guidance also assumes the impacts on consumer demand and spending patterns, including impacts due to concerns over the current economic outlook, will be in line with those experienced during Q2 to date, and the additional    assumptions set forth below. However, it is not possible to determine the ultimate impact on our operations for the second quarter, or whether other currently unanticipated direct or indirect consequences of the pandemic are reasonably likely to materially affect our operations. , Second Quarter 2020 Guidance •  Net sales are expected to be between $75.0 billion and $81.0 billion, or to grow between 18% and 28% compared with second quarter 2019. This guidance anticipates an unfavorable impact of approximately 70 basis points from foreign exchange rates. •  Operating income (loss) is expected to be between $(1.5) billion and $1.5 billion, compared with $3.1 billion in second quarter 2019. This guidance assumes approximately $4.0 billion of costs related to COVID-19. •  This guidance assumes, among other things, that no additional business acquisitions, investments, restructurings, or legal settlements are concluded.  , A conference call will be webcast live today at 2:30 p.m. PT/5:30 p.m. ET, and will be available for at least three months at amazon.com/ir. This call will contain forward-looking statements and other material information regarding the Company’s financial and operating results.  , These forward-looking statements are inherently difficult to predict. Actual results could differ materially for a variety of reasons, including, in addition to the factors discussed above, the amount that Amazon.com invests in new business opportunities and the timing of those investments, the mix of products and services sold to customers, the mix of net sales derived from products as compared with services, the extent to which we owe income or other taxes, competition, management of growth, potential fluctuations in operating results, international growth and expansion, the outcomes of claims, litigation, government investigations, and other proceedings, fulfillment, sortation, delivery, and data center optimization, risks of inventory management, seasonality, the degree to which the Company enters into, maintains, and develops commercial agreements, proposed and completed acquisitions and strategic transactions, payments risks, and risks of fulfillment throughput and productivity. Other risks and uncertainties include, among others, risks related to new products, services, and technologies, system interruptions, government regulation and taxation, and fraud. In addition, additional or unforeseen effects from the , COVID-19 pandemic and the global economic climate may give rise to or amplify many of these risks. More information about factors that potentially could affect Amazon.com’s financial results is included in Amazon.com’s filings with the Securities and , Exchange Commission (“SEC”), including its most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and subsequent filings.  , Our investor relations website is amazon.com/ir and we encourage investors to use it as a way of easily finding information about us. We promptly make available on this website, free of charge, the reports that we file or furnish with the SEC, corporate governance information (including our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics), and select press releases, which may contain material information about us, and you may subscribe to be notified of new information posted to this site. , About Amazon Amazon is guided by four principles: customer obsession rather than competitor focus, passion for invention, commitment to operational excellence, and long-term thinking. Customer reviews, 1-Click shopping, personalized recommendations, Prime, , Fulfillment by Amazon, AWS, Kindle Direct Publishing, Kindle, Fire tablets, Fire TV, Amazon Echo, and Alexa are some of the products and services pioneered by Amazon. For more information, visit amazon.com/about and follow @AmazonNews.    , AMAZON.COM, INC. , Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (in millions) (unaudited)    Three Months Ended , March 31,  Twelve Months Ended , March 31,  2019  2020  2019  2020             CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND RESTRICTED CASH, BEGINNING OF PERIOD $ 32,173  $ 36,410  $ 17,616  $ 23,507 OPERATING ACTIVITIES:        Net income 3,561  2,535  12,005  10,563 Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash from operating activities:        , Depreciation and amortization of property and equipment and capitalized content costs, operating lease assets, and other 4,854  5,362  16,524  22,297 , Stock-based compensation 1,274  1,757  5,509  7,347 Other operating expense (income), net (13)  67  205  244 Other expense (income), net (135)  565  268  451 Deferred income taxes 415  322  714  704 , Changes in operating assets and liabilities:        Inventories 719  1,392  (2,815)  (2,605) Accounts receivable, net and other (401)  1,262  (6,043)  (6,018) Accounts payable (6,384)  (8,044)  7,095  6,532 Accrued expenses and other (2,932)  (2,761)  (235)  (1,213) Unearned revenue 888  607  1,133  1,430 , Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities 1,846  3,064  34,360  39,732 INVESTING ACTIVITIES:        Purchases of property and equipment (3,290)  (6,795)  (13,619)  (20,365) Proceeds from property and equipment sales and incentives 569  1,367  2,303  4,970 Acquisitions, net of cash acquired, and other (1,169)  (91)  (3,342)  (1,384) Sales and maturities of marketable securities 2,643  11,626  8,205  31,664 Purchases of marketable securities (6,876)  (15,001)  (13,506)  (39,938) , Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities (8,123)  (8,894)  (19,959)  (25,053) FINANCING ACTIVITIES:        Proceeds from long-term debt and other 190  693  833  2,776 Repayments of long-term debt and other (351)  (667)  (817)  (3,000) Principal repayments of finance leases (2,214)  (2,600)  (7,649)  (10,013) Principal repayments of financing obligations (2)  (17)  (266)  (43) , Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities (2,377)  (2,591)  (7,899)  (10,280) Foreign currency effect on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash (12)  (484)  (611)  (401) , Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash (8,666)  (8,905)  5,891  3,998 CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND RESTRICTED CASH, END OF PERIOD $ 23,507  $ 27,505  $ 23,507  $ 27,505 SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION:        Cash paid for interest on long-term debt $ 286  $ 290  $ 858  $ 879 Cash paid for operating leases 709  1,029  709  3,680 Cash paid for interest on finance leases 165  168  471  650 Cash paid for interest on financing obligations 2  22  142  59 Cash paid for income taxes, net of refunds 168  305  840  1,017 Assets acquired under operating leases 875  2,408  875  9,403 Property and equipment acquired under finance leases 2,628  2,166  10,972  13,262 Property and equipment acquired under build-to-suit arrangements 436  379  3,336  1,304     , AMAZON.COM, INC. , Consolidated Statements of Operations (in millions, except per share data) (unaudited)   Three Months Ended , March 31,  2019  2020       Net product sales $ 34,283  $ 41,841 , Net service sales 25,417  33,611 , Total net sales 59,700  75,452 , Operating expenses:    , Cost of sales 33,920  44,257 , Fulfillment 8,601  11,531 , Technology and content 7,927  9,325 , Marketing 3,664  4,828 , General and administrative 1,173  1,452 , Other operating expense (income), net (5)  70 , Total operating expenses 55,280  71,463 , Operating income 4,420  3,989 , Interest income 183  202 , Interest expense (366)  (402) , Other income (expense), net 164  (406) , Total non-operating income (expense) (19)  (606) , Income before income taxes 4,401  3,383 , Provision for income taxes (836)  (744) , Equity-method investment activity, net of tax (4)  (104) , Net income $ 3,561  $ 2,535 , Basic earnings per share $ 7.24  $ 5.09 , Diluted earnings per share $ 7.09  $ 5.01 , Weighted-average shares used in computation of earnings per share:    Basic 491  498 , Diluted 502  506     , AMAZON.COM, INC. , Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (in millions) (unaudited)   Three Months Ended , March 31,  2019  2020       Net income $ 3,561  $ 2,535 , Other comprehensive income (loss):    , Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax of $(1) and $21 (8)  (874) , Net change in unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale debt securities:    , Unrealized gains (losses), net of tax of $0 and $12 32  (203) , Reclassification adjustment for losses (gains) included in “Other income (expense), net,” net of tax of $0 and $0 1  — , Net unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale debt securities 33  (203) , Total other comprehensive income (loss) 25  (1,077) , Comprehensive income $ 3,586  $ 1,458      , AMAZON.COM, INC. , Segment Information (in millions) (unaudited)   Three Months Ended , March 31,  2019  2020       North America    , Net sales $ 35,812  $ 46,127 , Operating expenses 33,525  44,815 , Operating income $ 2,287  $ 1,312     International    , Net sales $ 16,192  $ 19,106 , Operating expenses 16,282  19,504 , Operating income (loss) $ (90)  $ (398)     AWS    , Net sales $ 7,696  $ 10,219 , Operating expenses 5,473  7,144 , Operating income $ 2,223  $ 3,075     Consolidated    , Net sales $ 59,700  $ 75,452 , Operating expenses 55,280  71,463 , ...]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           \n","3  Q2-2020-Amazon-Earnings-Release   [AMZN-2020.06.30-EX99.1 AMAZON.COM ANNOUNCES SECOND QUARTER RESULTS, SEATTLE—(BUSINESS WIRE) July 30, 2020—Amazon.com, Inc. (NASDAQ: AMZN) today announced financial results for its second quarter ended June 30, 2020. • Operating cash flow increased 42% to $51.2 billion for the trailing twelve months, compared with $36.0 billion for the trailing twelve months ended June 30, 2019. • Free cash flow increased to $31.9 billion for the trailing twelve months, compared with $25.0 billion for the trailing twelve months ended June 30, 2019. • Free cash flow less principal repayments of finance leases and financing obligations increased to $21.3 billion for the trailing twelve months, compared with $16.1 billion for the trailing twelve months ended June 30, 2019. • Free cash flow less equipment finance leases and principal repayments of all other finance leases and financing obligations increased to $19.4 billion for the trailing twelve months, compared with $13.0 billion for the trailing twelve months ended June 30, 2019.• Common shares outstanding plus shares underlying stock-based awards totaled 517 million on June 30, 2020, compared with 510 million one year ago.• Net sales increased 40% to $88.9 billion in the second quarter, compared with $63.4 billion in second quarter 2019. Excluding the $582 million unfavorable impact from year-over-year changes in foreign exchange rates throughout the quarter, net sales increased 41% compared with second quarter 2019.• Operating income increased to $5.8 billion in the second quarter, compared with operating income of $3.1 billion in second quarter 2019. • Net income increased to $5.2 billion in the second quarter, or $10.30 per diluted share, compared with net income of $2.6 billion, or $5.22 per diluted share, in second quarter 2019. “This was another highly unusual quarter, and I couldn’t be more proud of and grateful to our employees around the globe,” said Jeff Bezos, Amazon founder and CEO. “As expected, we spent over $4 billion on incremental COVID-19-related costs in the quarter to help keep employees safe and deliver products to customers in this time of high demand—purchasing personal protective equipment, increasing cleaning of our facilities, following new safety process paths, adding new backup family care benefits, and paying a special thank you bonus of over $500 million to front-line employees and delivery partners. We’ve created over 175,000 new jobs since March and are in the process of bringing 125,000 of these employees into regular, full-time positions. And third-party sales again grew faster this quarter than Amazon’s first-party sales. Lastly, even in this unpredictable time, we injected significant money into the economy this quarter, investing over $9 billion in capital projects, including fulfillment, transportation, and AWS.”, Highlights, Supporting Employees• Amazon’s top priority is providing for the health and safety of our employees and partners, and the company spent more than $4 billion in the second quarter on incremental COVID-19 related initiatives to help keep employees safe, provide additional compensation to our employees and delivery partners, and deliver products to customers.• Amazon provided a one-time Thank You bonus totaling over $500 million to all front-line employees and partners who were with the company throughout the month of June.• Amazon introduced a new family backup care benefit through Care.com to 650,000 full and part-time Amazon and Whole Foods Market employees in the U.S. This benefit provides employees with up to 10 days of company-subsidized emergency backup child or adult care.• Amazon introduced Distance Assistant to help keep employees safe by providing them with live feedback on their social distancing via a 50-inch monitor. Amazon made the software and AI behind this innovation available via open source so that anyone can create their own Distance Assistant at no cost and get up and running with just a monitor, computer, and camera.• Amazon is collaborating with national medical care group Crossover Health to pilot Amazon Neighborhood Health Centers, which are new medical facilities available to Amazon employees and their families. The centers will provide access to quality, convenient care while reducing health care costs for employees and Amazon. The pilot includes 20 Crossover Health branded and operated centers in Dallas/Fort Worth, Texas; Phoenix, Arizona; Louisville, Kentucky; Detroit, Michigan; and San Bernardino/Moreno Valley, California., Investing in Communities• Amazon donated more than $10 million of personal protective equipment, including 4.4 million masks and thousands of contactless thermometers, to Direct Relief and Feeding America. The masks went to over 200 of Direct Relief’s partner clinics and Feeding America’s food banks and agencies in 47 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. • Amazon Business delivered more than 200 million essential health and safety products to healthcare and government organizations in tens of thousands of locations across the U.S.• Amazon partnered with food banks and schools to deliver more than six million meals to underserved families and vulnerable seniors in 25 U.S. cities and in communities in Australia, Japan, Singapore, Spain, and the U.K. Amazon plans to deliver one million more meals by the end of this summer.• Amazon teamed up with Boys & Girls Clubs of America to launch Camp Prime, offering families fun, safe, and easy ways to help kids stay engaged this summer, including a digital handbook full of camp-themed activities using items from around the house. Camp Prime is free and available to all, and Prime members can extend their experience with content from Prime Video, Prime Reading, and Amazon Music. Amazon also donated $500,000 to Boys & Girls Clubs to help dozens of Club locations offer kids summer activities, including filling “curbside camp” kits available for pickup from Clubs that remain closed.• Amazon announced a $10 million donation to 12 organizations that are working to bring about social justice for and improve the lives of Black and African Americans. In addition, Amazon also matched 100% of $8.5 million in donations by Amazon employees, bringing total donations to these organizations from the company and its employees to $27 million.• Amazon announced its first ever Amazon Future Engineer Teacher of the Year Award honoring 10 teachers each with a grant valued at more than $50,000 to benefit their schools and students. Amazon also announced its second annual class of Amazon Future Engineer Scholarship recipients, awarding 100 students each with a $40,000 college scholarship and a guaranteed paid internship at Amazon., Protecting the Planet• Verizon, Infosys, Reckitt Benckiser, and Oak View Group signed The Climate Pledge, the commitment co-founded by Amazon and Global Optimism to achieve net-zero carbon by 2040, a decade ahead of the Paris Agreement.• Amazon and We Mean Business, a global nonprofit coalition working with businesses to accelerate the transition to a zero-carbon economy, announced a partnership to establish the world’s most comprehensive effort to drive companies to adopt more ambitious carbon emissions reduction goals. The partnership encourages companies to accelerate their goals to meet The Climate Pledge.• Amazon launched The Climate Pledge Fund with an initial $2 billion in funding to help support visionary companies whose product and service solutions will facilitate the transition to a zero carbon economy.• Amazon announced it is on a path to run on 100% renewable energy by 2025, five years ahead of schedule. As part of The Climate Pledge, Amazon had previously committed to reach 80% renewable energy by 2024 and 100% renewable energy by 2030.• Amazon Air secured up to six million gallons of sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) supplied by Shell Aviation and produced by World Energy. The investment will help increase production of SAF by demonstrating growing demand for low-carbon aviation fuel. The fuel is produced from a feedstock of inedible agricultural waste fats and oils and is expected to reduce carbon emissions by up to 20% compared to conventional jet fuel.• Amazon secured the naming rights to the new home of Seattle’s NHL team, Kraken, and WNBA team, Storm, and will name it Climate Pledge Arena. Opening in summer 2021, Climate Pledge Arena will be one of the world’s most sustainable arenas. Through a partnership between Amazon, Oak View Group, and NHL Seattle, the rebuild of this venue is expected to be the first net zero carbon certified arena in the world.• In Germany, Amazon announced the first project in Europe from Amazon’s $100 million Right Now Climate Fund. The €3.75 million commitment to The Nature Conservancy will support its work, which includes increasing species biodiversity in cities., Empowering Small and Medium-Sized Businesses• Amazon released its 2020 Small and Medium-Sized Business (SMB) Impact Report, highlighting how SMBs selling in its U.S. store have sold more than 3.4 billion products in the past year and created an estimated 1.1 million jobs.• In partnership with the British small business support network “Enterprise Nation,” Amazon launched the Amazon Small Business Accelerator, which aims to support more than 200,000 small businesses across the U.K. negatively impacted by the COVID-19 crisis. Amazon hosted a week-long boot camp in the U.K. to help 1,000 offline businesses get online, and offered free services, AWS credits, training, and support.• In the U.K., Amazon worked with the British Chambers of Commerce to give up to 1,000 businesses tours of Amazon fulfillment centers, helping other companies learn from the safety measures Amazon has put in place within its own operations so the businesses can re-open safely and kick-start the economy.• Amazon in Japan launched Global Selling to allow Japanese sellers to reach new customers across 16 Amazon sites worldwide. • Amazon in India announced plans to help digitally enable micro, small, and medium businesses across the country as part of a $1 billion investment pledge. Amazon launched Local Shops on Amazon.in, offering shopkeepers and retailers with physical stores the ability to register to serve more customers from their local areas. Since launch, more than 11,000 sellers have enrolled in the program. In addition, Amazon introduced seller registration and account management services in Hindi to help businesses overcome language barriers. Since launch, more than 10,000 sellers have used Hindi to register on Amazon.in. , Shopping and Entertainment• Amazon increased grocery delivery capacity by over 160% and tripled grocery pickup locations to support customers during COVID-19. Online grocery sales tripled in the second quarter when compared with the same period last year.• Amazon continues working closely with the U.S. Department of Agriculture to expand access to online grocery shopping for people who rely on Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits. Amazon now reaches beneficiaries in 39 states and the District of Columbia, providing more than 90% of SNAP households with the ability to use their SNAP benefits online.• Amazon established the Amazon Counterfeit Crimes Unit, a team dedicated to bringing counterfeiters who violate the law and Amazon’s policies by listing counterfeit products in its stores to justice. Amazon’s Counterfeit Crimes Unit is a global, multi-disciplinary group composed of former federal prosecutors, experienced investigators, and data analysts who will join Amazon’s existing Customer Trust team working to drive counterfeit to zero.• Prime Video launched Watch Parties, a feature that enables Prime members to interact with each other via chat on a desktop while watching Prime Video content, including award-winning TV shows and movies.• Prime Video introduced Prime Video Profiles, allowing customers to create and manage up to six profiles within a single account. Each profile offers individualized recommendations, season progress, and watchlists based on individual profile activity.• Amazon premiered several Amazon Original series including Upload, from Emmy-winner Greg Daniels, Homecoming Season 2, Bosch Season 6, and Regular Heroes, a docuseries focusing on COVID-19 heroes. Additionally, Amazon premiered several Original movies including Selah and the Spades, The Goldfinch, The Vast of Night, 7500, and the family action-comedy My Spy, along with local Indian movies Ponmagal Vandhal and Gulabo Sitabo., Devices and Alexa• Amazon expanded the portfolio of devices and features that are available to customers around the world. Echo Auto is now available in Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the U.K.; Echo Dot with clock and Echo Studio are now available in Brazil; eero mesh WiFi systems are now available in Australia and Mexico; and Alexa Skill Blueprints are now available in France, Italy, Mexico, and Spain. • Amazon announced new or expanded Alexa integrations with global automotive brands including General Motors, Volkswagen, Toyota, and Lexus. • Amazon continues to make Alexa smarter and add more ways for customers to stay connected. Customers can now set reminders that play across all of their Alexa devices, use new notification capabilities with Routines, ask Alexa for nutrition tips, receive Announcements on their mobile phones as a push notification, and broadcast a response to an Announcement.  • The Alexa Fund is supporting the startup community through investments in Molekule, a leader in reinventing air purification, and Amira Learning, the first AI-powered reading assistant. The Alexa Fund also announced its newest cohort of companies participating in Alexa Next Stage powered by Techstars, a program empowering entrepreneurs who are innovating in the field of voice technology.• Amazon announced new live content integrations on Fire TV from YouTube TV and Hulu, and expanded discovery options including the new Free tab which helps customers find free movies, TV shows, and more. • Ring launched its next-generation original Ring Video Doorbell for improved home security, featuring a higher resolution camera, improved night vision and additional privacy features. Ring also announced Ring Alarm is now available in several additional European countries, including Germany, Norway, and Sweden., Amazon Web Services• Customers are using AWS to lessen the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on families, communities, and businesses. Examples include:• With the support of AWS hosting services, the World Health Organization (WHO) launched an app to support health workers around the world in caring for patients with COVID-19, as well as to protect themselves as they do this critical work. • Zoom, a provider of enterprise video communications, has long utilized AWS to host a significant portion of its network. In addition to offering a robust free service, since March Zoom has also offered free access to over 100,000 schools to enable them to educate students remotely. Zoom and AWS have worked together to help businesses, schools, and healthcare institutions maintain mission and business continuity as they stay safe at home. • Propel, a company focused on building software to help low-income Americans improve their financial health, developed Fresh Electronic Benefit Transfer (EBT), an app built on AWS that has helped more than three million individuals per month manage their benefits under the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), save with coupons, and find jobs.• UNC Health built a chatbot on AWS to help address increased call volumes to its COVID-19 help line, answering questions from patients seeking guidance on COVID-19 testing and what to do if they or their loved ones were exposed to the virus.  • Orange County United Way built a highly-secure mobile and web-enabled app on AWS called AssistOC that allows individuals to submit requests for financial assistance to the nonprofit’s Homelessness Prevention Program, launched in response to the current pandemic, via a smartphone or personal computer.• AWS announced several significant new customer commitments and migrations during the quarter. Examples include: • HSBC, one of the world’s largest financial services organizations, selected AWS as a key, long-term strategic cloud provider to drive their digital transformation and deliver new and personalized banking services for millions of personal banking customers worldwide.• Global market intelligence company IHS Markit selected AWS as its preferred cloud provider to help improve scalability and agility to respond to industry changes and develop new products and services.• Formula 1 is using a range of AWS services, including machine learning, for six new F1 Insights powered by AWS that will roll out during the 2020 racing season to give fans the ability to compare their favorite drivers and cars and better predict race outcomes.• Bundesliga is using AWS machine learning and analytics to enhance the fan experience for Germany’s top football league, delivering new advanced statistics through Bundesliga Match Facts powered by AWS, including Average Positions and xGoals.• Capella Space, a provider of on-demand Earth observation data via satellite-based radar, is all-in on AWS, running its entire infrastructure on AWS using a full portfolio of cloud services including AWS Ground Station to deliver satellite data to customers in minutes. • Genesys has selected AWS as the preferred cloud provider for Genesys Cloud, an all-in-one solution and leading public cloud contact center platform used by organizations around the world to manage and improve customer relationships across any channel, including voice, text, web chat, and social. • AWS announced Amazon Honeycode, a fully-managed service that allows customers to quickly build powerful mobile and web applications – with no programming required. With Amazon Honeycode, customers can create applications using the simplicity and familiarity of a spreadsheet, but with the data management capability of a database, the collaboration and notifications common in business applications, and a truly seamless web and mobile user experience to perform important business functions like managing field agents, performing PO approvals, scheduling weekly events, reporting employee or team activities, tracking task progress, following customer activity, surveying end users, managing content, inventorying resources, and more.• AWS announced the general availability of AWS Snowcone, a small, ultra-portable, rugged, and secure edge computing and data transfer device that can fit in a small backpack. At under five pounds, AWS Snowcone is the smallest member of the AWS Snow Family of devices, enabling customers to collect data, process it locally, and move it to AWS. AWS Snowcone is built to withstand harsh conditions, and is designed for a variety of use cases in environments outside of the traditional data center that lack consistent network connectivity and/or require portability.• AWS announced the general availability of AWS IoT SiteWise, a managed service that collects data from the plant floor, structures and labels the data, and generates real-time key performance indicators (KPIs) and metrics to help industrial customers make better, data-driven decisions. Customers can use SiteWise to monitor operations across facilities, quickly compute industrial performance metrics, create applications that analyze industrial equipment data to prevent costly equipment issues, and reduce gaps in production.• AWS announced the general availability of the sixth generation of Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) with three Arm-based instances (M6g, C6g, R6g) powered by AWS-designed, Arm-based Graviton2 processors, that deliver up to 40% better price and performance than current x86 processor-based instances. • AWS announced the general availability of Amazon CodeGuru, a developer-quality service powered by machine learning that provides intelligent recommendations for improving code quality and identifying an application’s most expensive lines of code.• AWS announced the general availability of UltraWarm for Amazon Elasticsearch Service, a highly performant, fully-managed, low-cost warm storage tier that provides fast, interactive analytics of log data at one-tenth the cost of existing storage options. UltraWarm for Amazon Elasticsearch Service gives Elasticsearch customers a warm storage tier that both stores large amounts of data cost-effectively and provides the type of interactive experience that Elasticsearch customers expect.• AWS announced the general availability of Amazon Kendra, a highly accurate and easy to use enterprise search service powered by machine learning. Amazon Kendra enables organizations to index all of their internal data sources across siloes, makes that data searchable, and allows users to get precise answers to natural language queries instead of trial-and-error keyword search – all with no machine learning expertise required.• AWS and Slack announced a multi-year agreement to deliver solutions for enhanced enterprise workforce collaboration. Slack will migrate its Slack Calls capability for all voice and video calling to Amazon Chime, AWS’s communications service that lets users meet, chat, and place business calls. Slack is also leveraging AWS’s global infrastructure to support enterprise customers’ rapid adoption of its platform and to offer them data residency – the ability to choose which country or region their data is stored at rest in while fulfilling compliance requirements. • AWS announced a new, global team dedicated to accelerating innovation in the global aerospace and satellite industry. The Aerospace and Satellite Solutions team will bring AWS services and solutions to the space enterprise, and work with customers and partners around the world to: reimagine space system architectures; transform space enterprises; launch new services that process space data on Earth and in orbit; and provide secure, flexible, scalable, and cost-efficient cloud solutions to support government missions and companies advancing space around the world.• AWS announced Amazon Interactive Video Service (Amazon IVS), a managed service customers may use to set up live, interactive video streams for web or mobile applications in just a few minutes. Amazon IVS uses the same technology that powers Twitch and allows customers to configure live streams that can be delivered to millions of concurrent viewers globally with interactive features like virtual chat spaces, votes and polls, moderated question and answer sessions, and synchronized promotional elements., Financial GuidanceThe following forward-looking statements reflect Amazon.com’s expectations as of July 30, 2020, and are subject to substantial uncertainty. Our results are inherently unpredictable and may be materially affected by many factors, such as fluctuations in foreign exchange rates, changes in global economic conditions and customer spending, world events, the rate of growth of the Internet, online commerce, and cloud services, and the various factors detailed below. This guidance reflects our estimates as of July 30, 2020 regarding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our operations, including those discussed above, and is highly dependent on numerous factors that we may not be able to predict or control, including: the duration and scope of the pandemic, including any recurrence; actions taken by governments, businesses, and individuals in response to the pandemic; the impact of the pandemic on global and regional economies and economic activity, workforce staffing and productivity, and our significant and continuing spending on employee safety measures; our ability to continue operations in affected areas; and consumer demand and spending patterns, as well as the effects on suppliers, creditors, and third-party sellers, all of which are uncertain. This guidance also assumes the impacts on consumer demand and spending patterns, including impacts due to concerns over the current economic outlook, will be in line with those experienced during the third quarter to date, and the additional assumptions set forth below. However, it is not possible to determine the ultimate impact on our operations for the third quarter, or whether other currently unanticipated direct or indirect consequences of the pandemic are reasonably likely to materially affect our operations., Third Quarter 2020 Guidance• Net sales are expected to be between $87.0 billion and $93.0 billion, or to grow between 24% and 33% compared with third quarter 2019. This guidance anticipates an unfavorable impact of approximately 20 basis points from foreign exchange rates. • Operating income is expected to be between $2.0 billion and $5.0 billion, compared with $3.2 billion in third quarter 2019. This guidance assumes more than $2.0 billion of costs related to COVID-19. • This guidance assumes, among other things, that no additional business acquisitions, investments, restructurings, or legal settlements are concluded., A conference call will be webcast live today at 2:30 p.m. PT/5:30 p.m. ET, and will be available for at least three months at amazon.com/ir. This call will contain forward-looking statements and other material information regarding the Company’s financial and operating results., These forward-looking statements are inherently difficult to predict. Actual results could differ materially for a variety of reasons, including, in addition to the factors discussed above, the amount that Amazon.com invests in new business opportunities and the timing of those investments, the mix of products and services sold to customers, the mix of net sales derived from products as compared with services, the extent to which we owe income or other taxes, competition, management of growth, potential fluctuations in operating results, international growth and expansion, the outcomes of claims, litigation, government investigations, and other proceedings, fulfillment, sortation, delivery, and data center optimization, risks of inventory management, seasonality, the degree to which the Company enters into, maintains, and develops commercial agreements, proposed and completed acquisitions and strategic transactions, payments risks, and risks of fulfillment throughput and productivity. Other risks and uncertainties include, among others, risks related to new products, services, and technologies, system interruptions, government regulation and taxation, and fraud. In addition, additional or unforeseen effects from the COVID-19 pandemic and the global economic climate may give rise to or amplify many of these risks. More information about factors that potentially could affect Amazon.com’s financial results is included in Amazon.com’s filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), including its most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and subsequent filings., Our investor relations website is amazon.com/ir and we encourage investors to use it as a way of easily finding information about us. We promptly make available on this website, free of charge, the reports that we file or furnish with the SEC, corporate governance information (including our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics), and select press releases, which may contain material information about us, and you may subscribe to be notified of new information posted to this site., About AmazonAmazon is guided by four principles: customer obsession rather than competitor focus, passion for invention, commitment to operational excellence, and long-term thinking. Customer reviews, 1-Click shopping, personalized recommendations, Prime, Fulfillment by Amazon, AWS, Kindle Direct Publishing, Kindle, Fire tablets, Fire TV, Amazon Echo, and Alexa are some of the products and services pioneered by Amazon. For more information, visit amazon.com/about and follow @AmazonNews., AMAZON.COM, INC.Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows(in millions)(unaudited)   Three Months Ended, June 30,Six Months Ended, June 30,Twelve Months Ended, June 30, 2019 2020 2019 2020 2019 2020, CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND RESTRICTED CASH, BEGINNING OF PERIOD $ 23,507 $ 27,505 $ 32,173 $ 36,410 $ 20,536 $ 22,965 OPERATING ACTIVITIES:Net income  2,625  5,243  6,186  7,778  12,096  13,180 Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash from operating activities:, Depreciation and amortization of property and equipment and capitalized content costs, operating lease assets, and other  5,202  5,748  10,056  11,110  18,097  22,843 Stock-based compensation  1,971  2,601  3,245  4,358  6,012  7,977 Other operating expense (income), net  80  282  67  348  200  445 Other expense (income), net  (7)  (769)  (142)  (204)  152  (310) Deferred income taxes  105  465  520  787  958  1,063 , Changes in operating assets and liabilities:Inventories  (2,100)  (672)  (1,381)  720  (3,826)  (1,176) Accounts receivable, net and other  (2,193)  (2,854)  (2,594)  (1,592)  (6,873)  (6,680) Accounts payable  3,668  8,616  (2,716)  573  8,060  11,482 Accrued expenses and other  (623)  1,699  (3,556)  (1,063)  (653)  1,110 Unearned revenue  390  247  1,278  854  1,806  1,286 , Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities  9,118  20,606  10,963  23,669  36,029  51,220 INVESTING ACTIVITIES:Purchases of property and equipment  (3,562)  (7,459)  (6,852)  (14,254)  (13,938)  (24,263) Proceeds from property and equipment sales and incentives  919  844  1,488  2,212  2,927  4,895 Acquisitions, net of cash acquired, and other  (117)  (118)  (1,285)  (210)  (2,592)  (1,385) Sales and maturities of marketable securities  5,161  8,138  7,804  19,764  11,706  34,641 Purchases of marketable securities  (9,950)  (19,209)  (16,827)  (34,210)  (22,919)  (49,196) , Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities  (7,549)  (17,804)  (15,672)  (26,698)  (24,816)  (35,308) FINANCING ACTIVITIES:Proceeds from short-term debt, and other  222  2,433  307  3,050  972  4,145 Repayments of short-term debt, and other  (73)  (1,906)  (363)  (2,537)  (958)  (3,693) Proceeds from long-term debt  61  9,918  166  9,994  347  10,699 Repayments of long-term debt  (39)  (205)  (101)  (241)  (122)  (1,305) Principal repayments of finance leases  (2,327)  (2,817)  (4,541)  (5,417)  (8,693)  (10,504) Principal repayments of financing obligations  (2)  (15)  (3)  (32)  (211)  (56) , Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities  (2,158)  7,408  (4,535)  4,817  (8,665)  (714) Foreign currency effect on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash  47  127  36  (356)  (119)  (321) Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash  (542)  10,337  (9,208)  1,432  2,429  14,877 CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND RESTRICTED CASH, END OF PERIOD $ 22,965 $ 37,842 $ 22,965 $ 37,842 $ 22,965 $ 37,842 SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION:, Cash paid for interest on debt $ 147 $ 139 $ 433 $ 430 $ 837 $ 872 Cash paid for operating leases  838  1,086  1,547  2,115  1,547  3,929 Cash paid for interest on finance leases  150  161  315  329  536  662 Cash paid for interest on financing obligations  4  21  5  43  105  77 Cash paid for income taxes, net of refunds  283  486  451  791  822  1,221 Assets acquired under operating leases  2,220  3,347  3,094  5,755  3,094  10,530 Property and equipment acquired under finance leases  3,307  3,155  5,935  5,321  11,944  13,110 Property and equipment acquired under build-to-suit arrangements  283  482  719  861  2,825  1,504 , AMAZON.COM, INC.Consolidated Statements of Operations(in millions, except per share data)(unaudited)  Three Months Ended, June 30,Six Months Ended, June 30, 2019 2020 2019 2020, Net product sales $ 35,856 $ 50,244 $ 70,139 $ 92,085 Net service sales  27,548  38,668  52,965  72,279 , Total net sales  63,404  88,912  123,104  164,364 Operating expenses:, Cost of sales  36,337  52,660  70,257  96,917 Fulfillment  9,271  13,806  17,872  25,337 Technology and content  9,065  10,388  16,991  19,713 Marketing  4,291  4,345  7,955  9,173 General and administrative  1,270  1,580  2,444  3,032 Other operating expense (income), net  86  290  81  360 , Total operating expenses  60,320  83,069  115,600  154,532 Operating income  3,084  5,843  7,504  9,832 Interest income  215  135  398  337 Interest expense  (383)  (403)  (749)  (805) Other income (expense), net  (27)  646  138  240 , Total non-operating income (expense)  (195)  378  (213)  (228) Income before income taxes  2,889  6,221  7,291  9,604 Provision for income taxes  (257)  (984)  (1,094)  (1,729) Equity-method investment activity, net of tax  (7)  6  (11)  (97) Net income $ 2,625 $ 5,243 $ 6,186 $ 7,778 Basic earnings per share $ 5.32 $ 10.50 $ 12.57 $ 15.59 Diluted earnings per share $ 5.22 $ 10.30 $ 12.31 $ 15.32 Weighted-average shares used in computation of earnings per share:, Basic  493  500  492  499 Diluted  503  509  503  508 , AMAZON.COM, INC.Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (in millions)(unaudited)  Three Months Ended, June 30,Six Months Ended, June 30, 2019 2020 2019 2020, Net income $ 2,625 $ 5,243 $ 6,186 $ 7,778 Other comprehensive income (loss):, Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax of $(6), $(8), $(8) and $13  7  207  (1)  (668) Net change in unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale debt securities:, Unrealized gains (losses), net of tax of $(11), $(73), $(11) and $(61)  44  407  76  205 Reclassification adjustment for losses (gains) included in “Other income (expense), net,” net of tax of $0, $0, $0 and $0  (1)  (6)  —  (6) , Net unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale debt securities  43  401  76  199 , Total other comprehensive income (loss)  50  608  75  (469) Comprehensive income $ 2,675 $ 5,851 $ 6,261 $ 7,309 , AMAZON.COM, INC.Segment Information(in millions)(unaudited)   Three Months Ended, June 30,Six Months Ended, June 30, 2019 2020 2019 2020, North AmericaNet sales $ 38,653 $ 55,436 $ 74,465 $ 101,563 Operating expenses  37,089  53,295  70,614  98,111 Operating income $ 1,564 $ 2,141 $ 3,851 $ 3,452 , InternationalNet sales $ 16,370 $ 22,668 $ 32,563 $ 41,774 Operating expenses  16,971  22,323  33,253  41,826 Operating income (loss) $ (601) $ 345 $ (690) $ (52) , AWSNet sales $ 8,381 $ 10,808 $ 16,076 $ 21,027 Operating expenses  6,260  7,451  11,733  14,595 Operating income $ 2,121 $ 3,357 $ 4,343 $ 6,432 , ConsolidatedNet sales $ 63,404 $ 88,912 $ 123,104 $ 164,364 Operating expenses  60,320  83,069  115,600  154,532 Operating income  3,084  5,843  7,504  9,832 Total non-operating income (expense)  (195)  378  (213)  (228) Provision for income taxes  (257)  (984)  (1,094)  (1,729) Equity-method investment activity, net of tax  (7)  6  (11)  (97) Net income $ 2,625 $ 5,243 $ 6,186 $ 7,778 , Segment Highlights:Y/Y net sales growth:, North America  20 %  43 %  18 %  36 %International  12  38  10  28 AWS  37  29  39  31 Consolidated  20  40  18  34 , Net sales mix:North America  61 %  62 %  61 %  62 %International  26  26  26  25 AWS  13  12  13  13 Consolidated  100 %  100 %  100 %  100 %, AMAZON.COM, INC.Consolidated Balance Sheets(in millions, except per share data) , December 31, 2019 June 30, 2020(unaudited), ASSETS, Current assets:Cash and cash equivalents $ 36,092 $ 37,466 Marketable securities  18,929  33,925 Inventories  20,497  19,599 Accounts receivable, net and other  20,816  19,918 , Total current assets  96,334  110,908 Property and equipment, net  72,705  86,517 Operating leases  25,141  28,537 Goodwill  14,754  14,751 Other assets  16,314  17,601 , Total assets $ 225,248 $ 258,314 LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY, Current liabilities:Accounts payable $ 47,183 $ 51,036 Accrued expenses and other  32,439  33,863 Unearned revenue  8,190  8,997 , Total current liabilities  87,812  93,896 Long-term lease liabilities  39,791  42,798 Long-term debt  23,414  33,128 Other long-term liabilities  12,171  14,764 Commitments and contingenciesStockholders’ equity:, Preferred stock, $0.01 par value:Authorized shares — 500Issued and outstanding shares — none  —  — , Common stock, $0.01 par value:Authorized shares — 5,000Issued shares — 521 and 524Outstanding shares — 498 and 501  5  5 , Treasury stock, at cost  (1,837)  (1,837) Additional paid-in capital  33,658  38,017 Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)  (986)  (1,455) Retained earnings  31,220  38,998 , Total stockholders’ equity  62,060  73,728 Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $ 225,248 $ 258,314 , AMAZON.COM, INC.Supplemental Financial Information and Business Metrics(in millions, except per share data)(unaudited), Q1 2019 Q2 2019 Q3 2019 Q4 2019 Q1 2020 Q2 2020Y/Y %Change, Cash Flows and SharesOperating cash flow -- trailing twelve months (TTM) $ 34,360 $ 36,029 $ 35,332 $ 38,514 $ 39,732 $ 51,220  42 %, Operating cash flow -- TTM Y/Y growth  89 %  65 %  33 %  25 %  16 %  42 % N/A, Purchases of property and equipment, net of proceeds from sales and incentives -- TTM$ 11,316 $ 11,011 $ 11,868 $ 12,689 $ 15,395 $ 19,368  76 %, Principal repayments of finance leases -- TTM (1) $ 7,649 $ 8,693 $ 8,754 $ 9,628 $ 10,013 $ 10,504  21 %, Principal repayments of financing obligations -- TTM (1) $ 266 $ 211 $ 129 $ 27 $ 43 $ 56  (73) %, Equipment acquired under finance leases -- TTM (1) (2) $ 10,909 $ 11,656 $ 12,580 $ 12,916 $ 12,209 $ 11,952  3 %, Principal repayments of all other finance leases -- TTM (1) (3) $ 76 $ 176 $ 302 $ 392 $ 407 $ 415  136 %, Free cash flow -- TTM (4) $ 23,044 $ 25,018 $ 23,464 $ 25,825 $ 24,337 $ 31,852  27 %, Free cash flow less principal repayments of finance leases and financing obligations-- TTM (1) (5) $ 15,129 $ 16,114 $ 14,581 $ 16,170 $ 14,281 $ 21,292  32 %, Free cash flow less equipment finance leases and principal repayments of all other finance leases and financing obligations -- TTM (1) (6) $ 11,793 $ 12,975 $ 10,453 $ 12,490 $ 11,678 $ 19,429  50 %, Common shares and stock-based awards outstanding  507  510  511  512  513  517  1 %, Common shares outstanding  492  494  495  498  499  501  1 %, Stock-based awards outstanding  15  16  16  14  14  16  — %, Stock-based awards outstanding -- % of common shares outstanding  3.0 %  3.3 %  3.2 %  2.9 %  2.8 %  3.2 % N/A, Results of OperationsWorldwide (WW) net sales $ 59,700 $ 63,404 $ 69,981 $ 87,437 $ 75,452 $ 88,912  40 %, WW net sales -- Y/Y growth, excluding F/X  19 %  21 %  25 %  21 %  27 %  41 % N/A, WW net sales -- TTM $ 241,546 $ 252,064 $ 265,469 $ 280,522 $ 296,274 $ 321,782  28 %, WW net sales -- TTM Y/Y growth, excluding F/X  26 %  23 %  22 %  22 %  23 %  28 % N/A, Operating income $ 4,420 $ 3,084 $ 3,157 $ 3,879 $ 3,989 $ 5,843  89 %, F/X impact -- favorable (unfavorable) $ 84 $ 58 $ 22 $ 16 $ 63 $ 111 N/A, Operating income -- Y/Y growth (decline), excluding F/X  125 %  1 %  (16) %  2 %  (11) %  86 % N/A, Operating margin -- % of WW net sales  7.4 %  4.9 %  4.5 %  4.4 %  5.3 %  6.6 % N/A, Operating income -- TTM $ 14,914 $ 15,014 $ 14,448 $ 14,541 $ 14,109 $ 16,868  12 %, Operating income -- TTM  Y/Y growth (decline), excluding F/X  190 %  99 %  32 %  16 %  (6) %  11 % N/A, Operating margin -- TTM % of WW net sales  6.2 %  6.0 %  5.4 %  5.2 %  4.8 %  5.2 % N/A, Net income $ 3,561 $ 2,625 $ 2,134 $ 3,268 $ 2,535 $ 5,243  100 %, Net income per diluted share $ 7.09 $ 5.22 $ 4.23 $ 6.47 $ 5.01 $ 10.30  97 %, Net income -- TTM $ 12,005 $ 12,096 $ 11,347 $ 11,588 $ 10,563 $ 13,180  9 %, Net income per diluted share -- TTM $ 23.96 $ 24.08 $ 22.57 $ 23.01 $ 20.93 $ 26.04  8 %______________________________(1) On January 1, 2019, we adopted accounting guidance amending the accounting for leases, which did not have a material impact on our 2019 operating results. Prior period amounts were not retrospectively adjusted. Under this new guidance, leases we previously referred to as “capital leases” are now referred to as “finance leases.” Leases we previously referred to as “finance leases” are now referred to as “financing obligations.” (2) For the twelve months ended June 30, 2019 and 2020, this amount relates to equipment included in “Property and equipment acquired under finance leases” of $11,944 million and $13,110 million.(3) For the twelve months ended June 30, 2019 and 2020, this amount relates to property included in “Principal repayments of finance leases” of $8,693 million and $10,504 million.(4) Free cash flow is cash flow from operations reduced by “Purchases of property and equipment, net of proceeds from sales and incentives.”(5) Free cash flow less principal repayments of finance leases and financing obligations is free cash flow reduced by “Principal repayments of finance leases” and “Principal repayments of financing obligations.”(6) Free cash flow less equipment finance leases and principal repayments of all other finance leases and financing obligations is free cash flow reduced by equipment acquired under finance leases, which is included in “Property and equipment acquired under finance leases,” principal repayments of all other finance lease liabilities, which is included in “Principal repayments of finance leases,” and “Principal repayments of financing obligations.” , AMAZON.COM, INC.Supplemental Financial Information and Business Metrics(in millions)(unaudited), Q1 2019 Q2 2019 Q3 2019 Q4 2019 Q1 2020 Q2 2020Y/Y %Change, SegmentsNorth America Segment:  Net sales $ 35,812 $ 38,653 $ 42,638 $ 53,670 $ 46,127 $ 55,436  43 %  Net sales -- Y/Y growth, excluding F/X  17 %  20 %  24 %  22 %  29 %  44 % N/A  Net sales -- TTM $ 146,453 $ 152,938 $ 161,228 $ 170,773 $ 181,088 $ 197,871  29 %  Operating income $ 2,287 $ 1,564 $ 1,282 $ 1,900 $ 1,312 $ 2,141  37 %  F/X impact -- favorable (unfavorable) $ 13 $ 7 $ 6 $ (3) $ 5 $ (4) N/A  Operating income -- Y/Y growth (decline), excluding F/X  98 %  (15) %  (37) %  (16) %  (43) %  37 % N/A  Operating margin -- % of North America net sales  6.4 %  4.0 %  3.0 %  3.5 %  2.8 %  3.9 % N/A  Operating income -- TTM $ 8,405 $ 8,134 $ 7,384 $ 7,033 $ 6,057 $ 6,634  (18) %  Operating margin -- TTM % of North America net sales  5.7 %  5.3 %  4.6 %  4.1 %  3.4 %  3.4 % N/A, ...]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \n","4  AMZN-Q3-2020-Earnings-Release     [Microsoft Word - AMZN-Q3-2020-Earnings-Release.docx   , AMAZON.COM ANNOUNCES THIRD QUARTER RESULTS , SEATTLE—(BUSINESS WIRE) October 29, 2020—Amazon.com, Inc. (NASDAQ: AMZN) today announced financial results for its third quarter ended September 30, 2020.   • Operating cash flow increased 56% to $55.3 billion for the trailing twelve months, compared with $35.3 billion for the trailing twelve months ended September 30, 2019.  • Free cash flow increased to $29.5 billion for the trailing twelve months, compared with $23.5 billion for the trailing twelve months ended September 30, 2019.  • Free cash flow less principal repayments of finance leases and financing obligations increased to $18.4 billion for the trailing twelve months, compared with $14.6 billion for the trailing twelve months ended September 30, 2019.  • Free cash flow less equipment finance leases and principal repayments of all other finance leases and financing obligations increased to $17.9 billion for the trailing twelve months, compared with $10.5 billion for the trailing twelve months ended September 30, 2019. • Common shares outstanding plus shares underlying stock-based awards totaled 518 million on September 30, 2020, compared with 511 million one year ago. • Net sales increased 37% to $96.1 billion in the third quarter, compared with $70.0 billion in third quarter 2019. Excluding the $691 million favorable impact from year-over-year changes in foreign exchange rates throughout the quarter, net sales increased 36% compared with third quarter 2019. • Operating income increased to $6.2 billion in the third quarter, compared with operating income of $3.2 billion in third quarter 2019.  • Net income increased to $6.3 billion in the third quarter, or $12.37 per diluted share, compared with net income of $2.1 billion, or $4.23 per diluted share, in third quarter 2019.   “Two years ago, we increased Amazon’s minimum wage to $15 for all full-time, part-time, temporary, and seasonal employees across the U.S. and challenged other large employers to do the same. Best Buy and Target have stepped up, and we hope other large employers will also make the jump to $15. Now would be a great time,” said Jeff Bezos, Amazon founder and CEO. “Offering jobs with industry-leading pay and great healthcare, including to entry-level and front-line employees, is even more meaningful in a time like this, and we’re proud to have created over 400,000 jobs this year alone. We’re seeing more customers than ever shopping early for their holiday gifts, which is just one of the signs that this is going to be an unprecedented holiday season. Big thank you to our employees and selling partners around the world who’ve been busy getting ready to deliver for customers this holiday.”  Highlights  Investing in Jobs and Employees • Amazon announced that it is creating hundreds of thousands of new jobs around the world for people at all skill levels and stages of their careers, including: • 100,000 new permanent jobs with industry-leading pay of at least $15 per hour, benefits starting on day one, sign-on bonuses of up to $1,000 in select U.S. cities, and access to company-subsidized upskilling programs like Career Choice. This hiring was part of Amazon opening 100 new operations buildings across North America. • 100,000 new seasonal jobs with Amazon Air, logistics, fulfillment centers, sortation centers, and global specialty fulfillment teams in the U.S. and Canada.   • 10,000 corporate and technology jobs in Bellevue, WA as part of the continued expansion of Amazon’s Puget Sound headquarters, and 7,000 new jobs at Tech Hubs in Dallas, Detroit, Denver, New York, Phoenix, San Diego, Toronto, and Vancouver. • 10,000 new permanent jobs in the UK, bringing the total in the country to 40,000; and thousands of new permanent jobs in Germany, bringing the total in the country to 16,000.  • In India, Amazon announced the expansion of its operations network with 10 new fulfillment centers, 5 new sortation centers, nearly 200 delivery stations, and over 100,000 seasonal jobs to help meet customer demand during the festive season. The company also launched an all-women delivery station in the state of Gujarat – the second of its kind in the country and part of the company’s ongoing efforts to provide more opportunities for women to build careers at Amazon. • More than 320,000 people attended Amazon’s Career Day, a virtual event that provided insights, tips, and advice to job seekers on how to build their career and apply for more than 130,000 corporate, technology, and operations positions available at Amazon in North America. Amazon received a record 384,000 applications for roles in Canada and the U.S. within a week of announcing the event.  • Amazon has promoted more than 35,000 people across its U.S. operations network this year, and more than 30,000 people have participated in Career Choice, an innovative program to upskill employees interested in pursuing a future outside Amazon. Over half of the tens of thousands of program participants this year are from underrepresented minority groups. • Amazon Studios and Howard University announced they will partner for a second year of the Howard Entertainment Program, which aims to further diversify the entertainment industry by creating a pipeline of underrepresented talent, including Black students, through internships and other educational opportunities. • Amazon continues to ramp up its in-house COVID-19 testing program to keep front-line employees safe, with capacity reaching 50,000 tests a day across 650 sites by November.  • Amazon was named to multiple leading rankings and awards, including: #2 on the Forbes World’s Best Employers, a survey of workers on satisfaction with their employers’ COVID-19 response, talent development, gender equality, social responsibility, and more; #3 on the Axios Harris Poll 100, Amazon’s eighth year in a row in the top 3 of this brand reputation survey; and #4 on Morning Consult’s Most Loved Brands in America, a measure of favorability, trust, and community impact.  Supporting Communities • Amazon announced plans to add more than 3,000 new schools to Amazon Future Engineer, a four-part program that funds high-quality, age-appropriate computer science curriculum for students and professional development for teachers. With the addition of these new schools, Amazon Future Engineer will expand to reach over 550,000 K-12 students across more than 5,000 elementary, middle, and high schools in underserved communities. • Amazon donated more than one million emergency aid items, including water, generators, air filters, food, KN95 masks, and cleaning supplies, to community partners providing disaster relief to people affected by wildfires in California, Oregon, and Washington, as well as Hurricane Laura along the Gulf Coast.  • Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, Amazon expanded its Right Now Needs Fund in the Puget Sound region and launched a new fund focused on Northern Virginia. The $3.5 million donation will provide students located near Amazon’s two headquarters with immediate access to food, shelter, clothing, school supplies, and more to help eliminate barriers to learning and ensure students can focus on education throughout the school year. • To support communities disproportionately impacted by COVID-19, Amazon announced it will make millions of dollars in product and monetary donations to more than a thousand charities this holiday season in Australia, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, Singapore, Spain, the UK, the U.S., and more.  Protecting the Planet • Mercedes-Benz, Best Buy, McKinstry, Real Betis, Schneider Electric, and Siemens signed The Climate Pledge, a commitment co-founded by Amazon and Global Optimism to achieve net-zero carbon by 2040, a decade ahead of the Paris Agreement.  • CarbonCure, Pachama, Redwood Materials, Rivian, and Turntide Technologies were the first companies to receive investments from Amazon as part of The Climate Pledge Fund, a $2 billion fund that invests in visionary companies whose product and service solutions will facilitate the transition to a zero-carbon economy.   • In Europe, Amazon announced it will add 1,800 electric delivery vehicles from Mercedes-Benz Vans to its delivery fleet—the largest order of electric vehicles from Mercedes-Benz Vans to date. • Amazon unveiled its first custom electric delivery vehicle, designed and built in partnership with Rivian. The new vehicles will make their first deliveries to Amazon customers in 2021. As early as 2022, there will be 10,000 of these vehicles on roads in the U.S. and EU, and all 100,000 vehicles are expected to be on the road by 2030. • In the U.S. and EU, Amazon launched Climate Pledge Friendly, a new program that identifies products with one or more of 19 different sustainability certifications, making it easy for customers to discover and shop for more sustainable products in Amazon’s store. Products identified as Climate Pledge Friendly meet standards that help preserve the natural world, such as reducing the carbon footprint of shipments to customers. Amazon also announced Compact by Design, a new sustainability certification for products with a more efficient design that leads to carbon emission reductions by requiring less packaging or less frequent purchases by customers.  • Amazon announced its most sustainable devices ever. The new Echo and Fire TV devices include 100% post-consumer recycled fabric, 100% recycled die-cast aluminum, and 30-50% post-consumer recycled plastic, and new features like Low Power Mode and an energy dashboard will enable customers to understand and reduce the energy consumption of their devices. • Amazon is building new wind and solar farms to produce clean energy equivalent to the electricity used by every customer’s Echo device. The company has said it will continue building new renewable energy projects until it accounts for the energy consumption of all Amazon devices. • Amazon announced its first operational wind farm outside the U.S. in Bäckhammar, Sweden. The wind farm is expected to deliver 280,000-megawatt hours of clean energy annually into the Swedish grid.  Empowering Small and Medium-Sized Businesses • Amazon hosted Amazon Accelerate, its largest-ever U.S. event to share best practices with small businesses on how to serve customers in Amazon’s store and grow their businesses. At the virtual event, Amazon also announced plans to invest billions of dollars to help small and medium-sized businesses succeed, and it outlined plans to onboard an additional 100,000 small and medium-sized businesses in the next year.  • Amazon hosted its second annual Ignite Digital Festival for more than 1,500 Delivery Service Partners (DSP). The virtual event showcased product and technology innovations to help them succeed, including over 250 logistics program and product changes, from routing updates and navigation improvements on the drivers’ delivery app to state-of-the-art safety technology adjustments. Since the DSP program launched over two years ago, there are now more than 1,700 owners across Canada, Germany, Spain, the UK, and the U.S. who have created over 100,000 jobs in their communities, delivered more than 2.2 billion packages worldwide, and generated over $5 billion in revenue for their small businesses. • Amazon India hosted Stand for Handmade, a 10-week program to help boost sales for Indian artisans, weavers, and women entrepreneurs by waiving selling fees and promoting local, handmade products to customers. Participating Karigar (artisans) and Saheli (women) sellers more than doubled their sales during this period, and more than 200 new sellers joined the Karigar program. • Amazon Australia launched Amazon Launchpad Innovation Grants, an initiative to celebrate innovation by Australian start-ups, entrepreneurs, and small and medium-sized businesses. The program will offer grant packages to organizations with innovative products that support Australians through the pandemic.  Shopping and Entertainment • In 19 countries, Amazon’s Prime Day kicked-off the holiday shopping season on October 13-14 with the two biggest days ever for small and medium businesses in Amazon’s stores. Third-party sellers—most of which are small and medium-sized businesses—surpassed $3.5 billion in sales on Prime Day—a nearly 60% year-over-year increase, growing even more than Amazon’s retail business. Prime members saved more than $1.4 billion, taking advantage of deep discounts and incredible deals over the two-day event. • Amazon India kicked off the Great Indian Festival on October 17, a month-long celebration with deals across popular categories such as smartphones, appliances, televisions, and consumer electronics. Sellers and brand partners experienced the biggest two days of sales in the festival’s history. Amazon India also hosted Prime Day on August 6-7, during which twice as many customers became Prime members compared to the previous year. • Amazon launched Prime in Turkey, bringing the total number of countries with Prime to 20. Prime in Turkey includes free, fast delivery on thousands of items across 20 categories, as well as access to Prime Video, Prime Gaming, and exclusive deals on Prime Day and throughout the year.    • Amazon.se launched in Sweden, offering customers more than 150 million products to choose from with everyday low prices and free delivery for eligible orders above SEK 229. • Amazon announced that Project Zero—a tool enabling brands to remove potential counterfeit products in Amazon’s store—is available in 17 countries around the world, with Australia, Brazil, the Netherlands, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Turkey, and the UAE recently added to the program. Project Zero combines Amazon’s advanced technology and machine learning with the sophisticated knowledge that brands have of their own intellectual property to drive counterfeits to zero.  • Amazon launched Amazon One, a fast, convenient, contactless way for people to use their palm to enter, identify, and pay. The highly-secure service uses custom-built algorithms and hardware to create a person’s unique palm signature. Amazon One is currently available in two Amazon Go stores in Seattle, with plans to expand to additional Amazon stores. • The first Amazon Fresh grocery stores opened in Woodland Hills and Irvine, CA. Amazon Fresh offers a seamless grocery shopping experience whether customers are shopping in-store or online, consistently low prices, a wide assortment of national brands and freshly prepared foods made daily, and free same-day delivery and pick-up for Prime members. The stores also offer new ways to make grocery shopping more convenient, including the Amazon Dash Cart, which enables customers to skip the checkout line, and new Alexa features to help customers manage their shopping lists and better navigate aisles. • Amazon Fashion announced the launch of Luxury Stores, a new shopping experience for eligible U.S. Prime members, offering established and emerging luxury fashion and beauty brands.  • The Amazon Studios global original movies slate continues to grow, with additions such as Sacha Baron Cohen’s political satire Borat Subsequent Moviefilm, which recently launched globally on Prime Video, as well as Tom Clancy’s Without Remorse, starring Michael B. Jordan, slated to launch in 2021.  • Amazon premiered several new and returning Amazon Original series, including The Boys, Breathe into the Shadows, Bandish Bandits, Mirzapur, and Putham Pudhu Kaalai in India, Peep Time and Documental S8 in Japan, Pan y Circo in Mexico, and All or Nothing: Tottenham Hotspur in the UK.  • Amazon Prime Video announced that live international rugby games will be exclusively available to UK Prime customers this winter with a brand new tournament called the Autumn Nations Cup. The tournament will feature the Six Nations (England, France, Ireland, Italy, Scotland, and Wales) as well as two guest teams from Fiji and Georgia. • Amazon Music announced multiple new services and features, including partnering with Twitch to add livestreaming to the Amazon Music app, enabling fans to engage with artists in brand-new ways and move seamlessly between livestreams and recorded music; launching podcasts for customers in Germany, Japan, the UK, and the U.S., across all tiers of service at no additional cost; and expanding its HD streaming tier to Canada, France, Italy, and Spain. • Amazon announced the launch of Prime Gaming, a new service that lets Prime members enjoy free, exclusive content for their favorite PC, console, and mobile games, plus a collection of PC games for free every month. Prime Gaming is included with Prime memberships and Prime Video subscriptions in over 200 countries and territories.  Amazon Devices and Alexa • Amazon introduced a reimagined family of Echo devices. The new Echo combines the best of Echo and Echo Plus into a single device with an all-new design, built-in smart home hub, and more powerful speakers; Echo Dot and Echo Dot with Clock feature a powerful speaker packed into a compact design; Echo Dot Kids Edition comes in Panda and Tiger designs with even more features for kids to enjoy; and the all-new Echo Show 10 now features a brilliant 10-inch, adaptive HD display that automatically moves to stay in view as you interact with Alexa.  • Amazon announced the new Fire TV Stick and Fire TV Stick Lite. Customers have purchased over 100 million Fire TV devices globally, and Fire TV customers are streaming billions of hours each month. The new Fire TV devices are 50% more powerful while using 50% less power than the previous Fire TV Stick. Amazon also introduced a redesigned Fire TV experience that provides new content-discovery features, enhanced Alexa voice integration, and user profiles for personalized recommendations. • Amazon announced new ways for customers to connect their devices with Amazon Sidewalk, a shared network that helps devices like Amazon Echo, Ring Security Cams, outdoor lights, and motion sensors work better at home and beyond the front door.  • Amazon announced the latest AI advancements that make Alexa more natural, conversational, and useful. These advancements include a new teaching capability that helps Alexa get smarter by asking questions to fill gaps in her   understanding, and natural turn-taking that will allow customers to interact with Alexa at their own pace without using a wake word, even when multiple people are talking. • Amazon introduced new features and services that continue to make Alexa smarter, like Guard Plus and the Care Hub, that help customers keep their homes and loved ones safe. Amazon also announced new Alexa privacy controls including the option for customers to not save voice recordings or simply say, “Alexa, delete everything I’ve said” to delete their voice history. Amazon expanded Alexa Calling and Messaging capabilities to help customers stay connected with the addition of group calling and integrations with Zoom and Amazon Chime. AT&T customers can also link eligible mobile numbers to make and receive hands-free calls with Alexa.  • Amazon announced customers have connected more than 100 million smart home devices to Alexa, and introduced smart home features like additional Hunches, that let customers choose to have Alexa proactively act on their behalf.  • Amazon introduced new devices and features to help kids and families learn, stay connected, and have fun together. Kids can now make Alexa Announcements with their Fire Kids Edition Tablets, help build reading fluency with Reading Sidekick, and enjoy a custom-built kids experience with the new Echo Dot Kids Edition.  • Amazon announced Amazon Halo, a new service dedicated to helping customers improve their health and wellness. Amazon Halo combines a suite of AI-powered health features that provide actionable insights into overall wellness via the new Amazon Halo app with the Amazon Halo Band, which uses multiple advanced sensors to provide the information necessary to power Halo insights.  • Amazon announced Luna, a new cloud gaming service that allows customers to play high-quality games on devices they already own. As part of early access, players will have access to more than 100 games through the Luna+ game channel and Ubisoft channel, with more games to come. Luna is built on AWS and harnesses the power of the industry’s broadest and deepest cloud platform. Amazon also announced Luna Controller, which is Alexa-enabled and connects directly to the cloud for lower latency gaming. Luna will be available on Fire TV, PC, and Mac as well as on web apps for iPhone and iPad, with Android coming soon.  • Ring announced several new products and features, including a new category of devices for the car (Ring Car Alarm, Ring Car Cam, Ring Car Connect API, and Ring Car Connect for Tesla), the autonomous flying indoor security camera Ring Always Home Cam, and a new Mailbox Sensor.  • Amazon announced new eero Pro 6 and eero 6 mesh wifi systems that feature Wi-Fi 6 support for faster speeds, higher performance, and better support for simultaneous connected devices.  • Amazon continues to support developers and startups with new Alexa tools and features, investments, and programs. Amazon announced that Dolby, Facebook, Garmin, and Xiaomi have joined the Voice Interoperability Initiative, a program to ensure voice-enabled products provide customers with choice and flexibility through multiple, interoperable voice services.  The Alexa Fund invested in health and fitness companies Tonal and Zwift; enterprise AI company Fiddler Labs; maker of smart sensor chips Aspinity; and creators of personalized sound environments Endel. The investments are in addition to the launch of two new programs in collaboration with Blavity’s AfroTech World and All Raise to support underrepresented founders. • The Federal Communications Commission voted unanimously to approve Project Kuiper, a low earth orbit satellite constellation capable of providing reliable, affordable broadband to unserved and underserved communities around the world. Amazon will invest more than $10 billion in the initiative, creating jobs and infrastructure around the U.S. that will enable the team to deliver on its vision for the project. • Blink launched Blink Indoor and Outdoor, two new wireless smart home security cameras that offer two-year battery life, HD video, new privacy zones features, and local or cloud storage options for saved clips. Cameras are available for purchase in Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, the UK, and the U.S.   Amazon Web Services • AWS announced significant customer momentum with new commitments and migrations, including: leading payments technology company Global Payments, to manage issuer processing and handling of their approximately 27 billion transactions processed annually; biotechnology company Moderna, to accelerate the development of messenger RNA medicines to prevent and fight diseases, including a vaccine candidate against COVID-19; restaurant chain Jack in the Box to enhance digital ordering, dining, and customer service experiences for its guests and to drive operational efficiency across its more than 2,200 restaurants; premier visual effects company Weta Digital to accelerate rendering of graphical visual effects, free up talent and resources, and deliver on its multi-year movie slate; leading job site Indeed to migrate more than 30 petabytes of data to AWS, reducing its global data center footprint by 40% while streamlining its IT operations; household appliance manufacturer Arçelik to use analytics, IoT, and machine learning services to build smart factories, automated production lines, and cloud connected appliances; IT services company   and AWS Partner Network (APN) Premier Consulting Partner DXC Technology to replace its legacy contact center technology and drive automation, cutting operational costs by 40%, reducing volume of common calls by up to 60%, and migrating 1,000 service desk seats; hotel franchise Best Western International to migrate largest contact center within one month and move all agents to remote within one week, enabling seamless support for 14 languages in over 35 countries while reducing costs by 40%; and cold chain provider Carrier to transform how temperature-sensitive goods such as food, medicines, and vaccines are moved around the world by enhancing safety, reliability, and efficiency. • AWS and The National Football League (NFL) announced the first six new advanced stats for the 2020 season through the NFL’s Next Gen Stats platform powered by AWS. One of the new stats, “Expected Rush Yards,” is born out of the NFL’s Big Data Bowl competition that AWS sponsored during the NFL Combine. The new advanced stats combine player tracking and machine learning to bring new insights to game play in the 2020 season. • AWS announced the general availability of Amazon Braket, a fully managed service that provides a development environment to help customers explore and design quantum algorithms. Quantum computing has the potential to solve computational problems that are beyond the reach of classical computers by harnessing the laws of quantum mechanics to build more powerful tools for processing information. Customers can use Amazon Braket to experiment with quantum algorithms through simulated quantum computers running on computing resources in AWS to help them verify their implementations. When ready, customers can use Amazon Braket to run their quantum algorithms on their choice of quantum processors based on different technologies, including systems from D-Wave, IonQ, and Rigetti.  • AWS announced the general availability of Amazon Timestream, a new time series database for IoT and operational applications that can scale to process trillions of time series events per day up to 1,000 times faster than relational databases, and at as low as 1/10th the cost. Amazon Timestream provides a serverless database service that is purpose-built to manage the scale and complexity of time series – such as data collected from industrial equipment, website clickstream logs, and data center infrastructure – so customers can analyze more data more easily and cost effectively, giving them the ability to derive additional insights and drive better business decisions from their IoT and operational monitoring applications.  • AWS announced the general availability of five AWS Wavelength Zones in Atlanta, Boston, New York City, the San Francisco Bay Area, and Washington D.C., enabling developers to build applications that deliver ultra-low latency to mobile devices and users by deploying AWS compute and storage at the edge of Verizon’s 5G network. With AWS Wavelength, developers can serve use cases that require ultra-low latency like machine learning inference at the edge, autonomous industrial equipment, smart cars and cities, Internet of Things (IoT), and Augmented and Virtual Reality. AWS is partnering with Verizon to bring AWS Wavelength to additional customers across the United States, and with other leading telecommunications providers, including Vodafone, SK Telecom, and KDDI, to launch Wavelength Zones across Europe, South Korea, and Japan in 2020 and beyond. • For the tenth consecutive year, AWS is positioned in the Leader’s quadrant in Gartner’s Magic Quadrant for Cloud Infrastructure & Platform Service (IaaS & PaaS, or “CIPS”), and once again placed highest in Ability to Execute and furthest in Completeness of Vision. • AWS announced the general availability of Amazon EBS io2 volume, the next generation Provisioned IOPS SSD volumes for Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS). The new io2 volume is designed for 100x higher volume durability (99.999%) when compared to the 99.9% durability offered by io1 Amazon EBS volumes. Higher volume durability reduces the likelihood of storage failures and makes the primary copy of customers’ data more resilient, resulting in better application availability. With io2, customers can drive 10x higher input/output operations per second (IOPS) from their provisioned storage at the same price as io1, so performance improves significantly without increasing storage cost. • AWS announced the general availability of AWS Nitro Enclaves, a new capability that makes it easier for customers to create isolated compute environments within Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) instances to securely process and protect highly sensitive data. AWS Nitro Enclaves helps customers reduce the attack surface for their applications by providing a trusted, highly isolated, and hardened environment for data processing. Each Enclave is a virtual machine created using the same Nitro Hypervisor technology that provides CPU and memory isolation for Amazon EC2 instances, but with no persistent storage, no administrator or operator access, and no external networking.    , Financial Guidance The following forward-looking statements reflect Amazon.com’s expectations as of October 29, 2020, and are subject to substantial uncertainty. Our results are inherently unpredictable and may be materially affected by many factors, such as fluctuations in foreign exchange rates, changes in global economic conditions and customer spending, world events, the rate of growth of the Internet, online commerce, and cloud services, and the various factors detailed below. This guidance reflects our estimates as of October 29, 2020 regarding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our operations, including those discussed above, and is highly dependent on numerous factors that we may not be able to predict or control, including: the duration and scope of the pandemic, including any recurrence; actions taken by governments, businesses, and individuals in response to the pandemic; the impact of the pandemic on global and regional economies and economic activity, workforce staffing and productivity, and our significant and continuing spending on employee safety measures; our ability to continue operations in affected areas; and consumer demand and spending patterns, as well as the effects on suppliers, creditors, and third-party sellers, all of which are uncertain. This guidance also assumes the impacts on consumer demand and spending patterns, including impacts due to concerns over the current economic outlook, will be in line with those experienced during the fourth quarter to date, and the additional assumptions set forth below. However, it is not possible to determine the ultimate impact on our operations for the fourth quarter, or whether other currently unanticipated direct or indirect consequences of the pandemic are reasonably likely to materially affect our operations. , Fourth Quarter 2020 Guidance • Net sales are expected to be between $112.0 billion and $121.0 billion, or to grow between 28% and 38% compared with fourth quarter 2019. This guidance anticipates a favorable impact of approximately 90 basis points from foreign exchange rates.  • Operating income is expected to be between $1.0 billion and $4.5 billion, compared with $3.9 billion in fourth quarter 2019. This guidance assumes approximately $4.0 billion of costs related to COVID-19.  • This guidance assumes, among other things, that no additional business acquisitions, investments, restructurings, or legal settlements are concluded.  A conference call will be webcast live today at 2:30 p.m. PT/5:30 p.m. ET, and will be available for at least three months at amazon.com/ir. This call will contain forward-looking statements and other material information regarding the Company’s financial and operating results.  These forward-looking statements are inherently difficult to predict. Actual results could differ materially for a variety of reasons, including, in addition to the factors discussed above, the amount that Amazon.com invests in new business opportunities and the timing of those investments, the mix of products and services sold to customers, the mix of net sales derived from products as compared with services, the extent to which we owe income or other taxes, competition, management of growth, potential fluctuations in operating results, international growth and expansion, the outcomes of claims, litigation, government investigations, and other proceedings, fulfillment, sortation, delivery, and data center optimization, risks of inventory management, seasonality, the degree to which the Company enters into, maintains, and develops commercial agreements, proposed and completed acquisitions and strategic transactions, payments risks, and risks of fulfillment throughput and productivity. Other risks and uncertainties include, among others, risks related to new products, services, and technologies, system interruptions, government regulation and taxation, and fraud. In addition, additional or unforeseen effects from the COVID-19 pandemic and the global economic climate may give rise to or amplify many of these risks. More information about factors that potentially could affect Amazon.com’s financial results is included in Amazon.com’s filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), including its most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and subsequent filings.  Our investor relations website is amazon.com/ir and we encourage investors to use it as a way of easily finding information about us. We promptly make available on this website, free of charge, the reports that we file or furnish with the SEC, corporate governance information (including our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics), and select press releases, which may contain material information about us, and you may subscribe to be notified of new information posted to this site. , About Amazon Amazon is guided by four principles: customer obsession rather than competitor focus, passion for invention, commitment to operational excellence, and long-term thinking. Customer reviews, 1-Click shopping, personalized recommendations, Prime, Fulfillment by Amazon, AWS, Kindle Direct Publishing, Kindle, Fire tablets, Fire TV, Amazon Echo, and Alexa are some of the products and services pioneered by Amazon. For more information, visit amazon.com/about and follow @AmazonNews.   , AMAZON.COM, INC. Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (in millions) (unaudited)     Three Months Ended , September 30,  Nine Months Ended , September 30,  Twelve Months Ended , September 30,   2019  2020  2019  2020  2019  2020                     CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND RESTRICTED CASH, BEGINNING OF PERIOD $ 22,965   $ 37,842   $ 32,173   $ 36,410   $ 21,032   $ 23,554  OPERATING ACTIVITIES:            Net income 2,134   6,331   8,320   14,109   11,347   17,377  Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash from operating activities:            Depreciation and amortization of property and equipment and capitalized content costs, operating lease assets, and other 5,563   6,523   15,619   17,633   19,881   23,803  Stock-based compensation 1,779   2,288   5,024   6,646   6,441   8,486  Other operating expense (income), net 47   67   114   416   186   466  Other expense (income), net 388   (1,051)  246   (1,255)  443   (1,749) Deferred income taxes 92   295   612   1,082   784   1,267  , Changes in operating assets and liabilities:            Inventories (381)  (3,899)  (1,762)  (3,178)  (3,112)  (4,694) Accounts receivable, net and other (1,181)  (2,016)  (3,776)  (3,608)  (5,172)  (7,515) Accounts payable 226   3,658   (2,490)  4,231   4,393   14,914  Accrued expenses and other (722)  (310)  (4,277)  (1,375)  (1,612)  1,520  Unearned revenue (53)  78   1,225   932   1,753   1,417  , Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities 7,892   11,964   18,855   35,633   35,332   55,292  INVESTING ACTIVITIES:            Purchases of property and equipment (4,697)  (11,063)  (11,549)  (25,317)  (15,282)  (30,629) Proceeds from property and equipment sales and incentives 1,312   1,255   2,800   3,467   3,414   4,838  Acquisitions, net of cash acquired, and other (398)  (1,735)  (1,684)  (1,945)  (2,015)  (2,722) Sales and maturities of marketable securities 7,251   13,135   15,056   32,899   16,994   40,525  Purchases of marketable securities (8,542)  (17,468)  (25,368)  (51,678)  (27,428)  (58,122) , Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities (5,074)  (15,876)  (20,745)  (42,574)  (24,317)  (46,110) FINANCING ACTIVITIES:            Proceeds from short-term debt, and other 415   1,311   722   4,361   1,292   5,042  Repayments of short-term debt, and other (341)  (1,349)  (704)  (3,886)  (1,129)  (4,701) Proceeds from long-term debt 287   —   453   9,994   589   10,412  Repayments of long-term debt (14)  (1,198)  (115)  (1,439)  (124)  (2,490) Principal repayments of finance leases (2,307)  (2,857)  (6,848)  (8,274)  (8,754)  (11,054) Principal repayments of financing obligations —   (12)  (3)  (44)  (129)  (68) , Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities (1,960)  (4,105)  (6,495)  712   (8,255)  (2,859) Foreign currency effect on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash (269)  377   (234)  21   (238)  325  Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash 589   (7,640)  (8,619)  (6,208)  2,522   6,648  CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND RESTRICTED CASH, END OF PERIOD $ 23,554   $ 30,202   $ 23,554   $ 30,202   $ 23,554   $ 30,202  , SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION:            Cash paid for interest on debt $ 287   $ 285   $ 720   $ 715   $ 842   $ 869  Cash paid for operating leases 872   1,159   2,420   3,275   2,420   4,215  Cash paid for interest on finance leases 167   155   481   484   585   650  Cash paid for interest on financing obligations 14   28   20   71   72   90  Cash paid for income taxes, net of refunds 241   502   692   1,293   863   1,481  Assets acquired under operating leases 2,299   6,115   5,393   11,870   5,393   14,346  Property and equipment acquired under finance leases 3,606   3,571   9,541   8,892   13,222   13,075  Property and equipment acquired under build-to-suit arrangements 390   366   1,109   1,228   2,252   1,480    , AMAZON.COM, INC. Consolidated Statements of Operations (in millions, except per share data) (unaudited)    Three Months Ended , September 30,  Nine Months Ended , September 30,   2019  2020  2019  2020               Net product sales $ 39,726   $ 52,774   $ 109,866   $ 144,859  Net service sales 30,255    43,371   83,220   115,650   , Total net sales 69,981    96,145   193,086   260,509   Operating expenses:        , Cost of sales 41,302    57,106   111,559   154,023   Fulfillment 10,167    14,705   28,040   40,043   Technology and content 9,200    10,976   26,191   30,691   Marketing 4,752    5,434   12,707   14,605   General and administrative 1,348    1,668   3,791   4,700   Other operating expense (income), net 55    62   136   421   , Total operating expenses 66,824    89,951   182,424   244,483   Operating income 3,157    6,194   10,662   16,026   Interest income 224    118   621   455   Interest expense (396)   (428)  (1,145)  (1,233)  Other income (expense), net (353)   925   (215)  1,165   , Total non-operating income (expense) (525)   615   (739)  387   Income before income taxes 2,632    6,809   9,923   16,413   Provision for income taxes (494)   (569)  (1,588)  (2,298)  Equity-method investment activity, net of tax (4)   91   (15)  (6)  Net income $ 2,134   $ 6,331   $ 8,320   $ 14,109  Basic earnings per share $ 4.31   $ 12.63   $ 16.87   $ 28.24  , Diluted earnings per share $ 4.23   $ 12.37   $ 16.53   $ 27.72  , Weighted-average shares used in computation of earnings per share:        , Basic 495    501   493   500   , Diluted 504    512   503   509     , AMAZON.COM, INC. Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income  (in millions) (unaudited)    Three Months Ended , September 30,  Nine Months Ended , September 30,   2019  2020  2019  2020               Net income $ 2,134   $ 6,331   $ 8,320   $ 14,109  Other comprehensive income (loss):        , Net change in foreign currency translation adjustments:        Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax of $1, $(15), $(6) and $(2) (368)   408   (369)  (260)  Reclassification adjustment for foreign currency translation included in “Other operating expense (income), net,” net of tax of $29, $0, $29 and $0 (108)   —   (108)  —   , Net foreign currency translation adjustments (476)   408   (477)  (260)  Net change in unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale debt securities:        , Unrealized gains (losses), net of tax of $(2), $(10), $(13) and $(73) 9    35   85   239   Reclassification adjustment for losses (gains) included in “Other income (expense), net,” net of tax of $0, $5, $0 and $7 (2)   (17)  (2)  (22)  , Net unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale debt securities 7    18   83   217   , Total other comprehensive income (loss) (469)   426   (394)  (43)  Comprehensive income $ 1,665   $ 6,757   $ 7,926   $ 14,066     , AMAZON.COM, INC. Segment Information (in millions) (unaudited)     Three Months Ended , September 30,  Nine Months Ended , September 30,   2019  2020  2019  2020               North America        , Net sales $ 42,638   $ 59,373    $ 117,104   $ 160,936  Operating expenses 41,356   57,121   111,971   155,232  Operating income $ 1,282   $ 2,252    $ 5,133   $ 5,704          International        , Net sales $ 18,348   $ 25,171    $ 50,910   $ 66,945  Operating expenses 18,734   24,764   51,986   66,590  Operating income (loss) $ (386)  $ 407    $ (1,076)  $ 355          AWS        , Net sales $ 8,995   $ 11,601    $ 25,072   $ 32,628  Operating expenses 6,734   8,066   18,467   22,661  Operating income $ 2,261   $ 3,535    $ 6,605   $ 9,967          Consolidated        , Net sales $ 69,981   $ 96,145    $ 193,086   $ 260,509  Operating expenses 66,824   89,951   182,424   244,483  Operating income 3,157   6,194   10,662   16,026  Total non-operating income (expense) (525)  615   (739)  387  Provision for income taxes (494)  (569)  (1,588)  (2,298) Equity-method investment activity, net of tax (4)  91   (15)  (6) Net income $ 2,134   $ 6,331    $ 8,320   $ 14,109          Segment Highlights:        , Y/Y net sales growth:        North America 24 %  39 %  20 %  37 % International 18   37   13   31  AWS 35   29   38   30  Consolidated 24   37   20   35  , Net sales mix:        North America 61 %  62 %  61 %  62 % International 26   26   26   26  AWS 13   12   13   12  Consolidated 100 %  100 %  100 %  100 %    , AMAZON.COM, INC. Consolidated Balance Sheets (in millions, except per share data)    December 31, 2019  September 30, 2020    (unaudited) , ASSETS    Current assets:    , Cash and cash equivalents $ 36,092   $ 29,930  Marketable securities 18,929   38,472  Inventories 20,497   23,735  Accounts receivable, net and other 20,816   20,832  , Total current assets 96,334   112,969  Property and equipment, net 72,705   99,981  Operating leases 25,141   34,119  Goodwill 14,754   14,960  Other assets 16,314   20,150  , Total assets $ 225,248   $ 282,179  LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY    , Current liabilities:    Accounts payable $ 47,183   $ 58,334  Accrued expenses and other 32,439   34,327  Unearned revenue 8,190   9,251  , Total current liabilities 87,812   101,912  Long-term lease liabilities 39,791   48,589  Long-term debt 23,414   32,929  Other long-term liabilities 12,171   15,974  Commitments and contingencies    Stockholders’ equity:    , Preferred stock, $0.01 par value:    Authorized shares — 500    Issued and outstanding shares — none —   —  , Common stock, $0.01 par value:    Authorized shares — 5,000    Issued shares — 521 and 525    Outstanding shares — 498 and 502 5   5  , Treasury stock, at cost (1,837)  (1,837) Additional paid-in capital 33,658   40,307  Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (986)  (1,029) Retained earnings 31,220   45,329  , Total stockholders’ equity 62,060   82,775  Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $ 225,248   $ 282,179    , AMAZON.COM, INC. Supplemental Financial Information and Business Metrics (in millions, except per share data) (unaudited)  Q2 2019 Q3 2019 Q4 2019 Q1 2020 Q2 2020 Q3 2020 Y/Y % Change , Cash Flows and Shares        Operating cash flow -- trailing twelve months (TTM) $ 36,029  $ 35,332   $ 38,514  $ 39,732  $ 51,220  $ 55,292  56  % Operating cash flow -- TTM Y/Y growth 65 % 33 % 25 % 16 % 42  % 56 % N/A Purchases of property and equipment, net of proceeds from sales and incentives -- TTM $ 11,011  $ 11,868   $ 12,689  $ 15,395  $ 19,368  $ 25,791  117  % Principal repayments of finance leases -- TTM (1) $ 8,693  $ 8,754   $ 9,628  $ 10,013  $ 10,504  $ 11,054  26  % Principal repayments of financing obligations -- TTM (1) $ 211  $ 129   $ 27  $ 43  $ 56  $ 68  (47) % Equipment acquired under finance leases -- TTM (1) (2) $ 11,656  $ 12,580   $ 12,916  $ 12,209  $ 11,952  $ 11,116  (12) % Principal repayments of all other finance leases -- TTM (1) (3) $ 176  $ 302   $ 392  $ 407  $ 415  $ 413  37  % Free cash flow -- TTM (4) $ 25,018  $ 23,464   $ 25,825  $ 24,337  $ 31,852  $ 29,501  26  % Free cash flow less principal repayments of finance leases and financing obligations -- TTM (1) (5) $ 16,114  $ 14,581   $ 16,170  $ 14,281  $ 21,292  $ 18,379  26  % Free cash flow less equipment finance leases and principal repayments of all other finance leases and financing obligations -- TTM (1) (6) $ 12,975  $ 10,453   $ 12,490  $ 11,678  $ 19,429  $ 17,904  71  % Common shares and stock-based awards outstanding 510  511  512  513  517   518  1  % Common shares outstanding 494  495  498  499  501   502  1  % Stock-based awards outstanding 16  16  14  14  16   16  —  % Stock-based awards outstanding -- % of common shares outstanding 3.3 % 3.2 % 2.9 % 2.8 % 3.2  % 3.3 % N/A Results of Operations        Worldwide (WW) net sales $ 63,404  $ 69,981   $ 87,437  $ 75,452  $ 88,912  $ 96,145  37  % WW net sales -- Y/Y growth, excluding F/X 21 % 25 % 21 % 27 % 41  % 36 % N/A WW net sales -- TTM $ 252,064  $ 265,469   $ 280,522  $ 296,274  $ 321,782  $ 347,946  31  % WW net sales -- TTM Y/Y growth, excluding F/X 23 % 22 % 22 % 23 % 28  % 31 % N/A Operating income $ 3,084  $ 3,157   $ 3,879  $ 3,989  $ 5,843  $ 6,194  96  % F/X impact -- favorable (unfavorable) $ 58  $ 22   $ 16  $ 63  $ 111  $ 133  N/A Operating income -- Y/Y growth (decline), excluding F/X 1 % (16)% 2 % (11)% 86  % 92 % N/A Operating margin -- % of WW net sales 4.9 % 4.5 % 4.4 % 5.3 % 6.6  % 6.4 % N/A Operating income -- TTM $ 15,014  $ 14,448   $ 14,541  $ 14,109  $ 16,868  $ 19,905  38  % Operating income -- TTM  Y/Y growth (decline), excluding F/X 99 % 32 % 16 % (6)% 11  % 36 % N/A Operating margin -- TTM % of WW net sales 6.0 % 5.4 % 5.2 % 4.8 % 5.2  % 5.7 % N/A Net income $ 2,625  $ 2,134   $ 3,268  $ 2,535  $ 5,243  $ 6,331  197  % Net income per diluted share $ 5.22  $ 4.23   $ 6.47  $ 5.01  $ 10.30  $ 12.37  192  % Net income -- TTM $ 12,096  $ 11,347   $ 11,588  $ 10,563  $ 13,180  $ 17,377  53  % Net income per diluted share -- TTM $ 24.08  $ 22.57   $ 23.01  $ 20.93  $ 26.04  $ 34.21  52  % ______________________________ (1) On January 1, 2019, we adopted accounting guidance amending the accounting for leases, which did not have a material impact on our 2019 operating results. Prior period amounts were not retrospectively adjusted. Under this new guidance, leases we previously referred to as “capital leases” are now referred to as “finance leases.” Leases we previously referred to as “finance leases” are now referred to as “financing obligations.”  (2) For the twelve months ended September 30, 2019 and 2020, this amount relates to equipment included in “Property and equipment acquired under finance leases” of $13,222 million and $13,075 million. (3) For the twelve months ended September 30, 2019 and 2020, this amount relates to property included in “Principal repayments of finance leases” of $8,754 million and $11,054 million. (4) Free cash flow is cash flow from operations reduced by “Purchases of property and equipment, net of proceeds from sales and incentives.” (5) Free cash flow less principal repayments of finance leases and financing obligations is free cash flow reduced by “Principal repayments of finance leases” and “Principal repayments of financing obligations.” (6) Free cash flow less equipment finance leases and principal repayments of all other finance leases and financing obligations is free cash flow reduced by equipment acquired under finance leases, which is included in “Property and equipment acquired under finance leases,” principal repayments of all other finance lease liabilities, which is included in “Principal repayments of finance leases,” and “Principal repayments of financing obligations.”        , AMAZON.COM, INC. Supplemental Financial Information and Business Metrics (in millions) (unaudited)  Q2 2019 Q3 2019 Q4 2019 Q1 2020 Q2 2020 Q3 2020 Y/Y % Change , Segments        North America Segment:          Net sales $ 38,653  $ 42,638  $ 53,670   $ 46,127  $ 55,436   $ 59,373  39  %   Net sales -- Y/Y growth, excluding F/X 20  % 24 % 22 % 29 % 44  % 39 % N/A   Net sales -- TTM $ 152,938  $ 161,228  $ 170,773   $ 181,088  $ 197,871   $ 214,606  33  %   Operating income $ 1,564  $ 1,282  $ 1,900   $ 1,312  $ 2,141   $ 2,252  76  %   F/X impact -- favorable (unfavorable) $ 7  $ 6  $ (3)  $ 5  $ (4)  $ —  N/A   Operating income -- Y/Y growth (decline), excluding F/X (15) % (37)% (16)% (43)% 37  % 76 % N/A   Operating margin -- % of North America net sales 4.0  % 3.0 % 3.5 % 2.8 % 3.9  % 3.8 % N/A   Operating income -- TTM $ 8,134  $ 7,384  $ 7,033   $ 6,057  $ 6,634   $ 7,604  3  %   Operating margin -- TTM % of North America net sales 5.3  % 4.6 % 4.1 % 3.4 % 3.4  % 3.5 % N/A , International Segment:          Net sales $ 16,370  $ 18,348  $ 23,813   $ 19,106  $ 22,668   $ 25,171  37  %   Net sales -- Y/Y growth, excluding F/X 17  % 21 % 15 % 20 % 41  % 33 % N/A   Net sales -- TTM $ 68,941  $ 71,740  $ 74,723   $ 77,637  $ 83,935   $ 90,758  27  %   Operating income (loss) $ (601) $ (386) $ (617)  $ (398) $ 345   $ 407  N/A   F/X impact -- favorable (unfavorable) $ (36) $ (34) $ (7)  $ (5) $ 32   $ 152  N/A   Operating income/loss -- Y/Y growth (decline), excluding F/X 15  % (8)% (5)% 338 % N/A N/A N/A   Operating margin -- % of International net sales (3.7) % (2.1)% (2.6)% (2.1)% 1.5  % 1.6 % N/A   Operating income (loss) -- TTM $ (1,718) $ (1,718) $ (1,693)  $ (2,001) $ (1,055)  $ (262) (85) %   Operating margin -- TTM % of International net sales (2.5) % (2.4)% (2.3)% (2.6)% (1.3) % (0.3)% N/A , AWS Segment:          Net sales $ 8,381  $ 8,995  $ 9,954   $ 10,219  $ 10,808   $ 11,601  29  %   Net sales -- Y/Y growth, excluding F/X 37  % 35 % 34 % 33 % 29  % 29 % N/A   Net sales -- TTM $ 30,185  $ 32,501  $ 35,026   $ 37,549  $ 39,976   $ 42,582  31  %   Operating income $ 2,121  $ 2,261  $ 2,596   $ 3,075  $ 3,357   $ 3,535  56  %   F/X impact -- favorable (unfavorable) $ 87  $ 50  $ 26   $ 63  $ 83   $ (20) N/A   Operating income -- Y/Y growth, excluding F/X 24  % 6 % 18 % 36 % 54  % 57 % N/A   Operating margin -- % of AWS net sales 25.3  % 25.1 % 26.1 % 30.1 % 31.1  % 30.5 % N/A   Operating income -- TTM $ 8,598  $ 8,782  $ 9,201   $ 10,053  $ 11,289   $ 12,563  43  %   Operating margin -- TTM % of AWS net sales 28.5  % 27.0 % 26.3 % 26.8 % 28.2  % 29.5 % N/A     , AMAZON.COM, INC. Supplemental Financial Information and Business Metrics (in millions, except employee data) (unaudited)  Q2 2019 Q3 2019 Q4 2019 Q1 2020 Q2 2020 Q3 2020 Y/Y % Change , Net Sales        Online stores (1) $ 31,053  $ 35,039  $ 45,657  $ 36,652  $ 45,896  $ 48,350  38 % , Online stores -- Y/Y growth, excluding F/X 16 % 22 % 15 % 25 % 49 % 37  % N/A Physical stores (2) $ 4,330  $ 4,192  $ 4,363  $ 4,640  $ 3,774  $ 3,788  (10)% , Physical stores -- Y/Y growth, excluding F/X 1 % (1)% (1)% 8 % (13)% (10) % N/A Third-party seller services (3) $ 11,962  $ 13,212  $ 17,446  $ 14,479  $ 18,195  $ 20,436  55 % , Third-party seller services -- Y/Y growth, excluding F/X 25 % 28 % 31 % 31 % 53 % 53  % N/A Subscription services (4) $ 4,676  $ 4,957  $ 5,235  $ 5,556  $ 6,018  $ 6,572  33 % , Subscription services  -- Y/Y growth, excluding F/X 39 % 35 % 32 % 29 % 30 % 32  % N/A AWS $ 8,381  $ 8,995  $ 9,954  $ 10,219  $ 10,808  $ 11,601  29 % , AWS -- Y/Y growth, excluding F/X 37 % 35 % 34 % 33 % 29 % 29  % N/A Other (5) $ 3,002  $ 3,586  $ 4,782  $ 3,906  $ 4,221  $ 5,398  51 % , Other -- Y/Y growth, excluding F/X 37 % 45 % 41 % 44 % 41 % 49  % N/A         Stock-based Compensation Expense        Cost of sales $ 43  $ 39  $ 43  $ 41  $ 76  $ 75  90 % Fulfillment $ 360  $ 301  $ 286  $ 260  $ 417  $ 316  5 % Technology and content $ 1,077  $ 966  $ 1,007  $ 961  $ 1,421  $ 1,267  31 % Marketing $ 307  $ 298  $ 322  $ 332  $ 456  $ 446  50 % General and administrative $ 184  $ 175  $ 182  $ 163  $ 231  $ 184  5 % , Total stock-based compensation expense $ 1,971  $ 1,779  $ 1,840  $ 1,757  $ 2,601  $ 2,288  29 % Other        WW shipping costs $ 8,134  $ 9,608  $ 12,884  $ 10,936  $ 13,652  $ 15,063  57 % WW shipping costs -- Y/Y growth 36 % 46 % 43 % 49 % 68 % 57  % N/A WW paid units -- Y/Y growth (6) 18 % 22 % 22 % 32 % 57 % 46  % N/A WW seller unit mix -- % of WW paid units (6) 54 % 53 % 53 % 52 % 53 % 54  % N/A Employees (full-time and part-time; excludes contractors & temporary personnel) 653,300  750,000  798,000  840,400  876,800  1,125,300   50 % Employees (full-time and part-time; excludes contractors & temporary personnel) -- Y/Y growth 13 % 22 % 23 % 33 % 34 % 50  % N/A ________________________ (1) Includes product sales and digital media content where we record revenue gross. We leverage our retail infrastructure to offer a wide selection of consumable and durable goods that includes media products available in both a physical and digital format, such as books, music, videos, games, and software. These product sales include digital products sold on a transactional basis. Digital product subscriptions that provide unlimited viewing or usage rights are included in “Subscription services.”  (2) Includes product sales where our customers physically select items in a store. Sales from customers who order goods online for delivery or pickup at our physical stores are included in “Online stores.”  (3) Includes commissions and any related fulfillment and shipping fees, and other third-party seller services.  (4) Includes annual and monthly fees associated with Amazon Prime memberships, as well as audiobook, digital video, digital music, e-book, and other non-AWS subscription services.  (5) Primarily includes sales of advertising services, as well as sales related to our other service offerings.  (6) Excludes the impact of Whole Foods Market.   , Amazon.com, Inc. Certain Definitions , Customer Accounts • References to customers mean customer accounts established when a customer places an order through one of our stores. Customer accounts exclude certain customers, including customers associated with certain of our acquisitions, Amazon Payments customers, AWS customers, and the customers of select companies with whom we have a technology alliance or marketing and promotional relationship. Customers are considered active when they have placed an order during the preceding twelve-month period. , Seller Accounts • References to sellers means seller accounts, which are established when a seller receives an order from a customer account. Sellers are considered active when they have received an order from a customer during the preceding twelve-month period.  AWS Customers  • References to AWS customers mean unique AWS customer accounts, which are unique customer account IDs that are eligible to use AWS services. This includes AWS accounts in the AWS free tier. Multiple users accessing AWS services via one account ID are counted as a single account. Customers are considered active when they have had AWS usage activity during the preceding one-month period. , Units • References to units mean physical and digital units sold (net of returns and cancellations) by us and sellers in our stores as well as Amazon-owned items sold in other stores. Units sold are paid units and do not include units associated with AWS, certain acquisitions, certain subscriptions, rental businesses, or advertising businesses, or Amazon gift cards.  , Contacts:    Amazon Investor Relations   Amazon Public Relations Dave Fildes, amazon-ir@amazon.com   Dan Perlet, amazon-pr@amazon.com amazon.com/ir   amazon.com/pr]"]},"metadata":{"tags":[]},"execution_count":40}]},{"cell_type":"code","metadata":{"id":"W89BNWwLDDS8","colab":{"base_uri":"https://localhost:8080/"},"executionInfo":{"status":"ok","timestamp":1618813129966,"user_tz":-330,"elapsed":6710,"user":{"displayName":"SATYAM SONI","photoUrl":"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/a-/AOh14GhG4rcPYa7hnDqGvLTYPIBiXe9m-k4IPTmu9dWD=s64","userId":"06127152709350492896"}},"outputId":"eb09ef61-d885-482a-eba3-e7796981d946"},"source":["cdqa_pipeline = QAPipeline(reader='./models/bert_qa.joblib', max_df=1.0)\n","\n","cdqa_pipeline.fit_retriever(df=df)"],"execution_count":null,"outputs":[{"output_type":"stream","text":["100%|██████████| 231508/231508 [00:00<00:00, 314959.75B/s]\n"],"name":"stderr"},{"output_type":"execute_result","data":{"text/plain":["QAPipeline(reader=BertQA(adam_epsilon=1e-08, bert_model='bert-base-uncased',\n","                         do_lower_case=True, fp16=False,\n","                         gradient_accumulation_steps=1, learning_rate=5e-05,\n","                         local_rank=-1, loss_scale=0, max_answer_length=30,\n","                         n_best_size=20, no_cuda=False,\n","                         null_score_diff_threshold=0.0, num_train_epochs=3.0,\n","                         output_dir=None, predict_batch_size=8, seed=42,\n","                         server_ip='', server_po..._size=8,\n","                         verbose_logging=False, version_2_with_negative=False,\n","                         warmup_proportion=0.1, warmup_steps=0),\n","           retrieve_by_doc=False,\n","           retriever=BM25Retriever(b=0.75, floor=None, k1=2.0, lowercase=True,\n","                                   max_df=1.0, min_df=2, ngram_range=(1, 2),\n","                                   preprocessor=None, stop_words='english',\n","                                   token_pattern='(?u)\\\\b\\\\w\\\\w+\\\\b',\n","                                   tokenizer=None, top_n=20, verbose=False,\n","                                   vocabulary=None))"]},"metadata":{"tags":[]},"execution_count":41}]},{"cell_type":"code","metadata":{"id":"uXSwsVh0DI4R","colab":{"base_uri":"https://localhost:8080/"},"executionInfo":{"status":"ok","timestamp":1618813138237,"user_tz":-330,"elapsed":4867,"user":{"displayName":"SATYAM SONI","photoUrl":"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/a-/AOh14GhG4rcPYa7hnDqGvLTYPIBiXe9m-k4IPTmu9dWD=s64","userId":"06127152709350492896"}},"outputId":"63faa4fd-9f45-4240-feae-1aa12c1395b8"},"source":["import joblib\n","joblib.dump(cdqa_pipeline, './models/bert_qa_custom.joblib')"],"execution_count":null,"outputs":[{"output_type":"execute_result","data":{"text/plain":["['./models/bert_qa_custom.joblib']"]},"metadata":{"tags":[]},"execution_count":42}]},{"cell_type":"code","metadata":{"id":"FrJE5CxxDMq3","colab":{"base_uri":"https://localhost:8080/"},"executionInfo":{"status":"ok","timestamp":1618813142724,"user_tz":-330,"elapsed":2949,"user":{"displayName":"SATYAM SONI","photoUrl":"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/a-/AOh14GhG4rcPYa7hnDqGvLTYPIBiXe9m-k4IPTmu9dWD=s64","userId":"06127152709350492896"}},"outputId":"0f4c5d69-9a1b-4f8f-acc0-481a8e872d2a"},"source":["cdqa_pipeline=joblib.load('./models/bert_qa_custom.joblib')\n","cdqa_pipeline"],"execution_count":null,"outputs":[{"output_type":"execute_result","data":{"text/plain":["QAPipeline(reader=BertQA(adam_epsilon=1e-08, bert_model='bert-base-uncased',\n","                         do_lower_case=True, fp16=False,\n","                         gradient_accumulation_steps=1, learning_rate=5e-05,\n","                         local_rank=-1, loss_scale=0, max_answer_length=30,\n","                         n_best_size=20, no_cuda=False,\n","                         null_score_diff_threshold=0.0, num_train_epochs=3.0,\n","                         output_dir=None, predict_batch_size=8, seed=42,\n","                         server_ip='', server_po..._size=8,\n","                         verbose_logging=False, version_2_with_negative=False,\n","                         warmup_proportion=0.1, warmup_steps=0),\n","           retrieve_by_doc=False,\n","           retriever=BM25Retriever(b=0.75, floor=None, k1=2.0, lowercase=True,\n","                                   max_df=1.0, min_df=2, ngram_range=(1, 2),\n","                                   preprocessor=None, stop_words='english',\n","                                   token_pattern='(?u)\\\\b\\\\w\\\\w+\\\\b',\n","                                   tokenizer=None, top_n=20, verbose=False,\n","                                   vocabulary=None))"]},"metadata":{"tags":[]},"execution_count":43}]},{"cell_type":"code","metadata":{"id":"sYkgi52gDVGA"},"source":["query = 'How much is increase in operating cash flow?'\n","prediction = cdqa_pipeline.predict(query, 3)"],"execution_count":null,"outputs":[]},{"cell_type":"code","metadata":{"id":"gMzl1lp5DaNs","colab":{"base_uri":"https://localhost:8080/"},"executionInfo":{"status":"ok","timestamp":1618813176131,"user_tz":-330,"elapsed":26733,"user":{"displayName":"SATYAM SONI","photoUrl":"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/a-/AOh14GhG4rcPYa7hnDqGvLTYPIBiXe9m-k4IPTmu9dWD=s64","userId":"06127152709350492896"}},"outputId":"fafaf9eb-5a6f-462e-9b70-a0e67ff652f0"},"source":["prediction"],"execution_count":null,"outputs":[{"output_type":"execute_result","data":{"text/plain":["[('16 %',\n","  'AMZN-Q1-2020-Earnings-Release',\n","  'Cash Flows and Shares        Operating cash flow -- trailing twelve months (TTM) $ 30,723 $ 34,360 $ 36,029 $ 35,332 $ 38,514 $ 39,732 16 %Operating cash flow -- TTM Y/Y growth 67% 89 % 65% 33 % 25 % 16 % N/A ',\n","  16.822194115458565),\n"," ('25 %',\n","  'Amazon-Q4-2019-Earnings-Release',\n","  'Cash Flows and Shares        Operating cash flow -- trailing twelve months (TTM) $ 26,604 $ 30,723 $ 34,360 $ 36,029 $ 35,332 $ 38,514 25 %Operating cash flow -- TTM Y/Y growth 57% 67 % 89% 65% 33 % 25% N/A ',\n","  16.39158212549146),\n"," ('33 %',\n","  'Q3-2019-Amazon-Financial-Results',\n","  'Cash Flows and Shares        Operating cash flow -- trailing twelve months (TTM) $ 21,793 $ 26,604 $ 30,723 $ 34,360 $ 36,029 $ 35,332 33 %Operating cash flow -- TTM Y/Y growth 22% 57 % 67% 89% 65 % 33 % N/A ',\n","  16.184274739093144)]"]},"metadata":{"tags":[]},"execution_count":45}]},{"cell_type":"code","metadata":{"id":"ueXr03OKDkzd"},"source":["query = 'What is latest earnings per share?'\n","prediction = cdqa_pipeline.predict(query)"],"execution_count":null,"outputs":[]},{"cell_type":"code","metadata":{"id":"TAdXHM8hERs1","colab":{"base_uri":"https://localhost:8080/"},"executionInfo":{"status":"ok","timestamp":1618813209058,"user_tz":-330,"elapsed":25682,"user":{"displayName":"SATYAM SONI","photoUrl":"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/a-/AOh14GhG4rcPYa7hnDqGvLTYPIBiXe9m-k4IPTmu9dWD=s64","userId":"06127152709350492896"}},"outputId":"09940b6e-1196-4c6b-b62b-46de12025261"},"source":["prediction"],"execution_count":null,"outputs":[{"output_type":"execute_result","data":{"text/plain":["('$ 7.09 $ 5.01',\n"," 'AMZN-Q1-2020-Earnings-Release',\n"," 'Diluted earnings per share $ 7.09  $ 5.01 ',\n"," 13.915508470458818)"]},"metadata":{"tags":[]},"execution_count":47}]},{"cell_type":"code","metadata":{"id":"i_0my_XODwQt"},"source":["query = 'How many jobs are created in 2020?'\n","prediction = cdqa_pipeline.predict(query)"],"execution_count":null,"outputs":[]},{"cell_type":"code","metadata":{"id":"ujEJrKGUEjt3","colab":{"base_uri":"https://localhost:8080/"},"executionInfo":{"status":"ok","timestamp":1618813244279,"user_tz":-330,"elapsed":23687,"user":{"displayName":"SATYAM SONI","photoUrl":"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/a-/AOh14GhG4rcPYa7hnDqGvLTYPIBiXe9m-k4IPTmu9dWD=s64","userId":"06127152709350492896"}},"outputId":"6c5cd088-676f-4cd0-f230-0a6ebcc6bcc9"},"source":["print('query: {}'.format(query))\n","print('answer: {}'.format(prediction[0]))\n","print('title: {}'.format(prediction[1]))\n","print('paragraph: {}'.format(prediction[2]))"],"execution_count":null,"outputs":[{"output_type":"stream","text":["query: How many jobs are created in 2020?\n","answer: 1.1 million\n","title: Q2-2020-Amazon-Earnings-Release\n","paragraph: Empowering Small and Medium-Sized Businesses• Amazon released its 2020 Small and Medium-Sized Business (SMB) Impact Report, highlighting how SMBs selling in its U.S. store have sold more than 3.4 billion products in the past year and created an estimated 1.1 million jobs.• In partnership with the British small business support network “Enterprise Nation,” Amazon launched the Amazon Small Business Accelerator, which aims to support more than 200,000 small businesses across the U.K. negatively impacted by the COVID-19 crisis. Amazon hosted a week-long boot camp in the U.K. to help 1,000 offline businesses get online, and offered free services, AWS credits, training, and support.• In the U.K., Amazon worked with the British Chambers of Commerce to give up to 1,000 businesses tours of Amazon fulfillment centers, helping other companies learn from the safety measures Amazon has put in place within its own operations so the businesses can re-open safely and kick-start the economy.• Amazon in Japan launched Global Selling to allow Japanese sellers to reach new customers across 16 Amazon sites worldwide. • Amazon in India announced plans to help digitally enable micro, small, and medium businesses across the country as part of a $1 billion investment pledge. Amazon launched Local Shops on Amazon.in, offering shopkeepers and retailers with physical stores the ability to register to serve more customers from their local areas. Since launch, more than 11,000 sellers have enrolled in the program. In addition, Amazon introduced seller registration and account management services in Hindi to help businesses overcome language barriers. Since launch, more than 10,000 sellers have used Hindi to register on Amazon.in. \n"],"name":"stdout"}]},{"cell_type":"code","metadata":{"id":"CzdQXUdyEkrq"},"source":["query = 'General Availability of which AWS services were announced?'\n","prediction = cdqa_pipeline.predict(query, n_predictions=5)"],"execution_count":null,"outputs":[]},{"cell_type":"code","metadata":{"id":"cS3Z9b89ErMe","colab":{"base_uri":"https://localhost:8080/"},"executionInfo":{"status":"ok","timestamp":1618813366866,"user_tz":-330,"elapsed":118389,"user":{"displayName":"SATYAM SONI","photoUrl":"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/a-/AOh14GhG4rcPYa7hnDqGvLTYPIBiXe9m-k4IPTmu9dWD=s64","userId":"06127152709350492896"}},"outputId":"fa59d518-deb9-4d02-cc54-5b9ab5d2b785"},"source":["prediction"],"execution_count":null,"outputs":[{"output_type":"execute_result","data":{"text/plain":["[('Amazon Detective',\n","  'AMZN-Q1-2020-Earnings-Release',\n","  'Amazon Web Services •  AWS announced the opening of the AWS Europe (Milan) and AWS Africa (Cape Town) Regions. AWS now spans 76 Availability Zones within 24 geographic regions, with announced plans for nine more Availability Zones and three more AWS Regions in Indonesia, Japan, and Spain.                                                        •  AWS announced the general availability of Amazon Detective, a security service that makes it easy for customers to conduct faster and more efficient investigations into security issues across their AWS workloads. Amazon Detective automatically collects log data from a customer’s resources and uses machine learning, statistical analysis, and graph theory to build interactive visualizations that help customers analyze, investigate, and quickly identify the root cause of potential security issues or suspicious activities.  •  AWS announced the general availability of Amazon Keyspaces (for Apache Cassandra), a scalable, highly available, and fully managed database service for Cassandra workloads. Amazon Keyspaces supports the same application code, ',\n","  19.731955094673452),\n"," ('Amazon Forecast',\n","  'Q3-2019-Amazon-Financial-Results',\n","  'Fudan University, adopted AWS to accelerate digital transformation in order to reduce infrastructure costs and help the hospital improve its medical teaching and research. •  AWS announced the general availability of Amazon Forecast, a fully managed service that uses machine learning to deliver highly accurate forecasts based on the same technology used by Amazon. Amazon Forecast builds precise forecasts for virtually any business condition — including product demand and sales, infrastructure requirements, energy needs, and staffing levels — with predictions that are up to 50% more accurate than traditional methods. ',\n","  17.490624597515723),\n"," ('AWS Lake Formation',\n","  'Q3-2019-Amazon-Financial-Results',\n","  'Amazon Forecast is easy to use and does not require machine learning experience.  •  AWS announced the general availability of AWS Lake Formation, a fully managed service that makes it easier for customers to build, secure, and manage data lakes. AWS Lake Formation simplifies and automates many of the complex manual steps usually required to create a data lake, including collecting, cleaning, and cataloging data and securely making that data available for analytics. Customers can then analyze this data using their choice of AWS analytics and machine learning services, including Amazon Redshift, Amazon Athena, and AWS Glue, with Amazon ',\n","  16.71524074953669),\n"," ('Amazon Quantum Ledger Database (QLDB)',\n","  'Q3-2019-Amazon-Financial-Results',\n","  \"EMR, Amazon QuickSight, and Amazon SageMaker following in the next few months.  •  AWS announced the general availability of Amazon Quantum Ledger Database (QLDB), a fully managed service that provides a high-performance, immutable, and cryptographically verifiable ledger for applications that need a central, trusted authority to provide a permanent and complete record of transactions across industries like retail, finance, manufacturing, insurance, and human resources.  •  AWS announced the general availability of G4 instances, a new graphics processing unit (GPU)-powered Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) instance designed to help accelerate machine learning inference and graphics-intensive workloads, both of which are computationally demanding tasks that benefit from additional GPU acceleration. G4 instances provide the industry’s most cost-effective machine learning inference for applications, as well as a cost-effective service for building and running graphics-intensive applications, such as remote graphics workstations, video transcoding, photo-realistic design, and game streaming in the cloud.  •  AWS announced the general availability of AWS IQ, a new service that helps customers quickly find, engage, and hire AWS-Certified third-party experts for on-demand project work. AWS IQ offers the tools and workspace for more secure collaboration, streamlined project tracking, and integrated billing. Customers simply log into AWS IQ, describe their AWS-specific project needs in a few sentences to get started, chat with experts to clarify details of the project, compare proposals, review expert profiles, and select the expert that best fits their needs. •  AWS announced the opening of the AWS Middle East (Bahrain) Region. Developers, startups, and enterprises, as well as government, education, and non-profit organizations, can now run their applications and serve end-users from data centers located in the Middle East, as well as leverage advanced technologies from the world's leading cloud, to drive innovation. AWS now spans 69 Availability Zones within 22 geographic regions around the world, and has announced plans for ten more Availability Zones and three more AWS Regions in Indonesia, Italy, and South Africa. •  AWS announced a 44% reduction in storage prices for Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) Infrequent Access (IA) storage class, one of the largest percentage price reductions in AWS history. Amazon EFS is a low-cost, simple to use, fully managed, and cloud-native NFS file system for Linux-based workloads that can be used with AWS services and on-premises resources. Amazon EFS IA is a storage class for Amazon EFS that is designed for files accessed less frequently, enabling customers to reduce storage costs compared to the Amazon EFS Standard storage class. AWS has reduced prices six times thus far in 2019, and this marks the 75th price reduction since its inception. •  AWS announced collaborations in the U.S. between AWS Educate and statewide educational systems in Virginia, Texas, and Louisiana, in addition to a regional collaboration in the San Francisco Bay Area to prepare the next generation for the cloud workforce. AWS also announced its first international AWS Educate Cloud Degree    collaborations in the U.K. and Bahrain. AWS Educate’s Cloud Degree initiative aims to provide full cloud degree offerings, cloud specializations, and STEM pathways for K-12, community colleges, and universities; opening up opportunities for students in high-demand cloud computing and data science fields. AWS Educate members include hundreds of thousands of students, over 10,000 educators, and over 2,400 academic institutions in over 200 countries and territories.  \",\n","  15.101068567155192),\n"," ('AWS Snowcone',\n","  'Q2-2020-Amazon-Earnings-Release',\n","  'Amazon Web Services• Customers are using AWS to lessen the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on families, communities, and businesses. Examples include:• With the support of AWS hosting services, the World Health Organization (WHO) launched an app to support health workers around the world in caring for patients with COVID-19, as well as to protect themselves as they do this critical work. • Zoom, a provider of enterprise video communications, has long utilized AWS to host a significant portion of its network. In addition to offering a robust free service, since March Zoom has also offered free access to over 100,000 schools to enable them to educate students remotely. Zoom and AWS have worked together to help businesses, schools, and healthcare institutions maintain mission and business continuity as they stay safe at home. • Propel, a company focused on building software to help low-income Americans improve their financial health, developed Fresh Electronic Benefit Transfer (EBT), an app built on AWS that has helped more than three million individuals per month manage their benefits under the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), save with coupons, and find jobs.• UNC Health built a chatbot on AWS to help address increased call volumes to its COVID-19 help line, answering questions from patients seeking guidance on COVID-19 testing and what to do if they or their loved ones were exposed to the virus.  • Orange County United Way built a highly-secure mobile and web-enabled app on AWS called AssistOC that allows individuals to submit requests for financial assistance to the nonprofit’s Homelessness Prevention Program, launched in response to the current pandemic, via a smartphone or personal computer.• AWS announced several significant new customer commitments and migrations during the quarter. Examples include: • HSBC, one of the world’s largest financial services organizations, selected AWS as a key, long-term strategic cloud provider to drive their digital transformation and deliver new and personalized banking services for millions of personal banking customers worldwide.• Global market intelligence company IHS Markit selected AWS as its preferred cloud provider to help improve scalability and agility to respond to industry changes and develop new products and services.• Formula 1 is using a range of AWS services, including machine learning, for six new F1 Insights powered by AWS that will roll out during the 2020 racing season to give fans the ability to compare their favorite drivers and cars and better predict race outcomes.• Bundesliga is using AWS machine learning and analytics to enhance the fan experience for Germany’s top football league, delivering new advanced statistics through Bundesliga Match Facts powered by AWS, including Average Positions and xGoals.• Capella Space, a provider of on-demand Earth observation data via satellite-based radar, is all-in on AWS, running its entire infrastructure on AWS using a full portfolio of cloud services including AWS Ground Station to deliver satellite data to customers in minutes. • Genesys has selected AWS as the preferred cloud provider for Genesys Cloud, an all-in-one solution and leading public cloud contact center platform used by organizations around the world to manage and improve customer relationships across any channel, including voice, text, web chat, and social. • AWS announced Amazon Honeycode, a fully-managed service that allows customers to quickly build powerful mobile and web applications – with no programming required. With Amazon Honeycode, customers can create applications using the simplicity and familiarity of a spreadsheet, but with the data management capability of a database, the collaboration and notifications common in business applications, and a truly seamless web and mobile user experience to perform important business functions like managing field agents, performing PO approvals, scheduling weekly events, reporting employee or team activities, tracking task progress, following customer activity, surveying end users, managing content, inventorying resources, and more.• AWS announced the general availability of AWS Snowcone, a small, ultra-portable, rugged, and secure edge computing and data transfer device that can fit in a small backpack. At under five pounds, AWS Snowcone is the smallest member of the AWS Snow Family of devices, enabling customers to collect data, process it locally, and move it to AWS. AWS Snowcone is built to withstand harsh conditions, and is designed for a variety of use cases in environments outside of the traditional data center that lack consistent network connectivity and/or require portability.• AWS announced the general availability of AWS IoT SiteWise, a managed service that collects data from the plant floor, structures and labels the data, and generates real-time key performance indicators (KPIs) and metrics to help industrial customers make better, data-driven decisions. Customers can use SiteWise to monitor operations across facilities, quickly compute industrial performance metrics, create applications that analyze industrial equipment data to prevent costly equipment issues, and reduce gaps in production.• AWS announced the general availability of the sixth generation of Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) with three Arm-based instances (M6g, C6g, R6g) powered by AWS-designed, Arm-based Graviton2 processors, that deliver up to 40% better price and performance than current x86 processor-based instances. • AWS announced the general availability of Amazon CodeGuru, a developer-quality service powered by machine learning that provides intelligent recommendations for improving code quality and identifying an application’s most expensive lines of code.• AWS announced the general availability of UltraWarm for Amazon Elasticsearch Service, a highly performant, fully-managed, low-cost warm storage tier that provides fast, interactive analytics of log data at one-tenth the cost of existing storage options. UltraWarm for Amazon Elasticsearch Service gives Elasticsearch customers a warm storage tier that both stores large amounts of data cost-effectively and provides the type of interactive experience that Elasticsearch customers expect.• AWS announced the general availability of Amazon Kendra, a highly accurate and easy to use enterprise search service powered by machine learning. Amazon Kendra enables organizations to index all of their internal data sources across siloes, makes that data searchable, and allows users to get precise answers to natural language queries instead of trial-and-error keyword search – all with no machine learning expertise required.• AWS and Slack announced a multi-year agreement to deliver solutions for enhanced enterprise workforce collaboration. Slack will migrate its Slack Calls capability for all voice and video calling to Amazon Chime, AWS’s communications service that lets users meet, chat, and place business calls. Slack is also leveraging AWS’s global infrastructure to support enterprise customers’ rapid adoption of its platform and to offer them data residency – the ability to choose which country or region their data is stored at rest in while fulfilling compliance requirements. • AWS announced a new, global team dedicated to accelerating innovation in the global aerospace and satellite industry. The Aerospace and Satellite Solutions team will bring AWS services and solutions to the space enterprise, and work with customers and partners around the world to: reimagine space system architectures; transform space enterprises; launch new services that process space data on Earth and in orbit; and provide secure, flexible, scalable, and cost-efficient cloud solutions to support government missions and companies advancing space around the world.• AWS announced Amazon Interactive Video Service (Amazon IVS), a managed service customers may use to set up live, interactive video streams for web or mobile applications in just a few minutes. Amazon IVS uses the same technology that powers Twitch and allows customers to configure live streams that can be delivered to millions of concurrent viewers globally with interactive features like virtual chat spaces, votes and polls, moderated question and answer sessions, and synchronized promotional elements.',\n","  14.69252659867115)]"]},"metadata":{"tags":[]},"execution_count":51}]},{"cell_type":"code","metadata":{"id":"6ioB81MBFAKD"},"source":["query = 'What is the impact of COVID on business?'\n","prediction = cdqa_pipeline.predict(query, n_predictions=5)"],"execution_count":null,"outputs":[]},{"cell_type":"code","metadata":{"id":"D2zQ5MQ1FEia","colab":{"base_uri":"https://localhost:8080/"},"executionInfo":{"status":"ok","timestamp":1618813396099,"user_tz":-330,"elapsed":146627,"user":{"displayName":"SATYAM SONI","photoUrl":"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/a-/AOh14GhG4rcPYa7hnDqGvLTYPIBiXe9m-k4IPTmu9dWD=s64","userId":"06127152709350492896"}},"outputId":"15891fb5-c7d7-4bf3-fd9e-8eb4fa3ece05"},"source":["prediction"],"execution_count":null,"outputs":[{"output_type":"execute_result","data":{"text/plain":["[('negatively impacted by the COVID-19 crisis',\n","  'Q2-2020-Amazon-Earnings-Release',\n","  'Empowering Small and Medium-Sized Businesses• Amazon released its 2020 Small and Medium-Sized Business (SMB) Impact Report, highlighting how SMBs selling in its U.S. store have sold more than 3.4 billion products in the past year and created an estimated 1.1 million jobs.• In partnership with the British small business support network “Enterprise Nation,” Amazon launched the Amazon Small Business Accelerator, which aims to support more than 200,000 small businesses across the U.K. negatively impacted by the COVID-19 crisis. Amazon hosted a week-long boot camp in the U.K. to help 1,000 offline businesses get online, and offered free services, AWS credits, training, and support.• In the U.K., Amazon worked with the British Chambers of Commerce to give up to 1,000 businesses tours of Amazon fulfillment centers, helping other companies learn from the safety measures Amazon has put in place within its own operations so the businesses can re-open safely and kick-start the economy.• Amazon in Japan launched Global Selling to allow Japanese sellers to reach new customers across 16 Amazon sites worldwide. • Amazon in India announced plans to help digitally enable micro, small, and medium businesses across the country as part of a $1 billion investment pledge. Amazon launched Local Shops on Amazon.in, offering shopkeepers and retailers with physical stores the ability to register to serve more customers from their local areas. Since launch, more than 11,000 sellers have enrolled in the program. In addition, Amazon introduced seller registration and account management services in Hindi to help businesses overcome language barriers. Since launch, more than 10,000 sellers have used Hindi to register on Amazon.in. ',\n","  5.994344867232075),\n"," ('lessen the impact that COVID-19 has on families, communities, and businesses',\n","  'AMZN-Q1-2020-Earnings-Release',\n","  'Amazon Small Business Academy to help entrepreneurs learn how to build their businesses online. •  AWS is helping healthcare workers, medical researchers, scientists, and public health officials working to understand and fight COVID-19 by providing a centralized repository of curated, up-to-date, pre-processed, and publicly-readable datasets focused on the spread and characteristics of the virus. The AWS COVID-19 data lake, which includes data sets from Johns Hopkins University, Definitive Healthcare, Carnegie Mellon’s Delphi Research Group, and other sources, is available for anyone researching, tracking, deploying vital resources, or developing other helpful solutions and applications to combat COVID-19.   •  AWS is supporting the White House’s COVID-19 High Performance Computing Consortium, providing computing resources to advance research on diagnosis, treatment, and vaccines. •  Customers are using AWS to lessen the impact that COVID-19 has on families, communities, and businesses. Examples include: •  The New York City COVID-19 Rapid Response Coalition is using a conversational agent, which is running on AWS, to enable at-risk, elderly New Yorkers to receive accurate, timely information about medical needs.  •  The Los Angeles Unified School District is using AWS to power a new call center that is fielding IT questions, providing remote support, and enabling staff to answer calls around remote learning for 700,000 students.  •  Volunteer Surge, a nonprofit consortium, is running its online training platform on AWS to recruit, train, and deploy one million volunteer health workers. •  The World Health Organization is using AWS to build large-scale data lakes, aggregate epidemiological country data, rapidly translate medical training videos into different languages, and help global healthcare workers better treat patients. •  Cerner, a global healthcare technology company, is compiling de-identified patient data to help COVID-19 researchers and is leveraging AWS to secure and store critical information. The data is available free of charge and will support research, vaccine development, and new treatment options, allowing organizations to share information and accelerate understanding of the virus.  •  In England, the National Health Service is using AWS to analyze hospital occupancy levels, emergency room capacity, and patient wait times in order to help decide where best to allocate resources. •  AWS is helping Kentucky and West Virginia authorities address the surge in call volumes to unemployment call centers by transitioning from legacy technology that often required agents to work in the states’ offices to ',\n","  5.076032065563091),\n"," ('no additional business acquisitions, investments, restructurings, or legal settlements are concluded.',\n","  'Q2-2020-Amazon-Earnings-Release',\n","  'Third Quarter 2020 Guidance• Net sales are expected to be between $87.0 billion and $93.0 billion, or to grow between 24% and 33% compared with third quarter 2019. This guidance anticipates an unfavorable impact of approximately 20 basis points from foreign exchange rates. • Operating income is expected to be between $2.0 billion and $5.0 billion, compared with $3.2 billion in third quarter 2019. This guidance assumes more than $2.0 billion of costs related to COVID-19. • This guidance assumes, among other things, that no additional business acquisitions, investments, restructurings, or legal settlements are concluded.',\n","  4.453576472488432),\n"," ('no additional business acquisitions, investments, restructurings, or legal settlements are concluded.',\n","  'AMZN-Q1-2020-Earnings-Release',\n","  'Second Quarter 2020 Guidance •  Net sales are expected to be between $75.0 billion and $81.0 billion, or to grow between 18% and 28% compared with second quarter 2019. This guidance anticipates an unfavorable impact of approximately 70 basis points from foreign exchange rates. •  Operating income (loss) is expected to be between $(1.5) billion and $1.5 billion, compared with $3.1 billion in second quarter 2019. This guidance assumes approximately $4.0 billion of costs related to COVID-19. •  This guidance assumes, among other things, that no additional business acquisitions, investments, restructurings, or legal settlements are concluded.  ',\n","  3.921747278976018),\n"," ('no additional business acquisitions, investments, restructurings, or legal settlements are concluded.',\n","  'Q3-2019-Amazon-Financial-Results',\n","  'Fourth Quarter 2019 Guidance •  Net sales are expected to be between $80.0 billion and $86.5 billion, or to grow between 11% and 20% compared with fourth quarter 2018. This guidance anticipates an unfavorable impact of approximately 80 basis points from foreign exchange rates. •  Operating income is expected to be between $1.2 billion and $2.9 billion, compared with $3.8 billion in fourth quarter 2018. •  This guidance assumes, among other things, that no additional business acquisitions, investments, restructurings, or legal settlements are concluded.  ',\n","  2.489639659610778)]"]},"metadata":{"tags":[]},"execution_count":53}]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{"id":"cTrCRZZ0JDnz"},"source":["**==============================================================================================================**"]},{"cell_type":"code","metadata":{"id":"wbDSRxfVFiJo"},"source":[""],"execution_count":null,"outputs":[]}]}