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a11y: Print script module live regions HTML in page HTML #65380

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merged 8 commits into from
Sep 17, 2024

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@sirreal sirreal commented Sep 16, 2024

What?

Fix potential issues where @wordpress/a11y script module speak may not be detected and announced by accessibility software, in particular when dynamically loading the module.

Why?

While working on #65123, I noticed that the live regions would not be announced on their first update but would on subsequent updates.

This is caused because accessibility software needs to detect the live regions in order to announce them. The @wordpress/a11y script module was adding the live regions correctly when the module was loaded, but when loaded on demand (import( '@wordpress/a11y' ).then( { speak } ) => speak( 'announce me.' )) the update would happen before the live region was detected and the announcements were missed.

The wp-a11y script includes code to prevent it from duplicated the DOM elements that are added on page load so this should not present any conflicts with the a11y script's setup.

How?

Update the a11y script module so that it does not register the live regions but expects them to be present on the page.

A function is added to add the HTML for the live regions when the @wordpress/a11y script module may be present (is enqueued or is in the import map).

This reverts some of the changes from #65101 to pass the localized string through the script module. Now the localized string is simply printed on the page.

Testing Instructions

This can be tested easily with #65123. Screen readers should read (localized) "Page Loaded." the first (and every subsequent time) that the interactivity router navigates.

Screenshots or screencast

demo.mov

(The extra "polite" aria-live region in the screen capture is from the Interactivity API).

@sirreal sirreal added [Focus] Accessibility (a11y) Changes that impact accessibility and need corresponding review (e.g. markup changes). [Package] A11y /packages/a11y [Type] Experimental Experimental feature or API. [Feature] Script Modules API Related to the Script Modules API that adds support for native ES modules and import maps labels Sep 16, 2024
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github-actions bot commented Sep 16, 2024

Size Change: -411 B (-0.02%)

Total Size: 1.77 MB

Filename Size Change
build-module/a11y/index.min.js 482 B -416 B (-46.33%) 🎉
build-module/interactivity/debug.min.js 16.6 kB +2 B (+0.01%)
build/a11y/index.min.js 952 B +3 B (+0.32%)
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@sirreal sirreal force-pushed the update/a11ymodule-print-necessary-html branch from 8888f39 to 7496f88 Compare September 16, 2024 18:09
@sirreal sirreal marked this pull request as ready for review September 16, 2024 18:10
@sirreal sirreal requested a review from gziolo September 16, 2024 18:10
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@sirreal sirreal changed the title a11y: Print script module HTML in initial page a11y: Print script module live regions HTML in page HTML Sep 16, 2024
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afercia commented Sep 17, 2024

Thank you for working on this and for the ping.

The @wordpress/a11y script module was adding the live regions correctly when the module was loaded, but when loaded on demand ... the update would happen before the live region was detected

I can confirm the live regions need to be in the DOM on page load. For history, in the very first version of wp.speak in https://core.trac.wordpress.org/ticket/31368 the live regions were printed out via PHP for this reason. We then switched to JavaScript, which is fine as long as the live regions are rendered in the DOM on page load as soon as possible.

Can CSS be moved to inline style, for example? I guess, it was all put in JS to make it a standalone package. Overall, @afercia might be the best person to advice here how to make it usable as ES module.

@gziolo I'm afraid I don't know much about ES modules. Is your question related to the CSS part? It can be certainly moved to an inline style. Also, instead of repeating the style for all the 3 elements that need to be visually hidden, maybe the styling could be applied to a container element?

Worth reminding this CSS is basically the screen-reader-text CSS rule used in WordPress core. For consistency, it's good to use exactly the same set of CSS declarations even though the clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); part is there only to support old browsers. Actually, clip-path: inset(50%); works in all modern browsers.

A quick note;
I see in the screenshot of this PR that testing is made with VoiceOver and the browser in use seems to be Chrome? If so, I suggest that when testing with VoiceOver to always use it in combination with Safari instead.

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sirreal commented Sep 17, 2024

instead of repeating the style for all the 3 elements that need to be visually hidden, maybe the styling could be applied to a container element?

That seems fine technically and would make this less verbose. I'll apply that suggestion 👍

Worth reminding this CSS is basically the screen-reader-text CSS rule used in WordPress core. For consistency, it's good to use exactly the same set of CSS declarations even though the clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); part is there only to support old browsers. Actually, clip-path: inset(50%); works in all modern browsers.

Nice, I'll see about switching to clip-path: inset(50%);. Looking at caniuse data, I think that support is sufficient to switch to that without the -webket prefix in the JavaScript version.. There's an opportunity there to reduce the size of the wp-a11y script as well that may be significant.

I see in the screenshot of this PR that testing is made with VoiceOver and the browser in use seems to be Chrome? If so, I suggest that when testing with VoiceOver to always use it in combination with Safari instead.

That's correct, thanks for the suggestion, I'll use Safari in the future.

@sirreal sirreal force-pushed the update/a11ymodule-print-necessary-html branch from 7496f88 to 6e5f9b4 Compare September 17, 2024 10:26
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sirreal commented Sep 17, 2024

I've applied the suggestions and:

  • The generated HTML is simpler and cleaner.
  • There are no regressions in my testing.
  • The original issue this PR was addressing seems to be fixed.

This is ready for another round of review, testing, and/or feedback.

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gziolo commented Sep 17, 2024

Excellent, I processed the proposal with a fresh perspective and responses from @afercia and @sirreal. I think it's a perfect trade-off for the use case. It diverges further from how @wordpress/a11y works in the admin. However we should be flexible with the script modules and as long as they integrate correctly with WordPress core, it looks good to me. I will give it a round of testing next.

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It tests well for me 💯

The code for script module is only active in the Gutenberg for now so we can proceed with confidence.

@sirreal sirreal merged commit 05660fe into trunk Sep 17, 2024
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@sirreal sirreal deleted the update/a11ymodule-print-necessary-html branch September 17, 2024 13:33
@github-actions github-actions bot added this to the Gutenberg 19.3 milestone Sep 17, 2024
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sirreal commented Sep 17, 2024

I created #65409 as a follow-up to remove some redundant styling mentioned in #65380 (comment) from the wp-a11y script.

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[Feature] Script Modules API Related to the Script Modules API that adds support for native ES modules and import maps [Focus] Accessibility (a11y) Changes that impact accessibility and need corresponding review (e.g. markup changes). [Package] A11y /packages/a11y [Type] Experimental Experimental feature or API.
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3 participants