diff --git a/core/dbt/context/base.py b/core/dbt/context/base.py
index c9112037676..25373787e86 100644
--- a/core/dbt/context/base.py
+++ b/core/dbt/context/base.py
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import json
 import os
-from typing import Any, Dict, NoReturn, Optional, Mapping, Iterable, Set, List
+from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, NoReturn, Optional, Mapping, Iterable, Set, List
 import threading
 
 from dbt.flags import get_flags
@@ -86,33 +88,29 @@ def get_context_modules() -> Dict[str, Dict[str, Any]]:
 
 
 class ContextMember:
-    def __init__(self, value, name=None):
+    def __init__(self, value: Any, name: Optional[str] = None) -> None:
         self.name = name
         self.inner = value
 
-    def key(self, default):
+    def key(self, default: str) -> str:
         if self.name is None:
             return default
         return self.name
 
 
-def contextmember(value):
-    if isinstance(value, str):
-        return lambda v: ContextMember(v, name=value)
-    return ContextMember(value)
+def contextmember(value: Optional[str] = None) -> Callable:
+    return lambda v: ContextMember(v, name=value)
 
 
-def contextproperty(value):
-    if isinstance(value, str):
-        return lambda v: ContextMember(property(v), name=value)
-    return ContextMember(property(value))
+def contextproperty(value: Optional[str] = None) -> Callable:
+    return lambda v: ContextMember(property(v), name=value)
 
 
 class ContextMeta(type):
-    def __new__(mcls, name, bases, dct):
-        context_members = {}
-        context_attrs = {}
-        new_dct = {}
+    def __new__(mcls, name, bases, dct: Dict[str, Any]) -> ContextMeta:
+        context_members: Dict[str, Any] = {}
+        context_attrs: Dict[str, Any] = {}
+        new_dct: Dict[str, Any] = {}
 
         for base in bases:
             context_members.update(getattr(base, "_context_members_", {}))
@@ -148,27 +146,28 @@ def _generate_merged(self) -> Mapping[str, Any]:
         return self._cli_vars
 
     @property
-    def node_name(self):
+    def node_name(self) -> str:
         if self._node is not None:
             return self._node.name
         else:
             return "<Configuration>"
 
-    def get_missing_var(self, var_name):
-        raise RequiredVarNotFoundError(var_name, self._merged, self._node)
+    def get_missing_var(self, var_name: str) -> NoReturn:
+        # TODO function name implies a non exception resolution
+        raise RequiredVarNotFoundError(var_name, dict(self._merged), self._node)
 
-    def has_var(self, var_name: str):
+    def has_var(self, var_name: str) -> bool:
         return var_name in self._merged
 
-    def get_rendered_var(self, var_name):
+    def get_rendered_var(self, var_name: str) -> Any:
         raw = self._merged[var_name]
         # if bool/int/float/etc are passed in, don't compile anything
         if not isinstance(raw, str):
             return raw
 
-        return get_rendered(raw, self._context)
+        return get_rendered(raw, dict(self._context))
 
-    def __call__(self, var_name, default=_VAR_NOTSET):
+    def __call__(self, var_name: str, default: Any = _VAR_NOTSET) -> Any:
         if self.has_var(var_name):
             return self.get_rendered_var(var_name)
         elif default is not self._VAR_NOTSET:
@@ -178,13 +177,17 @@ def __call__(self, var_name, default=_VAR_NOTSET):
 
 
 class BaseContext(metaclass=ContextMeta):
+    # Set by ContextMeta
+    _context_members_: Dict[str, Any]
+    _context_attrs_: Dict[str, Any]
+
     # subclass is TargetContext
-    def __init__(self, cli_vars):
-        self._ctx = {}
-        self.cli_vars = cli_vars
-        self.env_vars = {}
+    def __init__(self, cli_vars: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+        self._ctx: Dict[str, Any] = {}
+        self.cli_vars: Dict[str, Any] = cli_vars
+        self.env_vars: Dict[str, Any] = {}
 
-    def generate_builtins(self):
+    def generate_builtins(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
         builtins: Dict[str, Any] = {}
         for key, value in self._context_members_.items():
             if hasattr(value, "__get__"):
@@ -194,14 +197,14 @@ def generate_builtins(self):
         return builtins
 
     # no dbtClassMixin so this is not an actual override
-    def to_dict(self):
+    def to_dict(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
         self._ctx["context"] = self._ctx
         builtins = self.generate_builtins()
         self._ctx["builtins"] = builtins
         self._ctx.update(builtins)
         return self._ctx
 
-    @contextproperty
+    @contextproperty()
     def dbt_version(self) -> str:
         """The `dbt_version` variable returns the installed version of dbt that
         is currently running. It can be used for debugging or auditing
@@ -221,7 +224,7 @@ def dbt_version(self) -> str:
         """
         return dbt_version
 
-    @contextproperty
+    @contextproperty()
     def var(self) -> Var:
         """Variables can be passed from your `dbt_project.yml` file into models
         during compilation. These variables are useful for configuring packages
@@ -290,7 +293,7 @@ def var(self) -> Var:
         """
         return Var(self._ctx, self.cli_vars)
 
-    @contextmember
+    @contextmember()
     def env_var(self, var: str, default: Optional[str] = None) -> str:
         """The env_var() function. Return the environment variable named 'var'.
         If there is no such environment variable set, return the default.
@@ -318,7 +321,7 @@ def env_var(self, var: str, default: Optional[str] = None) -> str:
 
     if os.environ.get("DBT_MACRO_DEBUGGING"):
 
-        @contextmember
+        @contextmember()
         @staticmethod
         def debug():
             """Enter a debugger at this line in the compiled jinja code."""
@@ -357,7 +360,7 @@ def _return(data: Any) -> NoReturn:
         """
         raise MacroReturn(data)
 
-    @contextmember
+    @contextmember()
     @staticmethod
     def fromjson(string: str, default: Any = None) -> Any:
         """The `fromjson` context method can be used to deserialize a json
@@ -378,7 +381,7 @@ def fromjson(string: str, default: Any = None) -> Any:
         except ValueError:
             return default
 
-    @contextmember
+    @contextmember()
     @staticmethod
     def tojson(value: Any, default: Any = None, sort_keys: bool = False) -> Any:
         """The `tojson` context method can be used to serialize a Python
@@ -401,7 +404,7 @@ def tojson(value: Any, default: Any = None, sort_keys: bool = False) -> Any:
         except ValueError:
             return default
 
-    @contextmember
+    @contextmember()
     @staticmethod
     def fromyaml(value: str, default: Any = None) -> Any:
         """The fromyaml context method can be used to deserialize a yaml string
@@ -432,7 +435,7 @@ def fromyaml(value: str, default: Any = None) -> Any:
 
     # safe_dump defaults to sort_keys=True, but we act like json.dumps (the
     # opposite)
-    @contextmember
+    @contextmember()
     @staticmethod
     def toyaml(
         value: Any, default: Optional[str] = None, sort_keys: bool = False
@@ -477,7 +480,7 @@ def _set(value: Iterable[Any], default: Any = None) -> Optional[Set[Any]]:
         except TypeError:
             return default
 
-    @contextmember
+    @contextmember()
     @staticmethod
     def set_strict(value: Iterable[Any]) -> Set[Any]:
         """The `set_strict` context method can be used to convert any iterable
@@ -519,7 +522,7 @@ def _zip(*args: Iterable[Any], default: Any = None) -> Optional[Iterable[Any]]:
         except TypeError:
             return default
 
-    @contextmember
+    @contextmember()
     @staticmethod
     def zip_strict(*args: Iterable[Any]) -> Iterable[Any]:
         """The `zip_strict` context method can be used to used to return
@@ -541,7 +544,7 @@ def zip_strict(*args: Iterable[Any]) -> Iterable[Any]:
         except TypeError as e:
             raise ZipStrictWrongTypeError(e)
 
-    @contextmember
+    @contextmember()
     @staticmethod
     def log(msg: str, info: bool = False) -> str:
         """Logs a line to either the log file or stdout.
@@ -562,7 +565,7 @@ def log(msg: str, info: bool = False) -> str:
             fire_event(JinjaLogDebug(msg=msg, node_info=get_node_info()))
         return ""
 
-    @contextproperty
+    @contextproperty()
     def run_started_at(self) -> Optional[datetime.datetime]:
         """`run_started_at` outputs the timestamp that this run started, e.g.
         `2017-04-21 01:23:45.678`. The `run_started_at` variable is a Python
@@ -590,19 +593,19 @@ def run_started_at(self) -> Optional[datetime.datetime]:
         else:
             return None
 
-    @contextproperty
+    @contextproperty()
     def invocation_id(self) -> Optional[str]:
         """invocation_id outputs a UUID generated for this dbt run (useful for
         auditing)
         """
         return get_invocation_id()
 
-    @contextproperty
+    @contextproperty()
     def thread_id(self) -> str:
         """thread_id outputs an ID for the current thread (useful for auditing)"""
         return threading.current_thread().name
 
-    @contextproperty
+    @contextproperty()
     def modules(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
         """The `modules` variable in the Jinja context contains useful Python
         modules for operating on data.
@@ -627,7 +630,7 @@ def modules(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
         """  # noqa
         return get_context_modules()
 
-    @contextproperty
+    @contextproperty()
     def flags(self) -> Any:
         """The `flags` variable contains true/false values for flags provided
         on the command line.
@@ -644,7 +647,7 @@ def flags(self) -> Any:
         """
         return flags_module.get_flag_obj()
 
-    @contextmember
+    @contextmember()
     @staticmethod
     def print(msg: str) -> str:
         """Prints a line to stdout.
@@ -662,7 +665,7 @@ def print(msg: str) -> str:
             print(msg)
         return ""
 
-    @contextmember
+    @contextmember()
     @staticmethod
     def diff_of_two_dicts(
         dict_a: Dict[str, List[str]], dict_b: Dict[str, List[str]]
@@ -691,7 +694,7 @@ def diff_of_two_dicts(
                 dict_diff.update({k: dict_a[k]})
         return dict_diff
 
-    @contextmember
+    @contextmember()
     @staticmethod
     def local_md5(value: str) -> str:
         """Calculates an MD5 hash of the given string.
diff --git a/core/dbt/context/configured.py b/core/dbt/context/configured.py
index bb292a19565..08f5bee1143 100644
--- a/core/dbt/context/configured.py
+++ b/core/dbt/context/configured.py
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ def __init__(self, config: AdapterRequiredConfig) -> None:
         super().__init__(config.to_target_dict(), config.cli_vars)
         self.config = config
 
-    @contextproperty
+    @contextproperty()
     def project_name(self) -> str:
         return self.config.project_name
 
@@ -80,11 +80,11 @@ def __init__(self, config, project_name: str, schema_yaml_vars: Optional[SchemaY
         self._project_name = project_name
         self.schema_yaml_vars = schema_yaml_vars
 
-    @contextproperty
+    @contextproperty()
     def var(self) -> ConfiguredVar:
         return ConfiguredVar(self._ctx, self.config, self._project_name)
 
-    @contextmember
+    @contextmember()
     def env_var(self, var: str, default: Optional[str] = None) -> str:
         return_value = None
         if var.startswith(SECRET_ENV_PREFIX):
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ class MacroResolvingContext(ConfiguredContext):
     def __init__(self, config):
         super().__init__(config)
 
-    @contextproperty
+    @contextproperty()
     def var(self) -> ConfiguredVar:
         return ConfiguredVar(self._ctx, self.config, self.config.project_name)
 
diff --git a/core/dbt/context/docs.py b/core/dbt/context/docs.py
index 3d5abf42e11..94f64709fc7 100644
--- a/core/dbt/context/docs.py
+++ b/core/dbt/context/docs.py
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ def __init__(
         self.node = node
         self.manifest = manifest
 
-    @contextmember
+    @contextmember()
     def doc(self, *args: str) -> str:
         """The `doc` function is used to reference docs blocks in schema.yml
         files. It is analogous to the `ref` function. For more information,
diff --git a/core/dbt/context/manifest.py b/core/dbt/context/manifest.py
index c6a39993d92..f2492612cc8 100644
--- a/core/dbt/context/manifest.py
+++ b/core/dbt/context/manifest.py
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ def to_dict(self):
             dct.update(self.namespace)
         return dct
 
-    @contextproperty
+    @contextproperty()
     def context_macro_stack(self):
         return self.macro_stack
 
diff --git a/core/dbt/context/providers.py b/core/dbt/context/providers.py
index 6b981091682..ffc1f6d07b4 100644
--- a/core/dbt/context/providers.py
+++ b/core/dbt/context/providers.py
@@ -754,19 +754,19 @@ def _get_namespace_builder(self):
             self.model,
         )
 
-    @contextproperty
+    @contextproperty()
     def dbt_metadata_envs(self) -> Dict[str, str]:
         return get_metadata_vars()
 
-    @contextproperty
+    @contextproperty()
     def invocation_args_dict(self):
         return args_to_dict(self.config.args)
 
-    @contextproperty
+    @contextproperty()
     def _sql_results(self) -> Dict[str, Optional[AttrDict]]:
         return self.sql_results
 
-    @contextmember
+    @contextmember()
     def load_result(self, name: str) -> Optional[AttrDict]:
         if name in self.sql_results:
             # handle the special case of "main" macro
@@ -787,7 +787,7 @@ def load_result(self, name: str) -> Optional[AttrDict]:
             # Handle trying to load a result that was never stored
             return None
 
-    @contextmember
+    @contextmember()
     def store_result(
         self, name: str, response: Any, agate_table: Optional[agate.Table] = None
     ) -> str:
@@ -803,7 +803,7 @@ def store_result(
         )
         return ""
 
-    @contextmember
+    @contextmember()
     def store_raw_result(
         self,
         name: str,
@@ -815,7 +815,7 @@ def store_raw_result(
         response = AdapterResponse(_message=message, code=code, rows_affected=rows_affected)
         return self.store_result(name, response, agate_table)
 
-    @contextproperty
+    @contextproperty()
     def validation(self):
         def validate_any(*args) -> Callable[[T], None]:
             def inner(value: T) -> None:
@@ -836,7 +836,7 @@ def inner(value: T) -> None:
             }
         )
 
-    @contextmember
+    @contextmember()
     def write(self, payload: str) -> str:
         # macros/source defs aren't 'writeable'.
         if isinstance(self.model, (Macro, SourceDefinition)):
@@ -845,11 +845,11 @@ def write(self, payload: str) -> str:
         self.model.write_node(self.config.project_root, self.model.build_path, payload)
         return ""
 
-    @contextmember
+    @contextmember()
     def render(self, string: str) -> str:
         return get_rendered(string, self._ctx, self.model)
 
-    @contextmember
+    @contextmember()
     def try_or_compiler_error(
         self, message_if_exception: str, func: Callable, *args, **kwargs
     ) -> Any:
@@ -858,7 +858,7 @@ def try_or_compiler_error(
         except Exception:
             raise CompilationError(message_if_exception, self.model)
 
-    @contextmember
+    @contextmember()
     def load_agate_table(self) -> agate.Table:
         if not isinstance(self.model, SeedNode):
             raise LoadAgateTableNotSeedError(self.model.resource_type, node=self.model)
@@ -873,7 +873,7 @@ def load_agate_table(self) -> agate.Table:
         table.original_abspath = os.path.abspath(path)
         return table
 
-    @contextproperty
+    @contextproperty()
     def ref(self) -> Callable:
         """The most important function in dbt is `ref()`; it's impossible to
         build even moderately complex models without it. `ref()` is how you
@@ -914,11 +914,11 @@ def ref(self) -> Callable:
         """
         return self.provider.ref(self.db_wrapper, self.model, self.config, self.manifest)
 
-    @contextproperty
+    @contextproperty()
     def source(self) -> Callable:
         return self.provider.source(self.db_wrapper, self.model, self.config, self.manifest)
 
-    @contextproperty
+    @contextproperty()
     def metric(self) -> Callable:
         return self.provider.metric(self.db_wrapper, self.model, self.config, self.manifest)
 
@@ -979,7 +979,7 @@ def ctx_config(self) -> Config:
         """  # noqa
         return self.provider.Config(self.model, self.context_config)
 
-    @contextproperty
+    @contextproperty()
     def execute(self) -> bool:
         """`execute` is a Jinja variable that returns True when dbt is in
         "execute" mode.
@@ -1040,7 +1040,7 @@ def execute(self) -> bool:
         """  # noqa
         return self.provider.execute
 
-    @contextproperty
+    @contextproperty()
     def exceptions(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
         """The exceptions namespace can be used to raise warnings and errors in
         dbt userspace.
@@ -1078,15 +1078,15 @@ def exceptions(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
         """  # noqa
         return wrapped_exports(self.model)
 
-    @contextproperty
+    @contextproperty()
     def database(self) -> str:
         return self.config.credentials.database
 
-    @contextproperty
+    @contextproperty()
     def schema(self) -> str:
         return self.config.credentials.schema
 
-    @contextproperty
+    @contextproperty()
     def var(self) -> ModelConfiguredVar:
         return self.provider.Var(
             context=self._ctx,
@@ -1103,22 +1103,22 @@ def ctx_adapter(self) -> BaseDatabaseWrapper:
         """
         return self.db_wrapper
 
-    @contextproperty
+    @contextproperty()
     def api(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
         return {
             "Relation": self.db_wrapper.Relation,
             "Column": self.adapter.Column,
         }
 
-    @contextproperty
+    @contextproperty()
     def column(self) -> Type[Column]:
         return self.adapter.Column
 
-    @contextproperty
+    @contextproperty()
     def env(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
         return self.target
 
-    @contextproperty
+    @contextproperty()
     def graph(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
         """The `graph` context variable contains information about the nodes in
         your dbt project. Models, sources, tests, and snapshots are all
@@ -1234,23 +1234,23 @@ def ctx_model(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
             ret["compiled_sql"] = ret["compiled_code"]
         return ret
 
-    @contextproperty
+    @contextproperty()
     def pre_hooks(self) -> Optional[List[Dict[str, Any]]]:
         return None
 
-    @contextproperty
+    @contextproperty()
     def post_hooks(self) -> Optional[List[Dict[str, Any]]]:
         return None
 
-    @contextproperty
+    @contextproperty()
     def sql(self) -> Optional[str]:
         return None
 
-    @contextproperty
+    @contextproperty()
     def sql_now(self) -> str:
         return self.adapter.date_function()
 
-    @contextmember
+    @contextmember()
     def adapter_macro(self, name: str, *args, **kwargs):
         """This was deprecated in v0.18 in favor of adapter.dispatch"""
         msg = (
@@ -1262,7 +1262,7 @@ def adapter_macro(self, name: str, *args, **kwargs):
         )
         raise CompilationError(msg)
 
-    @contextmember
+    @contextmember()
     def env_var(self, var: str, default: Optional[str] = None) -> str:
         """The env_var() function. Return the environment variable named 'var'.
         If there is no such environment variable set, return the default.
@@ -1306,7 +1306,7 @@ def env_var(self, var: str, default: Optional[str] = None) -> str:
         else:
             raise EnvVarMissingError(var)
 
-    @contextproperty
+    @contextproperty()
     def selected_resources(self) -> List[str]:
         """The `selected_resources` variable contains a list of the resources
         selected based on the parameters provided to the dbt command.
@@ -1315,7 +1315,7 @@ def selected_resources(self) -> List[str]:
         """
         return selected_resources.SELECTED_RESOURCES
 
-    @contextmember
+    @contextmember()
     def submit_python_job(self, parsed_model: Dict, compiled_code: str) -> AdapterResponse:
         # Check macro_stack and that the unique id is for a materialization macro
         if not (
@@ -1358,7 +1358,7 @@ def __init__(
 class ModelContext(ProviderContext):
     model: ManifestNode
 
-    @contextproperty
+    @contextproperty()
     def pre_hooks(self) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
         if self.model.resource_type in [NodeType.Source, NodeType.Test]:
             return []
@@ -1367,7 +1367,7 @@ def pre_hooks(self) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
             h.to_dict(omit_none=True) for h in self.model.config.pre_hook  # type: ignore[union-attr] # noqa
         ]
 
-    @contextproperty
+    @contextproperty()
     def post_hooks(self) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
         if self.model.resource_type in [NodeType.Source, NodeType.Test]:
             return []
@@ -1376,7 +1376,7 @@ def post_hooks(self) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
             h.to_dict(omit_none=True) for h in self.model.config.post_hook  # type: ignore[union-attr] # noqa
         ]
 
-    @contextproperty
+    @contextproperty()
     def sql(self) -> Optional[str]:
         # only doing this in sql model for backward compatible
         if self.model.language == ModelLanguage.sql:  # type: ignore[union-attr]
@@ -1393,7 +1393,7 @@ def sql(self) -> Optional[str]:
         else:
             return None
 
-    @contextproperty
+    @contextproperty()
     def compiled_code(self) -> Optional[str]:
         if getattr(self.model, "defer_relation", None):
             # TODO https://github.com/dbt-labs/dbt-core/issues/7976
@@ -1404,15 +1404,15 @@ def compiled_code(self) -> Optional[str]:
         else:
             return None
 
-    @contextproperty
+    @contextproperty()
     def database(self) -> str:
         return getattr(self.model, "database", self.config.credentials.database)
 
-    @contextproperty
+    @contextproperty()
     def schema(self) -> str:
         return getattr(self.model, "schema", self.config.credentials.schema)
 
-    @contextproperty
+    @contextproperty()
     def this(self) -> Optional[RelationProxy]:
         """`this` makes available schema information about the currently
         executing model. It's is useful in any context in which you need to
@@ -1447,7 +1447,7 @@ def this(self) -> Optional[RelationProxy]:
             return None
         return self.db_wrapper.Relation.create_from(self.config, self.model)
 
-    @contextproperty
+    @contextproperty()
     def defer_relation(self) -> Optional[RelationProxy]:
         """
         For commands which add information about this node's corresponding
@@ -1661,7 +1661,7 @@ def _build_test_namespace(self):
         )
         self.namespace = macro_namespace
 
-    @contextmember
+    @contextmember()
     def env_var(self, var: str, default: Optional[str] = None) -> str:
         return_value = None
         if var.startswith(SECRET_ENV_PREFIX):
diff --git a/core/dbt/context/secret.py b/core/dbt/context/secret.py
index 4d8ff342aff..2c75546c42a 100644
--- a/core/dbt/context/secret.py
+++ b/core/dbt/context/secret.py
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ class SecretContext(BaseContext):
     """This context is used in profiles.yml + packages.yml. It can render secret
     env vars that aren't usable elsewhere"""
 
-    @contextmember
+    @contextmember()
     def env_var(self, var: str, default: Optional[str] = None) -> str:
         """The env_var() function. Return the environment variable named 'var'.
         If there is no such environment variable set, return the default.
diff --git a/core/dbt/context/target.py b/core/dbt/context/target.py
index a6d587269d5..39c5a30ee4e 100644
--- a/core/dbt/context/target.py
+++ b/core/dbt/context/target.py
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ def __init__(self, target_dict: Dict[str, Any], cli_vars: Dict[str, Any]):
         super().__init__(cli_vars=cli_vars)
         self.target_dict = target_dict
 
-    @contextproperty
+    @contextproperty()
     def target(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
         """`target` contains information about your connection to the warehouse
         (specified in profiles.yml). Some configs are shared between all