ProcessStartInfoTests.cs

// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Collections.Specialized;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Security;
using System.Security.AccessControl;
using System.Security.Principal;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
using Microsoft.DotNet.RemoteExecutor;
using Microsoft.DotNet.XUnitExtensions;
using Microsoft.Win32;
using Xunit;

namespace System.Diagnostics.Tests
{
    public partial class ProcessStartInfoTests : ProcessTestBase
    {
        private const string ItemSeparator = "CAFF9451396B4EEF8A5155A15BDC2080"; // random string that shouldn't be in any env vars; used instead of newline to separate env var strings

        private static bool IsAdmin_IsNotNano_RemoteExecutorIsSupported
            => PlatformDetection.IsWindows && PlatformDetection.IsNotWindowsNanoServer
            && PlatformDetection.IsPrivilegedProcess && RemoteExecutor.IsSupported;

        [Fact]
        public void TestEnvironmentProperty()
        {
            // Whole list of environment variables can no longer be accessed on non-OSX apple platforms
            if (!PlatformDetection.IsiOS && !PlatformDetection.IstvOS && !PlatformDetection.IsMacCatalyst)
            {
                Assert.NotEqual(0, new Process().StartInfo.Environment.Count);
            }

            ProcessStartInfo psi = new ProcessStartInfo();

            // Creating a detached ProcessStartInfo will pre-populate the environment
            // with current environmental variables.

            IDictionary<string, string> environment = psi.Environment;
            // Whole list of environment variables can no longer be accessed on non-OSX apple platforms
            if (!PlatformDetection.IsiOS && !PlatformDetection.IstvOS && !PlatformDetection.IsMacCatalyst)
            {
                Assert.NotEqual(0, environment.Count);
            }

            int countItems = environment.Count;

            environment.Add("NewKey", "NewValue");
            environment.Add("NewKey2", "NewValue2");

            Assert.Equal(countItems + 2, environment.Count);
            environment.Remove("NewKey");
            Assert.Equal(countItems + 1, environment.Count);

            environment.Add("NewKey2", "NewValue2Overridden");
            Assert.Equal("NewValue2Overridden", environment["NewKey2"]);

            //Clear
            environment.Clear();
            Assert.Equal(0, environment.Count);

            //ContainsKey
            environment.Add("NewKey", "NewValue");
            environment.Add("NewKey2", "NewValue2");
            Assert.True(environment.ContainsKey("NewKey"));

            Assert.Equal(OperatingSystem.IsWindows(), environment.ContainsKey("newkey"));
            Assert.False(environment.ContainsKey("NewKey99"));

            //Iterating
            string result = null;
            int index = 0;
            foreach (string e1 in environment.Values.OrderBy(p => p))
            {
                index++;
                result += e1;
            }
            Assert.Equal(2, index);
            Assert.Equal("NewValueNewValue2", result);

            result = null;
            index = 0;
            foreach (string e1 in environment.Keys.OrderBy(p => p))
            {
                index++;
                result += e1;
            }
            Assert.Equal("NewKeyNewKey2", result);
            Assert.Equal(2, index);

            result = null;
            index = 0;
            foreach (KeyValuePair<string, string> e1 in environment.OrderBy(p => p.Key))
            {
                index++;
                result += e1.Key;
            }
            Assert.Equal("NewKeyNewKey2", result);
            Assert.Equal(2, index);

            //Contains
            Assert.True(environment.Contains(new KeyValuePair<string, string>("NewKey", "NewValue")));
            Assert.Equal(OperatingSystem.IsWindows(), environment.Contains(new KeyValuePair<string, string>("nEwKeY", "NewValue")));
            Assert.False(environment.Contains(new KeyValuePair<string, string>("NewKey99", "NewValue99")));

            //Exception not thrown with invalid key
            Assert.Throws<ArgumentNullException>(() => environment.Contains(new KeyValuePair<string, string>(null, "NewValue99")));

            environment.Add(new KeyValuePair<string, string>("NewKey98", "NewValue98"));

            //Indexed
            string newIndexItem = environment["NewKey98"];
            Assert.Equal("NewValue98", newIndexItem);

            //TryGetValue
            string stringout = null;
            Assert.True(environment.TryGetValue("NewKey", out stringout));
            Assert.Equal("NewValue", stringout);

            if (OperatingSystem.IsWindows())
            {
                Assert.True(environment.TryGetValue("NeWkEy", out stringout));
                Assert.Equal("NewValue", stringout);
            }

            stringout = null;
            Assert.False(environment.TryGetValue("NewKey99", out stringout));
            Assert.Null(stringout);

            //Exception not thrown with invalid key
            Assert.Throws<ArgumentNullException>(() =>
            {
                string stringout1 = null;
                environment.TryGetValue(null, out stringout1);
            });

            //Exception not thrown with invalid key
            Assert.Throws<ArgumentNullException>(() => environment.Add(null, "NewValue2"));

            environment.Add("NewKey2", "NewValue2OverriddenAgain");
            Assert.Equal("NewValue2OverriddenAgain", environment["NewKey2"]);

            //Remove Item
            environment.Remove("NewKey98");
            environment.Remove("NewKey98");   //2nd occurrence should not assert

            //Exception not thrown with null key
            Assert.Throws<ArgumentNullException>(() => { environment.Remove(null); });

            //"Exception not thrown with null key"
            Assert.Throws<KeyNotFoundException>(() => environment["1bB"]);

            Assert.True(environment.Contains(new KeyValuePair<string, string>("NewKey2", "NewValue2OverriddenAgain")));
            Assert.Equal(OperatingSystem.IsWindows(), environment.Contains(new KeyValuePair<string, string>("NEWKeY2", "NewValue2OverriddenAgain")));

            Assert.False(environment.Contains(new KeyValuePair<string, string>("NewKey2", "newvalue2Overriddenagain")));
            Assert.False(environment.Contains(new KeyValuePair<string, string>("newkey2", "newvalue2Overriddenagain")));

            //Use KeyValuePair Enumerator
            string[] results = new string[2];
            var x = environment.GetEnumerator();
            x.MoveNext();
            results[0] = x.Current.Key + " " + x.Current.Value;
            x.MoveNext();
            results[1] = x.Current.Key + " " + x.Current.Value;

            Assert.Equal(new string[] { "NewKey NewValue", "NewKey2 NewValue2OverriddenAgain" }, results.OrderBy(s => s));

            //IsReadonly
            Assert.False(environment.IsReadOnly);

            environment.Add(new KeyValuePair<string, string>("NewKey3", "NewValue3"));
            environment.Add(new KeyValuePair<string, string>("NewKey4", "NewValue4"));


            //CopyTo - the order is undefined.
            KeyValuePair<string, string>[] kvpa = new KeyValuePair<string, string>[10];
            environment.CopyTo(kvpa, 0);

            KeyValuePair<string, string>[] kvpaOrdered = kvpa.OrderByDescending(k => k.Value).ToArray();
            Assert.Equal("NewKey4", kvpaOrdered[0].Key);
            Assert.Equal("NewKey2", kvpaOrdered[2].Key);

            environment.CopyTo(kvpa, 6);
            Assert.Equal(default(KeyValuePair<string, string>), kvpa[5]);
            Assert.StartsWith("NewKey", kvpa[6].Key);
            Assert.NotEqual(kvpa[6].Key, kvpa[7].Key);
            Assert.StartsWith("NewKey", kvpa[7].Key);
            Assert.NotEqual(kvpa[7].Key, kvpa[8].Key);
            Assert.StartsWith("NewKey", kvpa[8].Key);

            //Exception not thrown with null key
            Assert.Throws<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() => { environment.CopyTo(kvpa, -1); });

            //Exception not thrown with null key
            AssertExtensions.Throws<ArgumentException>(null, () => { environment.CopyTo(kvpa, 9); });

            //Exception not thrown with null key
            Assert.Throws<ArgumentNullException>(() =>
            {
                KeyValuePair<string, string>[] kvpanull = null;
                environment.CopyTo(kvpanull, 0);
            });
        }

        [ConditionalFact(typeof(RemoteExecutor), nameof(RemoteExecutor.IsSupported))]
        public void TestSetEnvironmentOnChildProcess()
        {
            const string name = "b5a715d3-d74f-465d-abb7-2abe844750c9";
            Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable(name, "parent-process-value");

            Process p = CreateProcess(() =>
            {
                if (Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable(name) != "child-process-value")
                    return 1;

                return RemoteExecutor.SuccessExitCode;
            });
            p.StartInfo.Environment.Add(name, "child-process-value");
            p.Start();

            Assert.True(p.WaitForExit(WaitInMS));
            Assert.Equal(RemoteExecutor.SuccessExitCode, p.ExitCode);
        }

        [ConditionalFact(typeof(RemoteExecutor), nameof(RemoteExecutor.IsSupported))]
        public void TestEnvironmentOfChildProcess()
        {
            const string ExtraEnvVar = "TestEnvironmentOfChildProcess_SpecialStuff";
            Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable(ExtraEnvVar, "\x1234" + Environment.NewLine + "\x5678"); // ensure some Unicode characters and newlines are in the output
            const string EmptyEnvVar = "TestEnvironmentOfChildProcess_Empty";
            Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable(EmptyEnvVar, "");
            try
            {
                // Schedule a process to see what env vars it gets.  Have it write out those variables
                // to its output stream so we can read them.
                Process p = CreateProcess(() =>
                {
                    Console.Write(string.Join(ItemSeparator, Environment.GetEnvironmentVariables().Cast<DictionaryEntry>().Select(e => Convert.ToBase64String(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(e.Key + "=" + e.Value)))));
                    return RemoteExecutor.SuccessExitCode;
                });
                p.StartInfo.StandardOutputEncoding = Encoding.UTF8;
                p.StartInfo.RedirectStandardOutput = true;
                p.Start();
                string output = p.StandardOutput.ReadToEnd();
                Assert.True(p.WaitForExit(WaitInMS));

                // Parse the env vars from the child process
                var actualEnv = new HashSet<string>(output.Split(new[] { ItemSeparator }, StringSplitOptions.None).Select(s => Encoding.UTF8.GetString(Convert.FromBase64String(s))));

                // Validate against StartInfo.Environment.
                var startInfoEnv = new HashSet<string>(p.StartInfo.Environment.Select(e => e.Key + "=" + e.Value));
                Assert.True(startInfoEnv.SetEquals(actualEnv),
                    string.Format("Expected: {0}{1}Actual: {2}",
                        string.Join(", ", startInfoEnv.Except(actualEnv)),
                        Environment.NewLine,
                        string.Join(", ", actualEnv.Except(startInfoEnv))));

                // Validate against current process. (Profilers / code coverage tools can add own environment variables
                // but we start child process without them. Thus the set of variables from the child process could
                // be a subset of variables from current process.)
                var envEnv = new HashSet<string>(Environment.GetEnvironmentVariables().Cast<DictionaryEntry>().Select(e => e.Key + "=" + e.Value));
                Assert.True(envEnv.IsSupersetOf(actualEnv),
                    string.Format("Expected: {0}{1}Actual: {2}",
                        string.Join(", ", envEnv.Except(actualEnv)),
                        Environment.NewLine,
                        string.Join(", ", actualEnv.Except(envEnv))));
            }
            finally
            {
                Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable(ExtraEnvVar, null);
                Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable(EmptyEnvVar, null);
            }
        }

        [ConditionalFact(typeof(RemoteExecutor), nameof(RemoteExecutor.IsSupported))]
        public void EnvironmentNullValue()
        {
            const string NullEnvVar = "TestEnvironmentOfChildProcess_Null";
            Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable(NullEnvVar, "");
            try
            {
                Process p = CreateProcess(() =>
                {
                    // Verify that setting the value to null in StartInfo is going to remove the process environment.
                    Assert.Null(Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable(NullEnvVar));
                    return RemoteExecutor.SuccessExitCode;
                });
                p.StartInfo.Environment[NullEnvVar] = null;
                Assert.Null(p.StartInfo.Environment[NullEnvVar]);
                p.Start();
                Assert.True(p.WaitForExit(WaitInMS));
            }
            finally
            {
                Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable(NullEnvVar, null);
            }
        }

        [ConditionalFact(typeof(RemoteExecutor), nameof(RemoteExecutor.IsSupported))]
        [ActiveIssue("https://github.com/dotnet/runtime/issues/76140", TestPlatforms.LinuxBionic)]
        public void EnvironmentGetEnvironmentVariablesIsCaseSensitive()
        {
            var caseSensitiveEnvVars = new Dictionary<string, string>(StringComparer.Ordinal)
            {
                { "NPM_CONFIG_CACHE", "VALUE" },
                { "npm_config_cache", "value" },
            };

            string[] printedEnvVars = ExecuteProcessAndReturnParsedOutput(
                caseSensitiveEnvVars,
                () =>
                {
                    Console.Write(string.Join(ItemSeparator, Environment.GetEnvironmentVariables().Cast<DictionaryEntry>().Select(e => Convert.ToBase64String(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(e.Key + "=" + e.Value)))));
                    return RemoteExecutor.SuccessExitCode;
                });

            foreach (var providedEnvVar in caseSensitiveEnvVars)
            {
                Assert.Single(printedEnvVars, envVar => envVar.Equals($"{providedEnvVar.Key}={providedEnvVar.Value}", StringComparison.Ordinal));
            }
        }

        [ConditionalFact(typeof(RemoteExecutor), nameof(RemoteExecutor.IsSupported))]
        [ActiveIssue("https://github.com/dotnet/runtime/issues/76140", TestPlatforms.LinuxBionic)]
        public void ProcessStartInfoEnvironmentDoesNotThrowForCaseSensitiveDuplicates()
        {
            var caseSensitiveEnvVars = new Dictionary<string, string>(StringComparer.Ordinal)
            {
                { "NPM_CONFIG_CACHE", "^" },
                { "npm_config_cache", "^" },
            };

            string[] printedEnvVars = ExecuteProcessAndReturnParsedOutput(
                caseSensitiveEnvVars,
                () =>
                {
                    Console.Write(string.Join(ItemSeparator, new ProcessStartInfo().Environment.Select(e => Convert.ToBase64String(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(e.Key + "=" + e.Value)))));
                    return RemoteExecutor.SuccessExitCode;
                });

            StringComparison osSpecificComparison = OperatingSystem.IsWindows() ? StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase : StringComparison.Ordinal;
            foreach (var providedEnvVar in caseSensitiveEnvVars)
            {
                Assert.Single(printedEnvVars, envVar => envVar.Equals($"{providedEnvVar.Key}={providedEnvVar.Value}", osSpecificComparison));
            }
        }

        [ConditionalFact(typeof(RemoteExecutor), nameof(RemoteExecutor.IsSupported))]
        [ActiveIssue("https://github.com/dotnet/runtime/issues/76140", TestPlatforms.LinuxBionic)]
        public void ProcessStartInfoEnvironmentVariablesDoesNotThrowForCaseSensitiveDuplicates()
        {
            var caseSensitiveEnvVars = new Dictionary<string, string>(StringComparer.Ordinal)
            {
                { "NPM_CONFIG_CACHE", "^" },
                { "npm_config_cache", "^" },
            };

            string[] printedEnvVars = ExecuteProcessAndReturnParsedOutput(
                caseSensitiveEnvVars,
                () =>
                {
                    Console.Write(string.Join(ItemSeparator, new ProcessStartInfo().EnvironmentVariables.Cast<DictionaryEntry>().Select(e => Convert.ToBase64String(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(e.Key + "=" + e.Value)))));
                    return RemoteExecutor.SuccessExitCode;
                });

            StringComparison osSpecificComparison = OperatingSystem.IsWindows() ? StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase : StringComparison.Ordinal;
            foreach (var providedEnvVar in caseSensitiveEnvVars)
            {
                Assert.Single(printedEnvVars, envVar => envVar.Equals($"{providedEnvVar.Key}={providedEnvVar.Value}", osSpecificComparison));
            }
        }

        private string[] ExecuteProcessAndReturnParsedOutput(Dictionary<string, string> envVars, Func<int> processWork)
        {
            // Schedule a process to see what env vars it gets.  Have it write out those variables
            // to its output stream so we can read them.
            Process p = CreateProcess(processWork);
            p.StartInfo.StandardOutputEncoding = Encoding.UTF8;
            p.StartInfo.RedirectStandardOutput = true;

            // Environment Variables are case-insensitive on Windows.
            // But it's possible to start a process with duplicate case-sensitive env vars using CreateProcess API (see #42029)
            // To mimic this behaviour, we can't use Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable here as it's case-insensitive on Windows.
            // We also can't use p.StartInfo.Environment as it's comparer is set to OrdinalIgnoreCAse.
            // But we can overwrite it using reflection to mimic the CreateProcess behaviour and avoid having this test call CreateProcess directly.
            p.StartInfo.Environment
                .GetType()
                .GetField("_contents", Reflection.BindingFlags.NonPublic | Reflection.BindingFlags.Instance)
                .SetValue(p.StartInfo.Environment, envVars);

            p.Start();
            string output = p.StandardOutput.ReadToEnd();
            Assert.True(p.WaitForExit(WaitInMS));

            return output.Split(new[] { ItemSeparator }, StringSplitOptions.None).Select(s => Encoding.UTF8.GetString(Convert.FromBase64String(s))).ToArray();
        }

        [Fact]
        public void TestUseShellExecuteProperty_SetAndGet()
        {
            ProcessStartInfo psi = new ProcessStartInfo();
            Assert.False(psi.UseShellExecute);

            psi.UseShellExecute = true;
            Assert.True(psi.UseShellExecute);

            psi.UseShellExecute = false;
            Assert.False(psi.UseShellExecute);
        }

        [ConditionalTheory(typeof(RemoteExecutor), nameof(RemoteExecutor.IsSupported))]
        [InlineData(0)]
        [InlineData(1)]
        [InlineData(2)]
        public void TestUseShellExecuteProperty_Redirects_NotSupported(int std)
        {
            Process p = CreateProcessLong();
            p.StartInfo.UseShellExecute = true;

            switch (std)
            {
                case 0: p.StartInfo.RedirectStandardInput = true; break;
                case 1: p.StartInfo.RedirectStandardOutput = true; break;
                case 2: p.StartInfo.RedirectStandardError = true; break;
            }

            Assert.Throws<InvalidOperationException>(() => p.Start());
        }

        [Fact]
        public void TestArgumentsProperty()
        {
            ProcessStartInfo psi = new ProcessStartInfo();
            Assert.Equal(string.Empty, psi.Arguments);

            psi = new ProcessStartInfo("filename", "-arg1 -arg2");
            Assert.Equal("-arg1 -arg2", psi.Arguments);

            psi.Arguments = "-arg3 -arg4";
            Assert.Equal("-arg3 -arg4", psi.Arguments);
        }

        [ConditionalTheory(typeof(RemoteExecutor), nameof(RemoteExecutor.IsSupported)), InlineData(true), InlineData(false)]
        public void TestCreateNoWindowProperty(bool value)
        {
            Process testProcess = CreateProcessLong();
            try
            {
                testProcess.StartInfo.CreateNoWindow = value;
                testProcess.Start();

                Assert.Equal(value, testProcess.StartInfo.CreateNoWindow);
            }
            finally
            {
                testProcess.Kill();

                Assert.True(testProcess.WaitForExit(WaitInMS));
            }
        }

        [ConditionalFact(typeof(RemoteExecutor), nameof(RemoteExecutor.IsSupported))]
        public void TestWorkingDirectoryPropertyDefaultCase()
        {
            CreateDefaultProcess();

            // check defaults
            Assert.Equal(string.Empty, _process.StartInfo.WorkingDirectory);
        }

        [ConditionalFact(typeof(RemoteExecutor), nameof(RemoteExecutor.IsSupported))]
        public void TestWorkingDirectoryPropertyInChildProcess()
        {
            string workingDirectory = string.IsNullOrEmpty(Environment.SystemDirectory) ? TestDirectory : Environment.SystemDirectory;
            Assert.NotEqual(workingDirectory, Directory.GetCurrentDirectory());
            var psi = new ProcessStartInfo { WorkingDirectory = workingDirectory };
            RemoteExecutor.Invoke(wd =>
            {
                Assert.Equal(wd, Directory.GetCurrentDirectory());
                return RemoteExecutor.SuccessExitCode;
            }, workingDirectory, new RemoteInvokeOptions { StartInfo = psi }).Dispose();
        }

        [ConditionalFact(nameof(IsAdmin_IsNotNano_RemoteExecutorIsSupported))] // Nano has no "netapi32.dll", Admin rights are required
        [PlatformSpecific(TestPlatforms.Windows)]
        [OuterLoop("Requires admin privileges")]
        [ActiveIssue("https://github.com/dotnet/runtime/issues/80019", TestRuntimes.Mono)]
        public void TestUserCredentialsPropertiesOnWindows()
        {
            using Process longRunning = CreateProcessLong();
            longRunning.StartInfo.LoadUserProfile = true;

            using TestProcessState testAccountCleanup = CreateUserAndExecute(longRunning, Setup, Cleanup);

            string username = testAccountCleanup.ProcessAccountName.Split('\\').Last();
            Assert.Equal(username, Helpers.GetProcessUserName(longRunning));
            bool isProfileLoaded = GetNamesOfUserProfiles().Any(profile => profile.Equals(username));
            Assert.True(isProfileLoaded);

            void Setup(string username, string workingDirectory)
            {
                if (PlatformDetection.IsNotWindowsServerCore) // for this particular Windows version it fails with Attempted to perform an unauthorized operation (#46619)
                {
                    // ensure the new user can access the .exe (otherwise you get Access is denied exception)
                    SetAccessControl(username, longRunning.StartInfo.FileName, workingDirectory, add: true);
                }
            }

            void Cleanup(string username, string workingDirectory)
            {
                if (PlatformDetection.IsNotWindowsServerCore)
                {
                    // remove the access
                    SetAccessControl(username, longRunning.StartInfo.FileName, workingDirectory, add: false);
                }
            }
        }

        private static void SetAccessControl(string userName, string filePath, string directoryPath, bool add)
        {
            FileInfo fileInfo = new FileInfo(filePath);
            FileSecurity fileSecurity = fileInfo.GetAccessControl();
            Apply(userName, fileSecurity, FileSystemRights.ReadAndExecute, add);
            fileInfo.SetAccessControl(fileSecurity);

            DirectoryInfo directoryInfo = new DirectoryInfo(directoryPath);
            DirectorySecurity directorySecurity = directoryInfo.GetAccessControl();
            Apply(userName, directorySecurity, FileSystemRights.Read, add);
            directoryInfo.SetAccessControl(directorySecurity);

            static void Apply(string userName, FileSystemSecurity accessControl, FileSystemRights rights, bool add)
            {
                FileSystemAccessRule fileSystemAccessRule = new FileSystemAccessRule(userName, rights, AccessControlType.Allow);

                if (add)
                {
                    accessControl.AddAccessRule(fileSystemAccessRule);
                }
                else
                {
                    accessControl.RemoveAccessRule(fileSystemAccessRule);
                }
            }
        }

        private static List<string> GetNamesOfUserProfiles()
        {
            List<string> userNames = new List<string>();

            string[] names = Registry.Users.GetSubKeyNames();
            for (int i = 1; i < names.Length; i++)
            {
                try
                {
                    SecurityIdentifier sid = new SecurityIdentifier(names[i]);
                    string userName = sid.Translate(typeof(NTAccount)).ToString();
                    int indexofDomain = userName.IndexOf('\\');
                    if (indexofDomain != -1)
                    {
                        userName = userName.Substring(indexofDomain + 1);
                        userNames.Add(userName);
                    }
                }
                catch (Exception) { }
            }

            return userNames;
        }

        [Fact]
        public void TestEnvironmentVariables_Environment_DataRoundTrips()
        {
            ProcessStartInfo psi = new ProcessStartInfo();

            // Creating a detached ProcessStartInfo will pre-populate the environment
            // with current environmental variables.
            psi.Environment.Clear();

            psi.EnvironmentVariables.Add("NewKey", "NewValue");
            psi.Environment.Add("NewKey2", "NewValue2");
            Assert.Equal(psi.Environment["NewKey"], psi.EnvironmentVariables["NewKey"]);
            Assert.Equal(psi.Environment["NewKey2"], psi.EnvironmentVariables["NewKey2"]);

            Assert.Equal(2, psi.EnvironmentVariables.Count);
            Assert.Equal(psi.Environment.Count, psi.EnvironmentVariables.Count);

            AssertExtensions.Throws<ArgumentException>(null, () => psi.EnvironmentVariables.Add("NewKey2", "NewValue2"));
            psi.EnvironmentVariables.Add("NewKey3", "NewValue3");

            psi.Environment.Add("NewKey3", "NewValue3Overridden");
            Assert.Equal("NewValue3Overridden", psi.Environment["NewKey3"]);

            psi.EnvironmentVariables.Clear();
            Assert.Equal(0, psi.Environment.Count);

            psi.EnvironmentVariables.Add("NewKey", "NewValue");
            psi.EnvironmentVariables.Add("NewKey2", "NewValue2");

            // Environment and EnvironmentVariables should be equal, but have different enumeration types.
            IEnumerable<KeyValuePair<string, string>> allEnvironment = psi.Environment.OrderBy(k => k.Key);
            IEnumerable<DictionaryEntry> allDictionary = psi.EnvironmentVariables.Cast<DictionaryEntry>().OrderBy(k => k.Key);
            Assert.Equal(allEnvironment.Select(k => new DictionaryEntry(k.Key, k.Value)), allDictionary);

            psi.EnvironmentVariables.Add("NewKey3", "NewValue3");
            KeyValuePair<string, string>[] kvpa = new KeyValuePair<string, string>[5];
            psi.Environment.CopyTo(kvpa, 0);

            KeyValuePair<string, string>[] kvpaOrdered = kvpa.OrderByDescending(k => k.Key).ToArray();
            Assert.Equal("NewKey", kvpaOrdered[2].Key);
            Assert.Equal("NewValue", kvpaOrdered[2].Value);

            psi.EnvironmentVariables.Remove("NewKey3");
            Assert.False(psi.Environment.Contains(new KeyValuePair<string, string>("NewKey3", "NewValue3")));
        }

        [ConditionalFact(typeof(PlatformDetection), nameof(PlatformDetection.IsNotWindowsNanoServer))] // Nano does not support these verbs
        [PlatformSpecific(TestPlatforms.Windows)]  // Test case is specific to Windows
        public void Verbs_GetWithExeExtension_ReturnsExpected()
        {
            var psi = new ProcessStartInfo { FileName = $"{Process.GetCurrentProcess().ProcessName}.exe" };

            Assert.Contains("open", psi.Verbs, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
            Assert.Contains("runas", psi.Verbs, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
            Assert.Contains("runasuser", psi.Verbs, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
            Assert.DoesNotContain("printto", psi.Verbs, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
            Assert.DoesNotContain("closed", psi.Verbs, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
        }

        [Theory]
        [InlineData("")]
        [InlineData("nofileextension")]
        [PlatformSpecific(TestPlatforms.Windows)]
        public void Verbs_GetWithNoExtension_ReturnsEmpty(string fileName)
        {
            var info = new ProcessStartInfo { FileName = fileName };
            Assert.Empty(info.Verbs);
        }

        [Fact]
        [PlatformSpecific(TestPlatforms.Windows)]
        public void Verbs_GetWithNoRegisteredExtension_ReturnsEmpty()
        {
            var info = new ProcessStartInfo { FileName = "file.nosuchextension" };
            Assert.Empty(info.Verbs);
        }

        [Fact]
        [PlatformSpecific(TestPlatforms.Windows)]
        public void Verbs_GetWithNoEmptyStringKey_ReturnsEmpty()
        {
            const string Extension = ".noemptykeyextension";
            const string FileName = "file" + Extension;

            using (TempRegistryKey tempKey = new TempRegistryKey(Registry.ClassesRoot, Extension))
            {
                if (tempKey.Key == null)
                {
                    // Skip this test if the user doesn't have permission to
                    // modify the registry.
                    return;
                }

                var info = new ProcessStartInfo { FileName = FileName };
                Assert.Empty(info.Verbs);
            }
        }

        [Fact]
        [PlatformSpecific(TestPlatforms.Windows)]
        public void Verbs_GetWithEmptyStringValue_ReturnsEmpty()
        {
            const string Extension = ".emptystringextension";
            const string FileName = "file" + Extension;

            using (TempRegistryKey tempKey = new TempRegistryKey(Registry.ClassesRoot, Extension))
            {
                if (tempKey.Key == null)
                {
                    // Skip this test if the user doesn't have permission to
                    // modify the registry.
                    return;
                }

                tempKey.Key.SetValue("", "");

                var info = new ProcessStartInfo { FileName = FileName };
                Assert.Empty(info.Verbs);
            }
        }

        [Fact]
        [PlatformSpecific(TestPlatforms.Windows)]
        public void Verbs_GetWithNonStringValue_ReturnsEmpty()
        {
            const string Extension = ".nonstringextension";
            const string FileName = "file" + Extension;

            using (TempRegistryKey tempKey = new TempRegistryKey(Registry.ClassesRoot, Extension))
            {
                if (tempKey.Key == null)
                {
                    // Skip this test if the user doesn't have permission to
                    // modify the registry.
                    return;
                }

                tempKey.Key.SetValue("", 123);

                var info = new ProcessStartInfo { FileName = FileName };
                Assert.Empty(info.Verbs);
            }
        }

        [Fact]
        [PlatformSpecific(TestPlatforms.Windows)]
        public void Verbs_GetWithNoShellSubKey_ReturnsEmpty()
        {
            const string Extension = ".noshellsubkey";
            const string FileName = "file" + Extension;

            using (TempRegistryKey tempKey = new TempRegistryKey(Registry.ClassesRoot, Extension))
            {
                if (tempKey.Key == null)
                {
                    // Skip this test if the user doesn't have permission to
                    // modify the registry.
                    return;
                }

                tempKey.Key.SetValue("", "nosuchshell");

                var info = new ProcessStartInfo { FileName = FileName };
                Assert.Empty(info.Verbs);
            }
        }

        [Fact]
        [PlatformSpecific(TestPlatforms.Windows)]
        public void Verbs_GetWithSubkeys_ReturnsEmpty()
        {
            const string Extension = ".customregistryextension";
            const string FileName = "file" + Extension;
            const string SubKeyValue = "customregistryextensionshell";

            using (TempRegistryKey extensionKey = new TempRegistryKey(Registry.ClassesRoot, Extension))
            using (TempRegistryKey shellKey = new TempRegistryKey(Registry.ClassesRoot, SubKeyValue + "\\shell"))
            {
                if (extensionKey.Key == null)
                {
                    // Skip this test if the user doesn't have permission to
                    // modify the registry.
                    return;
                }

                extensionKey.Key.SetValue("", SubKeyValue);

                shellKey.Key.CreateSubKey("verb1");
                shellKey.Key.CreateSubKey("NEW");
                shellKey.Key.CreateSubKey("new");
                shellKey.Key.CreateSubKey("verb2");

                var info = new ProcessStartInfo { FileName = FileName };
                Assert.Equal(new string[] { "verb1", "verb2" }, info.Verbs);
            }
        }

        [Fact]
        [PlatformSpecific(TestPlatforms.Windows)]
        public void Verbs_GetUnix_ReturnsEmpty()
        {
            var info = new ProcessStartInfo();
            Assert.Empty(info.Verbs);
        }

        [PlatformSpecific(TestPlatforms.AnyUnix)]  // Test case is specific to Unix
        [Fact]
        public void TestEnvironmentVariablesPropertyUnix()
        {
            ProcessStartInfo psi = new ProcessStartInfo();

            // Creating a detached ProcessStartInfo will pre-populate the environment
            // with current environmental variables.

            StringDictionary environmentVariables = psi.EnvironmentVariables;

            // Whole list of environment variables can no longer be accessed on non-OSX apple platforms
            if (!PlatformDetection.IsiOS && !PlatformDetection.IstvOS && !PlatformDetection.IsMacCatalyst)
            {
                Assert.NotEqual(0, environmentVariables.Count);
            }

            int CountItems = environmentVariables.Count;

            environmentVariables.Add("NewKey", "NewValue");
            environmentVariables.Add("NewKey2", "NewValue2");

            Assert.Equal(CountItems + 2, environmentVariables.Count);
            environmentVariables.Remove("NewKey");
            Assert.Equal(CountItems + 1, environmentVariables.Count);

            //Exception not thrown with invalid key
            AssertExtensions.Throws<ArgumentException>(null, () => { environmentVariables.Add("NewKey2", "NewValue2"); });
            Assert.False(environmentVariables.ContainsKey("NewKey"));

            environmentVariables.Add("newkey2", "newvalue2");
            Assert.True(environmentVariables.ContainsKey("newkey2"));
            Assert.Equal("newvalue2", environmentVariables["newkey2"]);
            Assert.Equal("NewValue2", environmentVariables["NewKey2"]);

            environmentVariables.Clear();

            Assert.Equal(0, environmentVariables.Count);

            environmentVariables.Add("NewKey", "newvalue");
            environmentVariables.Add("newkey2", "NewValue2");
            Assert.False(environmentVariables.ContainsKey("newkey"));
            Assert.False(environmentVariables.ContainsValue("NewValue"));

            string result = null;
            int index = 0;
            foreach (string e1 in environmentVariables.Values)
            {
                index++;
                result += e1;
            }
            Assert.Equal(2, index);
            Assert.Equal("newvalueNewValue2", result);

            result = null;
            index = 0;
            foreach (string e1 in environmentVariables.Keys)
            {
                index++;
                result += e1;
            }
            Assert.Equal("NewKeynewkey2", result);
            Assert.Equal(2, index);

            result = null;
            index = 0;
            foreach (DictionaryEntry e1 in environmentVariables)
            {
                index++;
                result += e1.Key;
            }
            Assert.Equal("NewKeynewkey2", result);
            Assert.Equal(2, index);

            //Key not found
            Assert.Throws<KeyNotFoundException>(() =>
            {
                string stringout = environmentVariables["NewKey99"];
            });

            //Exception not thrown with invalid key
            Assert.Throws<ArgumentNullException>(() =>
            {
                string stringout = environmentVariables[null];
            });

            //Exception not thrown with invalid key
            Assert.Throws<ArgumentNullException>(() => environmentVariables.Add(null, "NewValue2"));

            AssertExtensions.Throws<ArgumentException>(null, () => environmentVariables.Add("newkey2", "NewValue2"));

            //Use DictionaryEntry Enumerator
            var x = environmentVariables.GetEnumerator() as IEnumerator;
            x.MoveNext();
            var y1 = (DictionaryEntry)x.Current;
            Assert.Equal("NewKey newvalue", y1.Key + " " + y1.Value);
            x.MoveNext();
            y1 = (DictionaryEntry)x.Current;
            Assert.Equal("newkey2 NewValue2", y1.Key + " " + y1.Value);

            environmentVariables.Add("newkey3", "newvalue3");

            KeyValuePair<string, string>[] kvpa = new KeyValuePair<string, string>[10];
            environmentVariables.CopyTo(kvpa, 0);
            Assert.Equal("NewKey", kvpa[0].Key);
            Assert.Equal("newkey3", kvpa[2].Key);
            Assert.Equal("newvalue3", kvpa[2].Value);

            string[] kvp = new string[10];
            AssertExtensions.Throws<ArgumentException>(null, () => { environmentVariables.CopyTo(kvp, 6); });
            environmentVariables.CopyTo(kvpa, 6);
            Assert.Equal("NewKey", kvpa[6].Key);
            Assert.Equal("newvalue", kvpa[6].Value);

            Assert.Throws<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() => { environmentVariables.CopyTo(kvpa, -1); });

            AssertExtensions.Throws<ArgumentException>(null, () => { environmentVariables.CopyTo(kvpa, 9); });

            Assert.Throws<ArgumentNullException>(() =>
            {
                KeyValuePair<string, string>[] kvpanull = null;
                environmentVariables.CopyTo(kvpanull, 0);
            });
        }

        [Theory]
        [InlineData(null)]
        [InlineData("")]
        [InlineData("domain")]
        [PlatformSpecific(TestPlatforms.Windows)]
        public void Domain_SetWindows_GetReturnsExpected(string domain)
        {
            var info = new ProcessStartInfo { Domain = domain };
            Assert.Equal(domain ?? string.Empty, info.Domain);
        }

        [Fact]
        [PlatformSpecific(TestPlatforms.AnyUnix)]
        public void Domain_GetSetUnix_ThrowsPlatformNotSupportedException()
        {
            var info = new ProcessStartInfo();
            Assert.Throws<PlatformNotSupportedException>(() => info.Domain);
            Assert.Throws<PlatformNotSupportedException>(() => info.Domain = "domain");
        }

        [Theory]
        [InlineData(null)]
        [InlineData("")]
        [InlineData("filename")]
        public void FileName_Set_GetReturnsExpected(string fileName)
        {
            var info = new ProcessStartInfo { FileName = fileName };
            Assert.Equal(fileName ?? string.Empty, info.FileName);
        }

        [Theory]
        [InlineData(true)]
        [InlineData(false)]
        [PlatformSpecific(TestPlatforms.Windows)]
        public void LoadUserProfile_SetWindows_GetReturnsExpected(bool loadUserProfile)
        {
            var info = new ProcessStartInfo { LoadUserProfile = loadUserProfile };
            Assert.Equal(loadUserProfile, info.LoadUserProfile);
        }

        [Fact]
        [PlatformSpecific(TestPlatforms.AnyUnix)]
        public void LoadUserProfile_GetSetUnix_ThrowsPlatformNotSupportedException()
        {
            var info = new ProcessStartInfo();
            Assert.Throws<PlatformNotSupportedException>(() => info.LoadUserProfile);
            Assert.Throws<PlatformNotSupportedException>(() => info.LoadUserProfile = false);
        }

        [Theory]
        [InlineData(true)]
        [InlineData(false)]
        [PlatformSpecific(TestPlatforms.Windows)]
        public void UseCredentialsForNetworkingOnly_SetWindows_GetReturnsExpected(bool useCredentialsForNetworkingOnly)
        {
            var info = new ProcessStartInfo { UseCredentialsForNetworkingOnly = useCredentialsForNetworkingOnly };
            Assert.Equal(useCredentialsForNetworkingOnly, info.UseCredentialsForNetworkingOnly);
        }

        [Fact]
        [PlatformSpecific(TestPlatforms.AnyUnix)]
        public void UseCredentialsForNetworkingOnly_GetSetUnix_ThrowsPlatformNotSupportedException()
        {
            var info = new ProcessStartInfo();
            Assert.Throws<PlatformNotSupportedException>(() => info.UseCredentialsForNetworkingOnly);
            Assert.Throws<PlatformNotSupportedException>(() => info.UseCredentialsForNetworkingOnly = false);
        }

        [Theory]
        [InlineData(null)]
        [InlineData("")]
        [InlineData("passwordInClearText")]
        [PlatformSpecific(TestPlatforms.Windows)]
        public void PasswordInClearText_SetWindows_GetReturnsExpected(string passwordInClearText)
        {
            var info = new ProcessStartInfo { PasswordInClearText = passwordInClearText };
            Assert.Equal(passwordInClearText, info.PasswordInClearText);
        }

        [Fact]
        [PlatformSpecific(TestPlatforms.AnyUnix)]
        public void PasswordInClearText_GetSetUnix_ThrowsPlatformNotSupportedException()
        {
            var info = new ProcessStartInfo();
            Assert.Throws<PlatformNotSupportedException>(() => info.PasswordInClearText);
            Assert.Throws<PlatformNotSupportedException>(() => info.PasswordInClearText = "passwordInClearText");
        }

        [Fact]
        [PlatformSpecific(TestPlatforms.Windows)]
        public void Password_SetWindows_GetReturnsExpected()
        {
            using (SecureString password = new SecureString())
            {
                password.AppendChar('a');
                var info = new ProcessStartInfo { Password = password };
                Assert.Equal(password, info.Password);
            }
        }

        [Fact]
        [PlatformSpecific(TestPlatforms.AnyUnix)]
        public void Password_GetSetUnix_ThrowsPlatformNotSupportedException()
        {
            var info = new ProcessStartInfo();
            Assert.Throws<PlatformNotSupportedException>(() => info.Password);
            Assert.Throws<PlatformNotSupportedException>(() => info.Password = new SecureString());
        }

        [Theory]
        [InlineData(null)]
        [InlineData("")]
        [InlineData("domain")]
        public void UserName_Set_GetReturnsExpected(string userName)
        {
            var info = new ProcessStartInfo { UserName = userName };
            Assert.Equal(userName ?? string.Empty, info.UserName);
        }

        [Theory]
        [InlineData(null)]
        [InlineData("")]
        [InlineData("verb")]
        public void Verb_Set_GetReturnsExpected(string verb)
        {
            var info = new ProcessStartInfo { Verb = verb };
            Assert.Equal(verb ?? string.Empty, info.Verb);
        }

        [Theory]
        [InlineData(ProcessWindowStyle.Normal - 1)]
        [InlineData(ProcessWindowStyle.Maximized + 1)]
        public void WindowStyle_SetNoSuchWindowStyle_ThrowsInvalidEnumArgumentException(ProcessWindowStyle style)
        {
            var info = new ProcessStartInfo();
            Assert.Throws<InvalidEnumArgumentException>(() => info.WindowStyle = style);
        }

        [Theory]
        [InlineData(ProcessWindowStyle.Hidden)]
        [InlineData(ProcessWindowStyle.Maximized)]
        [InlineData(ProcessWindowStyle.Minimized)]
        [InlineData(ProcessWindowStyle.Normal)]
        public void WindowStyle_Set_GetReturnsExpected(ProcessWindowStyle style)
        {
            var info = new ProcessStartInfo { WindowStyle = style };
            Assert.Equal(style, info.WindowStyle);
        }

        [Theory]
        [InlineData(null)]
        [InlineData("")]
        [InlineData("workingdirectory")]
        public void WorkingDirectory_Set_GetReturnsExpected(string workingDirectory)
        {
            var info = new ProcessStartInfo { WorkingDirectory = workingDirectory };
            Assert.Equal(workingDirectory ?? string.Empty, info.WorkingDirectory);
        }

        [Fact]
        [OuterLoop("Opens a browser")]
        [Trait(XunitConstants.Category, XunitConstants.IgnoreForCI)] // Native dependencies missing in CI. See https://github.com/dotnet/runtime/issues/20097
        [PlatformSpecific(TestPlatforms.Windows)]
        public void StartInfo_WebPage()
        {
            ProcessStartInfo info = new ProcessStartInfo
            {
                UseShellExecute = true,
                FileName = @"http://www.microsoft.com"
            };

            using (var p = Process.Start(info))
            {
                Assert.NotNull(p);
                p.WaitForInputIdle();
                p.Kill();
            }
        }

        [ConditionalTheory(typeof(PlatformDetection), nameof(PlatformDetection.IsNotWindowsNanoServer))] // No Notepad on Nano
        [MemberData(nameof(UseShellExecute))]
        [OuterLoop("Launches notepad")]
        [PlatformSpecific(TestPlatforms.Windows)]
        [ActiveIssue("https://github.com/dotnet/runtime/issues/34685", TestRuntimes.Mono)]
        public void StartInfo_NotepadWithContent(bool useShellExecute)
        {
            string tempFile = GetTestFilePath() + ".txt";
            File.WriteAllText(tempFile, $"StartInfo_NotepadWithContent({useShellExecute})");

            ProcessStartInfo info = new ProcessStartInfo
            {
                UseShellExecute = useShellExecute,
                FileName = "notepad.exe",
                Arguments = tempFile,
                WindowStyle = ProcessWindowStyle.Minimized
            };

            using (var process = Process.Start(info))
            {
                Assert.True(process != null, $"Could not start {info.FileName} {info.Arguments} UseShellExecute={info.UseShellExecute}");

                try
                {
                    VerifyNotepadMainWindowTitle(process, tempFile);
                }
                finally
                {
                    process?.Kill();
                }
            }
        }

        [ConditionalFact(typeof(PlatformDetection), nameof(PlatformDetection.IsNotWindowsNanoServer), // Nano does not support UseShellExecute and has not notepad
                                                    nameof(PlatformDetection.IsNotWindowsServerCore), // https://github.com/dotnet/runtime/issues/26231
                                                    nameof(PlatformDetection.IsNotWindows8x))] // https://github.com/dotnet/runtime/issues/22007
        [OuterLoop("Launches notepad")]
        [PlatformSpecific(TestPlatforms.Windows)]
        [ActiveIssue("https://github.com/dotnet/runtime/issues/34685", TestRuntimes.Mono)]
        public void StartInfo_TextFile_ShellExecute()
        {
            // create a new extension that nobody else should be using
            const string fileExtension = ".dotnetRuntimeTestExtension";
            // associate Notepad with the new extension
            FileAssociations.EnsureAssociationSet(fileExtension, "Used For Testing ShellExecute", "notepad.exe", "Notepad");
            // from here we can try to open with with given extension and be sure that Notepad is going to open it (not other text file editor like Notepad++)

            string tempFile = GetTestFilePath() + fileExtension;
            File.WriteAllText(tempFile, $"StartInfo_TextFile_ShellExecute");

            ProcessStartInfo info = new ProcessStartInfo
            {
                UseShellExecute = true,
                FileName = tempFile,
                WindowStyle = ProcessWindowStyle.Minimized
            };

            using (var process = Process.Start(info))
            {
                Assert.True(process != null, $"Could not start {info.FileName} UseShellExecute={info.UseShellExecute}\r\n{GetAssociationDetails()}");

                try
                {
                    VerifyNotepadMainWindowTitle(process, tempFile);
                }
                finally
                {
                    process?.Kill();
                }
            }
        }

        [DllImport("shlwapi.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, ExactSpelling = true)]
        private static extern unsafe int AssocQueryStringW(
            int flags,
            int str,
            string pszAssoc,
            string pszExtra,
            char* pszOut,
            ref uint pcchOut);

        private static unsafe string GetAssociationString(int flags, int str, string pszAssoc, string pszExtra)
        {
            uint count = 0;
            int result = AssocQueryStringW(flags, str, pszAssoc, pszExtra, null, ref count);
            if (result != 1)
                return $"Didn't get expected HRESULT (1) when getting char count. HRESULT was 0x{result:x8}";

            string value = new string((char)0, (int)count - 1);
            fixed (char* s = value)
            {
                result = AssocQueryStringW(flags, str, pszAssoc, pszExtra, s, ref count);
            }

            if (result != 0)
                return $"Didn't get expected HRESULT (0), when getting char count. HRESULT was 0x{result:x8}";

            return value;
        }

        private static string GetAssociationDetails()
        {
            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
            sb.AppendLine("Association details for '.txt'");
            sb.AppendLine("------------------------------");

            string open = GetAssociationString(0, 1 /* ASSOCSTR_COMMAND */, ".txt", "open");
            sb.AppendLine($"Open command: {open}");

            string progId = GetAssociationString(0, 20 /* ASSOCSTR_PROGID */, ".txt", null);
            sb.AppendLine($"ProgID: {progId}");

            return sb.ToString();
        }

        [ConditionalFact(typeof(PlatformDetection), nameof(PlatformDetection.IsWindowsNanoServer))]
        public void ShellExecute_Nano_Fails_Start()
        {
            string tempFile = GetTestFilePath() + ".txt";
            File.Create(tempFile).Dispose();

            ProcessStartInfo info = new ProcessStartInfo
            {
                UseShellExecute = true,
                FileName = tempFile
            };

            // Nano does not support either the STA apartment or ShellExecute.
            // Since we try to start an STA thread for ShellExecute, we hit a ThreadStartException
            // before we get to the PlatformNotSupportedException.
            Assert.Throws<ThreadStartException>(() => Process.Start(info));
        }

        public static TheoryData<bool> UseShellExecute
        {
            get
            {
                TheoryData<bool> data = new TheoryData<bool> { false };

                if (!PlatformDetection.IsInAppContainer // https://github.com/dotnet/runtime/issues/21919
                    && !PlatformDetection.IsWindowsNanoServer // By design
                    && !PlatformDetection.IsWindowsIoTCore)
                    data.Add(true);
                return data;
            }
        }

        private const int ERROR_SUCCESS = 0x0;
        private const int ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND = 0x2;
        private const int ERROR_BAD_EXE_FORMAT = 0xC1;
        private const int ERROR_SHARING_VIOLATION = 0x20;

        [Theory]
        [ActiveIssue("https://github.com/dotnet/runtime/issues/34685", TestPlatforms.Windows, TargetFrameworkMonikers.Netcoreapp, TestRuntimes.Mono)]
        [MemberData(nameof(UseShellExecute))]
        [PlatformSpecific(TestPlatforms.Windows)]
        public void StartInfo_BadVerb(bool useShellExecute)
        {
            ProcessStartInfo info = new ProcessStartInfo
            {
                UseShellExecute = useShellExecute,
                FileName = @"foo.txt",
                Verb = "Zlorp"
            };

            Assert.Equal(ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND, Assert.Throws<Win32Exception>(() => Process.Start(info)).NativeErrorCode);
        }

        [Theory]
        [ActiveIssue("https://github.com/dotnet/runtime/issues/34685", TestPlatforms.Windows, TargetFrameworkMonikers.Netcoreapp, TestRuntimes.Mono)]
        [MemberData(nameof(UseShellExecute))]
        [PlatformSpecific(TestPlatforms.Windows)]
        public void StartInfo_BadExe(bool useShellExecute)
        {
            string tempFile = GetTestFilePath() + ".exe";
            File.Create(tempFile).Dispose();

            ProcessStartInfo info = new ProcessStartInfo
            {
                UseShellExecute = useShellExecute,
                FileName = tempFile
            };

            int errorCode = Assert.Throws<Win32Exception>(() => Process.Start(info)).NativeErrorCode;
            
            if (!PlatformDetection.IsWindowsNanoServer)
            {
                // We can not rely on the error code returned on Windows Nano https://github.com/dotnet/runtime/issues/17919
                Assert.Equal(ERROR_BAD_EXE_FORMAT, errorCode);
            }
        }

        [Fact]
        public void UninitializedArgumentList()
        {
            ProcessStartInfo psi = new ProcessStartInfo();
            Assert.Equal(0, psi.ArgumentList.Count);

            psi = new ProcessStartInfo("filename", "-arg1 -arg2");
            Assert.Equal(0, psi.ArgumentList.Count);
        }

        [Fact]
        public void InitializeWithArgumentList_Add()
        {
            ProcessStartInfo psi = new ProcessStartInfo("filename");

            string[] args = new[] { "arg1", "arg2", " arg3", "arg4 ", "arg 5", $"arg{Environment.NewLine}6" };
            foreach (string arg in args)
            {
                psi.ArgumentList.Add(arg);
            }

            Assert.Equal(args, psi.ArgumentList);
        }

        [Fact]
        public void InitializeWithArgumentList_Enumerable()
        {
            string[] args = new[] { "arg1", "arg2", " arg3", "arg4 ", "arg 5", $"arg{Environment.NewLine}6" };
            ProcessStartInfo psi = new ProcessStartInfo("filename", args);

            Assert.Equal(args, psi.ArgumentList);
        }

        [Fact]
        public void InitializeWithArgumentList_ThrowsArgumentNullException()
        {
            Assert.Throws<ArgumentNullException>("fileName", () => new ProcessStartInfo(null, new[] { "a", "b" }));
            Assert.Throws<ArgumentNullException>("arguments", () => new ProcessStartInfo("a", (IEnumerable<string>)null));
        }

        [ConditionalTheory(typeof(PlatformDetection), nameof(PlatformDetection.IsNotWindowsNanoServer))] // No Notepad on Nano
        [MemberData(nameof(UseShellExecute))]
        [OuterLoop("Launches notepad")]
        [PlatformSpecific(TestPlatforms.Windows)]
        [ActiveIssue("https://github.com/dotnet/runtime/issues/34685", TestRuntimes.Mono)]
        public void StartInfo_NotepadWithContent_withArgumentList(bool useShellExecute)
        {
            string tempFile = GetTestFilePath() + ".txt";
            File.WriteAllText(tempFile, $"StartInfo_NotepadWithContent({useShellExecute})");

            ProcessStartInfo info = new ProcessStartInfo
            {
                UseShellExecute = useShellExecute,
                FileName = "notepad.exe",
                Arguments = null,
                WindowStyle = ProcessWindowStyle.Minimized
            };

            info.ArgumentList.Add(tempFile);

            using (var process = Process.Start(info))
            {
                Assert.True(process != null, $"Could not start {info.FileName} {info.Arguments} UseShellExecute={info.UseShellExecute}");

                try
                {
                    VerifyNotepadMainWindowTitle(process, tempFile);
                }
                finally
                {
                    process?.Kill();
                }
            }
        }

        private void VerifyNotepadMainWindowTitle(Process process, string filename)
        {
            if (PlatformDetection.IsWindowsServerCore)
            {
                return; // On Server Core, notepad exists but does not return a title
            }

            if (PlatformDetection.IsWindows10Version22000OrGreater)
            {
                return; // On Windows 11, we aren't able to get the title for some reason; Windows 10 coverage should be sufficient
            }

            // On some Windows versions, the file extension is not included in the title
            string expected = Path.GetFileNameWithoutExtension(filename);

            process.WaitForInputIdle(); // Give the file a chance to load
            Assert.Equal("notepad", process.ProcessName.ToLower());

            // Notepad calls CreateWindowEx with pWindowName of empty string, then calls SetWindowTextW
            // with "Untitled - Notepad" then finally if you're opening a file, calls SetWindowTextW
            // with something similar to "myfilename - Notepad". So there's a race between input idle
            // and the expected MainWindowTitle because of how Notepad is implemented.
            string title = process.MainWindowTitle;
            int count = 0;
            while (!title.StartsWith(expected) && count < 500)
            {
                Thread.Sleep(10);
                process.Refresh();
                title = process.MainWindowTitle;
                count++;
            }

            Assert.StartsWith(expected, title);
        }

        [ConditionalFact(typeof(PlatformDetection), nameof(PlatformDetection.IsNotWindowsNanoServer))] // No Notepad on Nano
        [OuterLoop("Launches notepad")]
        [PlatformSpecific(TestPlatforms.Windows)]
        public void StartInfo_LoadUserProfile_And_UseCredentialsForNetworkingOnly_AreIncompatible()
        {
            ProcessStartInfo info = new ProcessStartInfo
            {
                LoadUserProfile = true,
                UseCredentialsForNetworkingOnly = true,
                UserName = "dummy",
                PasswordInClearText = "not used, because ArgumentException should be thrown before",
                FileName = "notepad.exe",
                Arguments = null,
                WindowStyle = ProcessWindowStyle.Minimized
            };

            Assert.Throws<ArgumentException>("startInfo", () =>
            {
                using (var process = Process.Start(info))
                {
                    Assert.False(process != null, $"Process started despite incompatible options {nameof(info.LoadUserProfile)} and {nameof(info.UseCredentialsForNetworkingOnly)} were enabled");
                }
            });
        }

        private static TestProcessState CreateUserAndExecute(
            Process process,
            Action<string, string> additionalSetup = null,
            Action<string, string> additionalCleanup = null,
            [CallerMemberName] string memberName = "")
        {
            string callerIntials = new string(memberName.Where(c => char.IsUpper(c)).Take(18).ToArray());

            WindowsTestAccount processAccount = new WindowsTestAccount(string.Concat("d", callerIntials));
            string workingDirectory = string.IsNullOrEmpty(process.StartInfo.WorkingDirectory)
                    ? Directory.GetCurrentDirectory()
                    : process.StartInfo.WorkingDirectory;

            additionalSetup?.Invoke(processAccount.AccountName, workingDirectory);

            process.StartInfo.UserName = processAccount.AccountName.Split('\\').Last();
            process.StartInfo.Domain = processAccount.AccountName.Split('\\').First();
            process.StartInfo.PasswordInClearText = processAccount.Password;

            try
            {
                bool hasStarted = process.Start();
                return new TestProcessState(process, hasStarted, processAccount, workingDirectory, additionalCleanup);
            }
            catch (Win32Exception ex) when (ex.NativeErrorCode == ERROR_SHARING_VIOLATION)
            {
                throw new SkipTestException($"{process.StartInfo.FileName} has been locked by some other process");
            }
        }

        private class TestProcessState : IDisposable
        {
            private readonly Process _process;

            private readonly bool _hasStarted;

            private readonly WindowsTestAccount _processAccount;

            private readonly string _workingDirectory;

            private readonly Action<string, string> _additionalCleanup;

            public TestProcessState(
                Process process,
                bool hasStarted,
                WindowsTestAccount processAccount,
                string workingDirectory,
                Action<string, string> additionalCleanup)
            {
                _process = process;
                _hasStarted = hasStarted;
                _processAccount = processAccount;
                _workingDirectory = workingDirectory;
                _additionalCleanup = additionalCleanup;
            }

            public string ProcessAccountName => _processAccount?.AccountName;

            public void Dispose()
            {
                if (_hasStarted)
                {
                    _process.Kill();

                    Assert.True(_process.WaitForExit(WaitInMS));
                }

                _additionalCleanup?.Invoke(_processAccount?.AccountName, _workingDirectory);
                _processAccount?.Dispose();
            }
        }
    }
}