diff --git a/.babelrc-npm.json b/.babelrc-npm.json
index 70fd1db5e6..8963ac9526 100644
--- a/.babelrc-npm.json
+++ b/.babelrc-npm.json
@@ -1,27 +1,10 @@
 {
+  "presets": [
+    ["@babel/preset-env", { "modules": false, "targets": { "node": "14" } }]
+  ],
   "plugins": [
+    ["./resources/add-extension-to-import-paths.js", { "extension": "js" }],
     "@babel/plugin-transform-typescript",
-    "./resources/inline-invariant"
-  ],
-  "env": {
-    "cjs": {
-      "presets": [
-        [
-          "@babel/preset-env",
-          { "modules": "commonjs", "targets": { "node": "14" } }
-        ]
-      ],
-      "plugins": [
-        ["./resources/add-extension-to-import-paths", { "extension": "js" }]
-      ]
-    },
-    "mjs": {
-      "presets": [
-        ["@babel/preset-env", { "modules": false, "targets": { "node": "14" } }]
-      ],
-      "plugins": [
-        ["./resources/add-extension-to-import-paths", { "extension": "mjs" }]
-      ]
-    }
-  }
+    "./resources/inline-invariant.js"
+  ]
 }
diff --git a/.eslintrc.yml b/.eslintrc.yml
index 89e9672613..7898a7bf45 100644
--- a/.eslintrc.yml
+++ b/.eslintrc.yml
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ rules:
   node/no-exports-assign: error
   node/no-extraneous-import: error
   node/no-extraneous-require: error
-  node/no-missing-import: error
+  node/no-missing-import: [error, { allowModules: ['graphql'] }]
   node/no-missing-require: error
   node/no-new-require: error
   node/no-path-concat: error
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ rules:
 
   # Static analysis
   # https://github.com/benmosher/eslint-plugin-import#static-analysis
-  import/no-unresolved: error
+  import/no-unresolved: [error, { ignore: ['graphql'] }]
   import/named: error
   import/default: error
   import/namespace: error
@@ -671,23 +671,24 @@ overrides:
       import/no-extraneous-dependencies: [error, { devDependencies: true }]
       import/no-nodejs-modules: off
   - files: 'integrationTests/*/**'
+    parserOptions:
+      sourceType: module
     env:
       node: true
     rules:
       node/no-sync: off
-      node/no-missing-require: [error, { allowModules: ['graphql'] }]
-      import/no-commonjs: off
       import/no-nodejs-modules: off
       no-console: off
   - files: 'benchmark/**'
+    parserOptions:
+      sourceType: module
     env:
       node: true
     rules:
       internal-rules/only-ascii: [error, { allowEmoji: true }]
       node/no-sync: off
-      node/no-missing-require: off
+      import/no-unresolved: off
       import/no-nodejs-modules: off
-      import/no-commonjs: off
       no-console: off
       no-await-in-loop: off
   - files: 'resources/**'
@@ -730,3 +731,6 @@ overrides:
       # Ignore docusarus related webpack aliases
       import/no-unresolved:
         ['error', { 'ignore': ['^@theme', '^@docusaurus', '^@generated'] }]
+  - files: 'benchmark/benchmark.js'
+    parserOptions:
+      sourceType: script
diff --git a/benchmark/benchmark.js b/benchmark/benchmark.js
index 9288d1f273..1475d69da0 100644
--- a/benchmark/benchmark.js
+++ b/benchmark/benchmark.js
@@ -58,12 +58,21 @@ function prepareBenchmarkProjects(revisionList) {
       path.join(projectPath, 'package.json'),
       '{ "private": true }',
     );
-    exec(
-      'npm --quiet install --ignore-scripts ' + prepareNPMPackage(revision),
-      { cwd: projectPath },
-    );
     exec(`cp -R ${localDir('benchmark')} ${projectPath}`);
 
+    const packageJSON = {
+      private: true,
+      type: 'module',
+      dependencies: {
+        graphql: prepareNPMPackage(revision),
+      },
+    };
+    fs.writeFileSync(
+      path.join(projectPath, 'package.json'),
+      JSON.stringify(packageJSON, null, 2),
+    );
+    exec('npm --quiet install --ignore-scripts ', { cwd: projectPath });
+
     return { revision, projectPath };
   });
 
@@ -334,21 +343,21 @@ function grey(str) {
 
 function sampleModule(modulePath) {
   const sampleCode = `
-    const assert = require('assert');
-
+    import assert from 'assert';
     assert(global.gc);
     assert(process.send);
-    const module = require('${modulePath}');
 
-    clock(7, module.measure); // warm up
+    import { benchmark } from '${modulePath}';
+
+    clock(7, benchmark.measure); // warm up
     global.gc();
     process.nextTick(() => {
       const memBaseline = process.memoryUsage().heapUsed;
-      const clocked = clock(module.count, module.measure);
+      const clocked = clock(benchmark.count, benchmark.measure);
       process.send({
-        name: module.name,
-        clocked: clocked / module.count,
-        memUsed: (process.memoryUsage().heapUsed - memBaseline) / module.count,
+        name: benchmark.name,
+        clocked: clocked / benchmark.count,
+        memUsed: (process.memoryUsage().heapUsed - memBaseline) / benchmark.count,
       });
     });
 
@@ -369,6 +378,7 @@ function sampleModule(modulePath) {
         '--no-concurrent-sweeping',
         '--predictable',
         '--expose-gc',
+        '--input-type=module',
         '--eval',
         sampleCode,
       ],
diff --git a/benchmark/buildASTSchema-benchmark.js b/benchmark/buildASTSchema-benchmark.js
index b578d71a7f..10e0bcec33 100644
--- a/benchmark/buildASTSchema-benchmark.js
+++ b/benchmark/buildASTSchema-benchmark.js
@@ -1,13 +1,11 @@
-'use strict';
+import { parse } from 'graphql/language/parser.js';
+import { buildASTSchema } from 'graphql/utilities/buildASTSchema.js';
 
-const { parse } = require('graphql/language/parser.js');
-const { buildASTSchema } = require('graphql/utilities/buildASTSchema.js');
-
-const { bigSchemaSDL } = require('./fixtures.js');
+import { bigSchemaSDL } from './fixtures.js';
 
 const schemaAST = parse(bigSchemaSDL);
 
-module.exports = {
+export const benchmark = {
   name: 'Build Schema from AST',
   count: 10,
   measure() {
diff --git a/benchmark/buildClientSchema-benchmark.js b/benchmark/buildClientSchema-benchmark.js
index 240c9ca1f1..a3e8723726 100644
--- a/benchmark/buildClientSchema-benchmark.js
+++ b/benchmark/buildClientSchema-benchmark.js
@@ -1,10 +1,8 @@
-'use strict';
+import { buildClientSchema } from 'graphql/utilities/buildClientSchema.js';
 
-const { buildClientSchema } = require('graphql/utilities/buildClientSchema.js');
+import { bigSchemaIntrospectionResult } from './fixtures.js';
 
-const { bigSchemaIntrospectionResult } = require('./fixtures.js');
-
-module.exports = {
+export const benchmark = {
   name: 'Build Schema from Introspection',
   count: 10,
   measure() {
diff --git a/benchmark/fixtures.js b/benchmark/fixtures.js
index d057a80526..c4a080713a 100644
--- a/benchmark/fixtures.js
+++ b/benchmark/fixtures.js
@@ -1,13 +1,10 @@
-'use strict';
+import fs from 'fs';
 
-const fs = require('fs');
-const path = require('path');
-
-exports.bigSchemaSDL = fs.readFileSync(
-  path.join(__dirname, 'github-schema.graphql'),
+export const bigSchemaSDL = fs.readFileSync(
+  new URL('github-schema.graphql', import.meta.url),
   'utf8',
 );
 
-exports.bigSchemaIntrospectionResult = JSON.parse(
-  fs.readFileSync(path.join(__dirname, 'github-schema.json'), 'utf8'),
+export const bigSchemaIntrospectionResult = JSON.parse(
+  fs.readFileSync(new URL('github-schema.json', import.meta.url), 'utf8'),
 );
diff --git a/benchmark/introspectionFromSchema-benchmark.js b/benchmark/introspectionFromSchema-benchmark.js
index 125ca9c367..d5100e267b 100644
--- a/benchmark/introspectionFromSchema-benchmark.js
+++ b/benchmark/introspectionFromSchema-benchmark.js
@@ -1,20 +1,16 @@
-'use strict';
+import { executeSync } from 'graphql/execution/execute.js';
+import { parse } from 'graphql/language/parser.js';
+import { buildSchema } from 'graphql/utilities/buildASTSchema.js';
+import { getIntrospectionQuery } from 'graphql/utilities/getIntrospectionQuery.js';
 
-const { parse } = require('graphql/language/parser.js');
-const { executeSync } = require('graphql/execution/execute.js');
-const { buildSchema } = require('graphql/utilities/buildASTSchema.js');
-const {
-  getIntrospectionQuery,
-} = require('graphql/utilities/getIntrospectionQuery.js');
-
-const { bigSchemaSDL } = require('./fixtures.js');
+import { bigSchemaSDL } from './fixtures.js';
 
 const schema = buildSchema(bigSchemaSDL, { assumeValid: true });
 const document = parse(getIntrospectionQuery());
 
-module.exports = {
+export const benchmark = {
   name: 'Execute Introspection Query',
-  count: 10,
+  count: 30,
   measure() {
     executeSync({ schema, document });
   },
diff --git a/benchmark/parser-benchmark.js b/benchmark/parser-benchmark.js
index 7f2e7931eb..5a2bfd39da 100644
--- a/benchmark/parser-benchmark.js
+++ b/benchmark/parser-benchmark.js
@@ -1,13 +1,9 @@
-'use strict';
-
-const { parse } = require('graphql/language/parser.js');
-const {
-  getIntrospectionQuery,
-} = require('graphql/utilities/getIntrospectionQuery.js');
+import { parse } from 'graphql/language/parser.js';
+import { getIntrospectionQuery } from 'graphql/utilities/getIntrospectionQuery.js';
 
 const introspectionQuery = getIntrospectionQuery();
 
-module.exports = {
+export const benchmark = {
   name: 'Parse introspection query',
   count: 1000,
   measure() {
diff --git a/benchmark/validateGQL-benchmark.js b/benchmark/validateGQL-benchmark.js
index cc60a7ade0..6bce5032c8 100644
--- a/benchmark/validateGQL-benchmark.js
+++ b/benchmark/validateGQL-benchmark.js
@@ -1,18 +1,14 @@
-'use strict';
+import { parse } from 'graphql/language/parser.js';
+import { buildSchema } from 'graphql/utilities/buildASTSchema.js';
+import { getIntrospectionQuery } from 'graphql/utilities/getIntrospectionQuery.js';
+import { validate } from 'graphql/validation/validate.js';
 
-const { parse } = require('graphql/language/parser.js');
-const { validate } = require('graphql/validation/validate.js');
-const { buildSchema } = require('graphql/utilities/buildASTSchema.js');
-const {
-  getIntrospectionQuery,
-} = require('graphql/utilities/getIntrospectionQuery.js');
-
-const { bigSchemaSDL } = require('./fixtures.js');
+import { bigSchemaSDL } from './fixtures.js';
 
 const schema = buildSchema(bigSchemaSDL, { assumeValid: true });
 const queryAST = parse(getIntrospectionQuery());
 
-module.exports = {
+export const benchmark = {
   name: 'Validate Introspection Query',
   count: 50,
   measure() {
diff --git a/benchmark/validateInvalidGQL-benchmark.js b/benchmark/validateInvalidGQL-benchmark.js
index 1e44b48914..68666c9211 100644
--- a/benchmark/validateInvalidGQL-benchmark.js
+++ b/benchmark/validateInvalidGQL-benchmark.js
@@ -1,10 +1,8 @@
-'use strict';
+import { parse } from 'graphql/language/parser.js';
+import { buildSchema } from 'graphql/utilities/buildASTSchema.js';
+import { validate } from 'graphql/validation/validate.js';
 
-const { parse } = require('graphql/language/parser.js');
-const { validate } = require('graphql/validation/validate.js');
-const { buildSchema } = require('graphql/utilities/buildASTSchema.js');
-
-const { bigSchemaSDL } = require('./fixtures.js');
+import { bigSchemaSDL } from './fixtures.js';
 
 const schema = buildSchema(bigSchemaSDL, { assumeValid: true });
 const queryAST = parse(`
@@ -21,7 +19,7 @@ const queryAST = parse(`
   }
 `);
 
-module.exports = {
+export const benchmark = {
   name: 'Validate Invalid Query',
   count: 50,
   measure() {
diff --git a/benchmark/validateSDL-benchmark.js b/benchmark/validateSDL-benchmark.js
index 93c80bbc56..75466ee83d 100644
--- a/benchmark/validateSDL-benchmark.js
+++ b/benchmark/validateSDL-benchmark.js
@@ -1,13 +1,11 @@
-'use strict';
+import { parse } from 'graphql/language/parser.js';
+import { validateSDL } from 'graphql/validation/validate.js';
 
-const { parse } = require('graphql/language/parser.js');
-const { validateSDL } = require('graphql/validation/validate.js');
-
-const { bigSchemaSDL } = require('./fixtures.js');
+import { bigSchemaSDL } from './fixtures.js';
 
 const sdlAST = parse(bigSchemaSDL);
 
-module.exports = {
+export const benchmark = {
   name: 'Validate SDL Document',
   count: 10,
   measure() {
diff --git a/benchmark/visit-benchmark.js b/benchmark/visit-benchmark.js
index ab6a2baac2..528f7c6981 100644
--- a/benchmark/visit-benchmark.js
+++ b/benchmark/visit-benchmark.js
@@ -1,9 +1,7 @@
-'use strict';
+import { parse } from 'graphql/language/parser.js';
+import { visit } from 'graphql/language/visitor.js';
 
-const { parse } = require('graphql/language/parser.js');
-const { visit } = require('graphql/language/visitor.js');
-
-const { bigSchemaSDL } = require('./fixtures.js');
+import { bigSchemaSDL } from './fixtures.js';
 
 const documentAST = parse(bigSchemaSDL);
 
@@ -16,7 +14,7 @@ const visitor = {
   },
 };
 
-module.exports = {
+export const benchmark = {
   name: 'Visit all AST nodes',
   count: 10,
   measure() {
diff --git a/benchmark/visitInParallel-benchmark.js b/benchmark/visitInParallel-benchmark.js
index cd835dd19c..dc4cfb42ca 100644
--- a/benchmark/visitInParallel-benchmark.js
+++ b/benchmark/visitInParallel-benchmark.js
@@ -1,9 +1,7 @@
-'use strict';
+import { parse } from 'graphql/language/parser.js';
+import { visit, visitInParallel } from 'graphql/language/visitor.js';
 
-const { parse } = require('graphql/language/parser.js');
-const { visit, visitInParallel } = require('graphql/language/visitor.js');
-
-const { bigSchemaSDL } = require('./fixtures.js');
+import { bigSchemaSDL } from './fixtures.js';
 
 const documentAST = parse(bigSchemaSDL);
 
@@ -16,7 +14,7 @@ const visitors = new Array(50).fill({
   },
 });
 
-module.exports = {
+export const benchmark = {
   name: 'Visit all AST nodes in parallel',
   count: 10,
   measure() {
diff --git a/integrationTests/node/index.js b/integrationTests/node/index.js
index 4815fe52e4..3b39900906 100644
--- a/integrationTests/node/index.js
+++ b/integrationTests/node/index.js
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
-'use strict';
+/* eslint-disable simple-import-sort/imports */
+import assert from 'assert';
+import { readFileSync } from 'fs';
 
-const assert = require('assert');
-const { readFileSync } = require('fs');
-
-const { version, graphqlSync } = require('graphql');
-const { buildSchema } = require('graphql/utilities');
+import { graphqlSync } from 'graphql';
+import { buildSchema } from 'graphql/utilities';
+import { version } from 'graphql/version';
 
 assert.deepStrictEqual(
   version,
diff --git a/integrationTests/node/package.json b/integrationTests/node/package.json
index e4e8d36d97..2d2665ed9a 100644
--- a/integrationTests/node/package.json
+++ b/integrationTests/node/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 {
   "private": true,
   "description": "graphql-js should work on all supported node versions",
+  "type": "module",
   "scripts": {
     "test": "node test.js"
   },
diff --git a/integrationTests/node/test.js b/integrationTests/node/test.js
index 3f9ea8d35e..e3e55bb745 100644
--- a/integrationTests/node/test.js
+++ b/integrationTests/node/test.js
@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
-'use strict';
+import childProcess from 'child_process';
+import fs from 'fs';
 
-const childProcess = require('child_process');
-
-const graphqlPackageJSON = require('graphql/package.json');
+const graphqlPackageJSON = JSON.parse(
+  fs.readFileSync('./node_modules/graphql/package.json', 'utf-8'),
+);
 
 const nodeVersions = graphqlPackageJSON.engines.node
   .split(' || ')
diff --git a/integrationTests/ts/package.json b/integrationTests/ts/package.json
index 51f768dad6..6a02fd76af 100644
--- a/integrationTests/ts/package.json
+++ b/integrationTests/ts/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 {
   "private": true,
   "description": "graphql-js should compile with all supported TS versions",
+  "type": "module",
   "scripts": {
     "test": "node test.js"
   },
diff --git a/integrationTests/ts/test.js b/integrationTests/ts/test.js
index b328fe160b..0d0fb81cbc 100644
--- a/integrationTests/ts/test.js
+++ b/integrationTests/ts/test.js
@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
-'use strict';
+import childProcess from 'child_process';
+import fs from 'fs';
+import path from 'path';
 
-const path = require('path');
-const childProcess = require('child_process');
-
-const { dependencies } = require('./package.json');
+const { dependencies } = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync('./package.json', 'utf-8'));
 
 const tsVersions = Object.keys(dependencies)
   .filter((pkg) => pkg.startsWith('typescript-'))
@@ -15,5 +14,5 @@ for (const version of tsVersions) {
 }
 
 function tscPath(version) {
-  return path.join(__dirname, 'node_modules', version, 'bin/tsc');
+  return path.join('node_modules', version, 'bin', 'tsc');
 }
diff --git a/integrationTests/webpack/entry.js b/integrationTests/webpack/entry.js
index 8f51030c5d..5254922cbf 100644
--- a/integrationTests/webpack/entry.js
+++ b/integrationTests/webpack/entry.js
@@ -1,13 +1,9 @@
-'use strict';
-
-const { buildSchema, graphqlSync } = require('graphql');
+import { buildSchema, graphqlSync } from 'graphql';
 
 const schema = buildSchema('type Query { hello: String }');
 
-const result = graphqlSync({
+export const result = graphqlSync({
   schema,
   source: '{ hello }',
   rootValue: { hello: 'world' },
 });
-
-module.exports = { result };
diff --git a/integrationTests/webpack/package.json b/integrationTests/webpack/package.json
index aec7a21afb..74a2502ff7 100644
--- a/integrationTests/webpack/package.json
+++ b/integrationTests/webpack/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 {
   "private": true,
   "description": "graphql-js should be compatible with Webpack",
+  "type": "module",
   "scripts": {
     "test": "webpack && node test.js"
   },
diff --git a/integrationTests/webpack/test.js b/integrationTests/webpack/test.js
index 40c22233d4..b3b19410cf 100644
--- a/integrationTests/webpack/test.js
+++ b/integrationTests/webpack/test.js
@@ -1,11 +1,9 @@
-'use strict';
+import assert from 'assert';
 
-const assert = require('assert');
+// eslint-disable-next-line import/no-unresolved, node/no-missing-import
+import mainCJS from './dist/main.cjs';
 
-// eslint-disable-next-line node/no-missing-require
-const { result } = require('./dist/main.js');
-
-assert.deepStrictEqual(result, {
+assert.deepStrictEqual(mainCJS.result, {
   data: {
     __proto__: null,
     hello: 'world',
diff --git a/integrationTests/webpack/webpack.config.json b/integrationTests/webpack/webpack.config.json
index 830b2bd52d..4d3276186c 100644
--- a/integrationTests/webpack/webpack.config.json
+++ b/integrationTests/webpack/webpack.config.json
@@ -2,6 +2,9 @@
   "mode": "production",
   "entry": "./entry.js",
   "output": {
-    "libraryTarget": "commonjs2"
+    "filename": "main.cjs",
+    "library": {
+      "type": "commonjs2"
+    }
   }
 }
diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index 7b90fe1d97..df0e4caaf1 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -4,8 +4,6 @@
   "description": "A Query Language and Runtime which can target any service.",
   "license": "MIT",
   "private": true,
-  "main": "index",
-  "module": "index.mjs",
   "typesVersions": {
     ">=4.4.0": {
       "*": [
diff --git a/resources/build-npm.js b/resources/build-npm.js
index 7ff0cf079c..d20352dc8f 100644
--- a/resources/build-npm.js
+++ b/resources/build-npm.js
@@ -20,17 +20,25 @@ if (require.main === module) {
   const packageJSON = buildPackageJSON();
 
   const srcFiles = readdirRecursive('./src', { ignoreDir: /^__.*__$/ });
-  for (const filepath of srcFiles) {
-    const srcPath = path.join('./src', filepath);
-    const destPath = path.join('./npmDist', filepath);
+  for (const srcFilePath of srcFiles) {
+    if (srcFilePath.endsWith('.ts')) {
+      const destFilePath = srcFilePath.replace(/\.ts$/, '.js');
 
-    fs.mkdirSync(path.dirname(destPath), { recursive: true });
-    if (filepath.endsWith('.ts')) {
-      const cjs = babelBuild(srcPath, { envName: 'cjs' });
-      writeGeneratedFile(destPath.replace(/\.ts$/, '.js'), cjs);
+      const srcPath = path.join('./src', srcFilePath);
+      const destPath = path.join('./npmDist', destFilePath);
 
-      const mjs = babelBuild(srcPath, { envName: 'mjs' });
-      writeGeneratedFile(destPath.replace(/\.ts$/, '.mjs'), mjs);
+      fs.mkdirSync(path.dirname(destPath), { recursive: true });
+
+      const { code } = babel.transformFileSync(srcPath, {
+        babelrc: false,
+        configFile: './.babelrc-npm.json',
+      });
+      writeGeneratedFile(destPath, code + '\n');
+
+      if (path.basename(destFilePath) === 'index.js') {
+        const key = destFilePath.replace(/\/index.js$/, '');
+        packageJSON.exports[key] = destFilePath;
+      }
     }
   }
 
@@ -89,15 +97,6 @@ if (require.main === module) {
   showDirStats('./npmDist');
 }
 
-function babelBuild(srcPath, options) {
-  const { code } = babel.transformFileSync(srcPath, {
-    babelrc: false,
-    configFile: './.babelrc-npm.json',
-    ...options,
-  });
-  return code + '\n';
-}
-
 function buildPackageJSON() {
   const packageJSON = JSON.parse(
     fs.readFileSync(require.resolve('../package.json'), 'utf-8'),
@@ -107,6 +106,13 @@ function buildPackageJSON() {
   delete packageJSON.scripts;
   delete packageJSON.devDependencies;
 
+  packageJSON.type = 'module';
+  // Temporary workaround to allow "internal" imports, no grantees provided
+  packageJSON.exports = {
+    './*.js': './*.js',
+    './*': './*.js',
+  };
+
   // TODO: move to integration tests
   const publishTag = packageJSON.publishConfig?.tag;
   assert(publishTag != null, 'Should have packageJSON.publishConfig defined!');
diff --git a/resources/utils.js b/resources/utils.js
index 37cd83e801..aa4be2c1ce 100644
--- a/resources/utils.js
+++ b/resources/utils.js
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ function readdirRecursive(dirPath, opts = {}) {
     );
     result.push(...list);
   }
-  return result;
+  return result.map((filepath) => './' + filepath);
 }
 
 function showDirStats(dirPath) {