State Machines in Python - Part 2.ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# State Machines in Python - Part 2\n",
    "\n",
    "In this part, we have a closer look at a (simple) user interface to control our state machine, and discover more features of STMPY."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "from stmpy import Machine, Driver\n",
    "\n",
    "import ipywidgets as widgets\n",
    "from IPython.display import display"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "<img 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\" style=\"max-width:100%;\" />"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Signal Light\n",
    "\n",
    "We create a blinking light. As basis, we use the code below that offers a simple user interface in Python Notebooks. \n",
    "\n",
    "Have a look at the class below. It displays an image and two buttons. In addition, it prepares the action we need for the state machine."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "class SignalLight:\n",
    "    \n",
    "    def on_button_switch(self, b):\n",
    "        self.stm.send_signal('switch') # <---- here we send a signal\n",
    "        \n",
    "    def on_button_terminate(self, b):\n",
    "        self.stm.driver.stop() # <---- here we stop the driver\n",
    "    \n",
    "    def __init__(self):\n",
    "        # load images and store them\n",
    "        self.yellow_on = open(\"images/yellow_on.png\", \"rb\").read()\n",
    "        self.yellow_off = open(\"images/yellow_off.png\", \"rb\").read()\n",
    "        \n",
    "        # display the user interface\n",
    "        # a button\n",
    "        self.button_switch = widgets.Button(description=\"Send Signal 'switch'\")\n",
    "        self.button_switch.on_click(self.on_button_switch)\n",
    "        # another button\n",
    "        self.button_terminate = widgets.Button(description=\"Stop the Driver\")\n",
    "        self.button_terminate.on_click(self.on_button_terminate)\n",
    "        # an image of a yellow light\n",
    "        self.yellow = widgets.Image(value=self.yellow_off, format='png', width=50, height=50)\n",
    "        # display everything\n",
    "        display(self.yellow, self.button_switch, self.button_terminate)\n",
    "        \n",
    "    def turn_yellow_on(self):\n",
    "        # switch on the yellow light\n",
    "        self.yellow.set_trait(name='value', value=self.yellow_on)\n",
    "        \n",
    "    def turn_yellow_off(self):\n",
    "        # switch off the yellow light\n",
    "        self.yellow.set_trait(name='value', value=self.yellow_off)\n",
    "        \n",
    "    def start_timer(self):\n",
    "        # start the timer\n",
    "        self.stm.start_timer('t', 1000)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "We declare the state machine using three transitions. As you can see, the effects on the transitions can refer to several methods, separated with a `;`.\n",
    "\n",
    "Run the cell below. You should see a blinking light. It stops when you click on the `Stop the Driver` button. To restart it, just run the cell again."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "signal = SignalLight()\n",
    "\n",
    "t0 = {'source': 'initial',\n",
    "      'effect': 'start_timer',\n",
    "      'target': 'off'}\n",
    "t1 = {'trigger':'t',\n",
    "      'source':'off',\n",
    "      'target':'on',\n",
    "      'effect':'turn_yellow_on; start_timer'}\n",
    "t2 = {'trigger':'t', \n",
    "      'source':'on', \n",
    "      'target':'off', \n",
    "      'effect':'turn_yellow_off; start_timer'}\n",
    "\n",
    "machine = Machine(name='signal', transitions=[t0, t1, t2], obj=signal)\n",
    "signal.stm = machine\n",
    "\n",
    "driver = Driver()\n",
    "driver.add_machine(machine)\n",
    "driver.start()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Sending Signals\n",
    "\n",
    "So far, the state machines were controlled by timers. We can also trigger the state machine by signals. The signals can come from different sources --- hardware, software interrrupts, received messages, or, as here, clicks on a user interfaces.\n",
    "\n",
    "The button `Send Signal switch` was not yet used in the example. Have a look again at the SignalLight class. When this button is pressed, a signal `switch` is sent to the state machine. (Actually, its driver.) We can usew this signal to trigger the transition, so we have a manual signal light.\n",
    "\n",
    "Execute the cell below. Nothing should happen, until you press the button `Send Signal switch`."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "signal_2 = SignalLight()\n",
    "\n",
    "t0 = {'source': 'initial',\n",
    "      'target': 'off'}\n",
    "t1 = {'trigger':'switch',\n",
    "      'source':'off',\n",
    "      'target':'on',\n",
    "      'effect':'turn_yellow_on'}\n",
    "t2 = {'trigger':'switch', \n",
    "      'source':'on', \n",
    "      'target':'off', \n",
    "      'effect':'turn_yellow_off'}\n",
    "\n",
    "machine_2 = Machine(name='signal_2', transitions=[t0, t1, t2], obj=signal_2)\n",
    "signal_2.stm = machine_2\n",
    "\n",
    "driver_2 = Driver()\n",
    "driver_2.add_machine(machine_2)\n",
    "driver_2.start()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "source": [
    "If you press the `Stop the Driver` button, the driver will stop and your signals will not be forwarded to the state machine anymore. Restart the cell to start over again."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  }
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