diff --git a/test/.eslintrc b/test/.eslintrc
index 90bf5f6d88d4e5..5e73630174e75e 100644
--- a/test/.eslintrc
+++ b/test/.eslintrc
@@ -3,4 +3,5 @@
 rules:
   ## common module is mandatory in tests
   required-modules: [2, common]
+  prefer-assert-iferror: 2
   prefer-assert-methods: 2
diff --git a/test/parallel/test-crypto-pbkdf2.js b/test/parallel/test-crypto-pbkdf2.js
index 20ea5c7298199a..9bac769a5cab83 100644
--- a/test/parallel/test-crypto-pbkdf2.js
+++ b/test/parallel/test-crypto-pbkdf2.js
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ assert.strictEqual(key.toString('hex'), expected);
 
 crypto.pbkdf2('password', 'salt', 32, 32, 'sha256', common.mustCall(ondone));
 function ondone(err, key) {
-  if (err) throw err;
+  assert.ifError(err);
   assert.strictEqual(key.toString('hex'), expected);
 }
 
diff --git a/test/parallel/test-fs-long-path.js b/test/parallel/test-fs-long-path.js
index 63b00118217288..dd091ae1b1a94c 100644
--- a/test/parallel/test-fs-long-path.js
+++ b/test/parallel/test-fs-long-path.js
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 const common = require('../common');
 const fs = require('fs');
 const path = require('path');
+const assert = require('assert');
 
 if (!common.isWindows) {
   common.skip('this test is Windows-specific.');
@@ -21,10 +22,10 @@ console.log({
 });
 
 fs.writeFile(fullPath, 'ok', common.mustCall(function(err) {
-  if (err) throw err;
+  assert.ifError(err);
 
   fs.stat(fullPath, common.mustCall(function(err, stats) {
-    if (err) throw err;
+    assert.ifError(err);
   }));
 }));
 
diff --git a/test/parallel/test-fs-readfile-pipe.js b/test/parallel/test-fs-readfile-pipe.js
index 91465a261c8f96..566dbbe4c84929 100644
--- a/test/parallel/test-fs-readfile-pipe.js
+++ b/test/parallel/test-fs-readfile-pipe.js
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ const dataExpected = fs.readFileSync(__filename, 'utf8');
 
 if (process.argv[2] === 'child') {
   fs.readFile('/dev/stdin', function(er, data) {
-    if (er) throw er;
+    assert.ifError(er);
     process.stdout.write(data);
   });
   return;
diff --git a/test/parallel/test-fs-symlink-dir-junction-relative.js b/test/parallel/test-fs-symlink-dir-junction-relative.js
index 814b0c678eb3ef..166894c97ed846 100644
--- a/test/parallel/test-fs-symlink-dir-junction-relative.js
+++ b/test/parallel/test-fs-symlink-dir-junction-relative.js
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ common.refreshTmpDir();
 
 // Test fs.symlink()
 fs.symlink(linkData, linkPath1, 'junction', common.mustCall(function(err) {
-  if (err) throw err;
+  assert.ifError(err);
   verifyLink(linkPath1);
 }));
 
diff --git a/test/parallel/test-fs-symlink-dir-junction.js b/test/parallel/test-fs-symlink-dir-junction.js
index 58ddb7ca38ae1c..ed0430b947ba0c 100644
--- a/test/parallel/test-fs-symlink-dir-junction.js
+++ b/test/parallel/test-fs-symlink-dir-junction.js
@@ -14,18 +14,18 @@ console.log('linkData: ' + linkData);
 console.log('linkPath: ' + linkPath);
 
 fs.symlink(linkData, linkPath, 'junction', common.mustCall(function(err) {
-  if (err) throw err;
+  assert.ifError(err);
 
   fs.lstat(linkPath, common.mustCall(function(err, stats) {
-    if (err) throw err;
+    assert.ifError(err);
     assert.ok(stats.isSymbolicLink());
 
     fs.readlink(linkPath, common.mustCall(function(err, destination) {
-      if (err) throw err;
+      assert.ifError(err);
       assert.strictEqual(destination, linkData);
 
       fs.unlink(linkPath, common.mustCall(function(err) {
-        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.ifError(err);
         assert(!common.fileExists(linkPath));
         assert(common.fileExists(linkData));
       }));
diff --git a/test/parallel/test-preload.js b/test/parallel/test-preload.js
index bf3c4a09cf5600..3413a2a6dc69c8 100644
--- a/test/parallel/test-preload.js
+++ b/test/parallel/test-preload.js
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ const fixtureThrows = fixture('throws_error4.js');
 // test preloading a single module works
 childProcess.exec(nodeBinary + ' ' + preloadOption([fixtureA]) + ' ' + fixtureB,
                   function(err, stdout, stderr) {
-                    if (err) throw err;
+                    assert.ifError(err);
                     assert.strictEqual(stdout, 'A\nB\n');
                   });
 
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ childProcess.exec(nodeBinary + ' ' + preloadOption([fixtureA]) + ' ' + fixtureB,
 childProcess.exec(
   nodeBinary + ' ' + preloadOption([fixtureA, fixtureB]) + ' ' + fixtureC,
   function(err, stdout, stderr) {
-    if (err) throw err;
+    assert.ifError(err);
     assert.strictEqual(stdout, 'A\nB\nC\n');
   }
 );
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ childProcess.exec(
 childProcess.exec(
   nodeBinary + ' ' + preloadOption([fixtureA]) + '-e "console.log(\'hello\');"',
   function(err, stdout, stderr) {
-    if (err) throw err;
+    assert.ifError(err);
     assert.strictEqual(stdout, 'A\nhello\n');
   }
 );
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ childProcess.exec(
   nodeBinary + ' ' + preloadOption([fixtureA]) +
     '-e "console.log(\'hello\');" ' + preloadOption([fixtureA, fixtureB]),
   function(err, stdout, stderr) {
-    if (err) throw err;
+    assert.ifError(err);
     assert.strictEqual(stdout, 'A\nB\nhello\n');
   }
 );
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ childProcess.exec(
   nodeBinary + ' ' + '--require ' + fixture('cluster-preload.js') + ' ' +
     fixture('cluster-preload-test.js'),
   function(err, stdout, stderr) {
-    if (err) throw err;
+    assert.ifError(err);
     assert.ok(/worker terminated with code 43/.test(stdout));
   }
 );
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ childProcess.exec(
   nodeBinary + ' ' + '--expose_debug_as=v8debug ' + '--require ' +
     fixture('cluster-preload.js') + ' ' + 'cluster-preload-test.js',
   function(err, stdout, stderr) {
-    if (err) throw err;
+    assert.ifError(err);
     assert.ok(/worker terminated with code 43/.test(stdout));
   }
 );
diff --git a/test/pummel/test-regress-GH-814.js b/test/pummel/test-regress-GH-814.js
index 4633844ee1b65a..4c890e1705acc3 100644
--- a/test/pummel/test-regress-GH-814.js
+++ b/test/pummel/test-regress-GH-814.js
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 // Flags: --expose_gc
 
 const common = require('../common');
+const assert = require('assert');
 
 function newBuffer(size, value) {
   var buffer = Buffer.allocUnsafe(size);
@@ -59,7 +60,5 @@ var timeToQuit = Date.now() + 8e3; //Test during no more than this seconds.
 
 
 function cb(err, written) {
-  if (err) {
-    throw err;
-  }
+  assert.ifError(err);
 }
diff --git a/test/pummel/test-regress-GH-814_2.js b/test/pummel/test-regress-GH-814_2.js
index 31c18529856da9..afba742e60bb7d 100644
--- a/test/pummel/test-regress-GH-814_2.js
+++ b/test/pummel/test-regress-GH-814_2.js
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 // Flags: --expose_gc
 
 const common = require('../common');
+const assert = require('assert');
 
 const fs = require('fs');
 const testFileName = require('path').join(common.tmpDir, 'GH-814_test.txt');
@@ -64,9 +65,7 @@ function writer() {
 
 function writerCB(err, written) {
   //console.error('cb.');
-  if (err) {
-    throw err;
-  }
+  assert.ifError(err);
 }
 
 
diff --git a/tools/eslint-rules/prefer-assert-iferror.js b/tools/eslint-rules/prefer-assert-iferror.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..0da272d5f670e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/eslint-rules/prefer-assert-iferror.js
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+/**
+ * @fileoverview Prohibit the `if (err) throw err;` pattern
+ * @author Teddy Katz
+ */
+
+'use strict';
+
+module.exports = {
+  create(context) {
+    const sourceCode = context.getSourceCode();
+
+    function hasSameTokens(nodeA, nodeB) {
+      const aTokens = sourceCode.getTokens(nodeA);
+      const bTokens = sourceCode.getTokens(nodeB);
+
+      return aTokens.length === bTokens.length &&
+        aTokens.every((token, index) => {
+          return token.type === bTokens[index].type &&
+            token.value === bTokens[index].value;
+        });
+    }
+
+    return {
+      IfStatement(node) {
+        const firstStatement = node.consequent.type === 'BlockStatement' ?
+          node.consequent.body[0] :
+          node.consequent;
+        if (
+          firstStatement &&
+          firstStatement.type === 'ThrowStatement' &&
+          hasSameTokens(node.test, firstStatement.argument)
+        ) {
+          context.report({
+            node: firstStatement,
+            message: 'Use assert.ifError({{argument}}) instead.',
+            data: {argument: sourceCode.getText(node.test)}
+          });
+        }
+      }
+    };
+  }
+};