diff --git a/x-pack/plugins/ingest_manager/common/constants/routes.ts b/x-pack/plugins/ingest_manager/common/constants/routes.ts
index 7c3b5a198571c9..94265c3920922c 100644
--- a/x-pack/plugins/ingest_manager/common/constants/routes.ts
+++ b/x-pack/plugins/ingest_manager/common/constants/routes.ts
@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@ export const PACKAGE_CONFIG_API_ROOT = `${API_ROOT}/package_configs`;
 export const AGENT_CONFIG_API_ROOT = `${API_ROOT}/agent_configs`;
 export const FLEET_API_ROOT = `${API_ROOT}/fleet`;
 
+export const LIMITED_CONCURRENCY_ROUTE_TAG = 'ingest:limited-concurrency';
+
 // EPM API routes
 const EPM_PACKAGES_MANY = `${EPM_API_ROOT}/packages`;
 const EPM_PACKAGES_ONE = `${EPM_PACKAGES_MANY}/{pkgkey}`;
diff --git a/x-pack/plugins/ingest_manager/common/types/index.ts b/x-pack/plugins/ingest_manager/common/types/index.ts
index 0fce5cfa6226ff..d7edc04a357996 100644
--- a/x-pack/plugins/ingest_manager/common/types/index.ts
+++ b/x-pack/plugins/ingest_manager/common/types/index.ts
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ export interface IngestManagerConfigType {
     enabled: boolean;
     tlsCheckDisabled: boolean;
     pollingRequestTimeout: number;
+    maxConcurrentConnections: number;
     kibana: {
       host?: string;
       ca_sha256?: string;
diff --git a/x-pack/plugins/ingest_manager/server/constants/index.ts b/x-pack/plugins/ingest_manager/server/constants/index.ts
index d3c074ff2e8d0e..ce81736f2e84f1 100644
--- a/x-pack/plugins/ingest_manager/server/constants/index.ts
+++ b/x-pack/plugins/ingest_manager/server/constants/index.ts
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ export {
   AGENT_UPDATE_ACTIONS_INTERVAL_MS,
   INDEX_PATTERN_PLACEHOLDER_SUFFIX,
   // Routes
+  LIMITED_CONCURRENCY_ROUTE_TAG,
   PLUGIN_ID,
   EPM_API_ROUTES,
   DATA_STREAM_API_ROUTES,
diff --git a/x-pack/plugins/ingest_manager/server/index.ts b/x-pack/plugins/ingest_manager/server/index.ts
index 16c0b6449d1e86..6c72218abc5311 100644
--- a/x-pack/plugins/ingest_manager/server/index.ts
+++ b/x-pack/plugins/ingest_manager/server/index.ts
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ export const config = {
       enabled: schema.boolean({ defaultValue: true }),
       tlsCheckDisabled: schema.boolean({ defaultValue: false }),
       pollingRequestTimeout: schema.number({ defaultValue: 60000 }),
+      maxConcurrentConnections: schema.number({ defaultValue: 0 }),
       kibana: schema.object({
         host: schema.maybe(schema.string()),
         ca_sha256: schema.maybe(schema.string()),
diff --git a/x-pack/plugins/ingest_manager/server/plugin.ts b/x-pack/plugins/ingest_manager/server/plugin.ts
index e32533dc907b90..69af475886bb92 100644
--- a/x-pack/plugins/ingest_manager/server/plugin.ts
+++ b/x-pack/plugins/ingest_manager/server/plugin.ts
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ import {
 } from './constants';
 import { registerSavedObjects, registerEncryptedSavedObjects } from './saved_objects';
 import {
+  registerLimitedConcurrencyRoutes,
   registerEPMRoutes,
   registerPackageConfigRoutes,
   registerDataStreamRoutes,
@@ -228,6 +229,9 @@ export class IngestManagerPlugin
             );
           }
         } else {
+          // we currently only use this global interceptor if fleet is enabled
+          // since it would run this func on *every* req (other plugins, CSS, etc)
+          registerLimitedConcurrencyRoutes(core, config);
           registerAgentRoutes(router);
           registerEnrollmentApiKeyRoutes(router);
           registerInstallScriptRoutes({
diff --git a/x-pack/plugins/ingest_manager/server/routes/agent/index.ts b/x-pack/plugins/ingest_manager/server/routes/agent/index.ts
index d7eec50eac3cfb..b85d96186f2338 100644
--- a/x-pack/plugins/ingest_manager/server/routes/agent/index.ts
+++ b/x-pack/plugins/ingest_manager/server/routes/agent/index.ts
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
  */
 
 import { IRouter } from 'src/core/server';
-import { PLUGIN_ID, AGENT_API_ROUTES } from '../../constants';
+import { PLUGIN_ID, AGENT_API_ROUTES, LIMITED_CONCURRENCY_ROUTE_TAG } from '../../constants';
 import {
   GetAgentsRequestSchema,
   GetOneAgentRequestSchema,
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ export const registerRoutes = (router: IRouter) => {
     {
       path: AGENT_API_ROUTES.ENROLL_PATTERN,
       validate: PostAgentEnrollRequestSchema,
-      options: { tags: [] },
+      options: { tags: [LIMITED_CONCURRENCY_ROUTE_TAG] },
     },
     postAgentEnrollHandler
   );
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ export const registerRoutes = (router: IRouter) => {
     {
       path: AGENT_API_ROUTES.ACKS_PATTERN,
       validate: PostAgentAcksRequestSchema,
-      options: { tags: [] },
+      options: { tags: [LIMITED_CONCURRENCY_ROUTE_TAG] },
     },
     postAgentAcksHandlerBuilder({
       acknowledgeAgentActions: AgentService.acknowledgeAgentActions,
diff --git a/x-pack/plugins/ingest_manager/server/routes/index.ts b/x-pack/plugins/ingest_manager/server/routes/index.ts
index f6b4439d8bef15..87be3a80cea963 100644
--- a/x-pack/plugins/ingest_manager/server/routes/index.ts
+++ b/x-pack/plugins/ingest_manager/server/routes/index.ts
@@ -14,3 +14,4 @@ export { registerRoutes as registerInstallScriptRoutes } from './install_script'
 export { registerRoutes as registerOutputRoutes } from './output';
 export { registerRoutes as registerSettingsRoutes } from './settings';
 export { registerRoutes as registerAppRoutes } from './app';
+export { registerLimitedConcurrencyRoutes } from './limited_concurrency';
diff --git a/x-pack/plugins/ingest_manager/server/routes/limited_concurrency.test.ts b/x-pack/plugins/ingest_manager/server/routes/limited_concurrency.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..a0bb8e9b86fbbf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/x-pack/plugins/ingest_manager/server/routes/limited_concurrency.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright Elasticsearch B.V. and/or licensed to Elasticsearch B.V. under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements. Licensed under the Elastic License;
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the Elastic License.
+ */
+
+import { coreMock } from 'src/core/server/mocks';
+import { registerLimitedConcurrencyRoutes } from './limited_concurrency';
+import { IngestManagerConfigType } from '../index';
+
+describe('registerLimitedConcurrencyRoutes', () => {
+  test(`doesn't call registerOnPreAuth if maxConcurrentConnections is 0`, async () => {
+    const mockSetup = coreMock.createSetup();
+    const mockConfig = { fleet: { maxConcurrentConnections: 0 } } as IngestManagerConfigType;
+    registerLimitedConcurrencyRoutes(mockSetup, mockConfig);
+
+    expect(mockSetup.http.registerOnPreAuth).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  test(`calls registerOnPreAuth once if maxConcurrentConnections is 1`, async () => {
+    const mockSetup = coreMock.createSetup();
+    const mockConfig = { fleet: { maxConcurrentConnections: 1 } } as IngestManagerConfigType;
+    registerLimitedConcurrencyRoutes(mockSetup, mockConfig);
+
+    expect(mockSetup.http.registerOnPreAuth).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+  });
+
+  test(`calls registerOnPreAuth once if maxConcurrentConnections is 1000`, async () => {
+    const mockSetup = coreMock.createSetup();
+    const mockConfig = { fleet: { maxConcurrentConnections: 1000 } } as IngestManagerConfigType;
+    registerLimitedConcurrencyRoutes(mockSetup, mockConfig);
+
+    expect(mockSetup.http.registerOnPreAuth).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/x-pack/plugins/ingest_manager/server/routes/limited_concurrency.ts b/x-pack/plugins/ingest_manager/server/routes/limited_concurrency.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..ec8e2f6c8d4361
--- /dev/null
+++ b/x-pack/plugins/ingest_manager/server/routes/limited_concurrency.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright Elasticsearch B.V. and/or licensed to Elasticsearch B.V. under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements. Licensed under the Elastic License;
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the Elastic License.
+ */
+
+import {
+  CoreSetup,
+  KibanaRequest,
+  LifecycleResponseFactory,
+  OnPreAuthToolkit,
+} from 'kibana/server';
+import { LIMITED_CONCURRENCY_ROUTE_TAG } from '../../common';
+import { IngestManagerConfigType } from '../index';
+class MaxCounter {
+  constructor(private readonly max: number = 1) {}
+  private counter = 0;
+  valueOf() {
+    return this.counter;
+  }
+  increase() {
+    if (this.counter < this.max) {
+      this.counter += 1;
+    }
+  }
+  decrease() {
+    if (this.counter > 0) {
+      this.counter -= 1;
+    }
+  }
+  lessThanMax() {
+    return this.counter < this.max;
+  }
+}
+
+function shouldHandleRequest(request: KibanaRequest) {
+  const tags = request.route.options.tags;
+  return tags.includes(LIMITED_CONCURRENCY_ROUTE_TAG);
+}
+
+export function registerLimitedConcurrencyRoutes(core: CoreSetup, config: IngestManagerConfigType) {
+  const max = config.fleet.maxConcurrentConnections;
+  if (!max) return;
+
+  const counter = new MaxCounter(max);
+  core.http.registerOnPreAuth(function preAuthHandler(
+    request: KibanaRequest,
+    response: LifecycleResponseFactory,
+    toolkit: OnPreAuthToolkit
+  ) {
+    if (!shouldHandleRequest(request)) {
+      return toolkit.next();
+    }
+
+    if (!counter.lessThanMax()) {
+      return response.customError({
+        body: 'Too Many Requests',
+        statusCode: 429,
+      });
+    }
+
+    counter.increase();
+
+    // requests.events.aborted$ has a bug (but has test which explicitly verifies) where it's fired even when the request completes
+    // https://github.com/elastic/kibana/pull/70495#issuecomment-656288766
+    request.events.aborted$.toPromise().then(() => {
+      counter.decrease();
+    });
+
+    return toolkit.next();
+  });
+}