diff --git a/keras/src/layers/normalization/unit_normalization.py b/keras/src/layers/normalization/unit_normalization.py
index 3b0b34f4d80..be77aa59c30 100644
--- a/keras/src/layers/normalization/unit_normalization.py
+++ b/keras/src/layers/normalization/unit_normalization.py
@@ -43,6 +43,18 @@ def call(self, inputs):
         return ops.normalize(inputs, axis=self.axis, order=2, epsilon=1e-12)
 
     def compute_output_shape(self, input_shape):
+        # Ensure axis is always treated as a list
+        if isinstance(self.axis, int):
+            axes = [self.axis]
+        else:
+            axes = self.axis
+
+        for axis in axes:
+            if axis >= len(input_shape) or axis < -len(input_shape):
+                raise ValueError(
+                    f"Axis {self.axis} is out of bounds for "
+                    f"input shape {input_shape}."
+                )
         return input_shape
 
     def get_config(self):