10th_june_python_(functions_assignment)_1.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""10th June - Python (Functions Assignment) - 1

Automatically generated by Colaboratory.

Original file is located at
    https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1kOpWX6CRj-77umdoIebwMrDUd1fsP5uU

**10th June - Python (Functions Assignment) - 1**

1. In Python, what is the difference between a built-in function and a user-defined function? Provide an
example of each.
"""

#Calculate sum of the given digits
def addNum(a,b):#User defined function
  return a+b

print(addNum(5,20))#Calling User defined function
print(sum([5,20]))# built-in function

"""2. How can you pass arguments to a function in Python? Explain the difference between positional
arguments and keyword arguments.

"""

def addNum(a,b):
  print( a+b)

def greet(name, message):
    print(f"Hello, {name}! {message}")

addNum(10,20) #positional arguments
greet(name="Shankar", message="How are you?")#keyword arguments.

"""3. What is the purpose of the return statement in a function? Can a function have multiple return
statements? Explain with an example.

"""

''' return statement helps to return a value in functions.
Yes, A function have multiple return statements. It can be achieved using if else statements
'''
def get_grade(score):
    if score >= 90:
        return "A"
    elif score >= 80:
        return "B"
    elif score >= 70:
        return "C"
    elif score >= 60:
        return "D"
    else:
        return "F"
print("Grade",get_grade(87))

"""4. What are lambda functions in Python? How are they different from regular functions? Provide an
example where a lambda function can be useful.

"""

# lambda function is a anynamous function.It is used for Short terms operations.
# It does not have any method name but it can have multiple arguments and only one expression.
# We can achecive functonality using lambda keyword.
# The expression evaluted when it called and return values.
# return values implicitly no need to diclare
# The difference from regular functions that we dont diclare method name.
add=lambda a,b:a+b
print(add(3,9))

"""5. How does the concept of "scope" apply to functions in Python? Explain the difference between local
scope and global scope.

"""

# A scope is the region of a variable. If a variable diclared in a function , scope is local and it can't available outside of function
# If we diclare a varible with Global keyword it acts as Global scope. Variable can access inside and outside of the function.




def printValue1():
  global x
  x=200
printValue1()
print(x) # 200 ,, x is in Global scope

def printValue():
  y=200
printValue()
print(y) #NameError: name 'y' is not defined since y is in the local scope

"""6. How can you use the "return" statement in a Python function to return multiple values?

"""

def calculate(a,b):
  add=a+b # Addition
  sub=a-b # Substraction
  mul=a*b # Multiplication
  return add,sub, mul

print(calculate(5,3))

"""7. What is the difference between the "pass by value" and "pass by reference" concepts when it
comes to function arguments in Python?

"""

# In python immuatables are passby value and mutables are passby reference
#pass by value
def increment_number(n):
  n=n+1
  return n

value=10
increment_number(value)
print(value) #10

#pass by reference
def append_value(lst):
  lst.append(4)

lst=[1,2,3]
append_value(lst)
print(lst)#[1, 2, 3, 4]

"""8. Create a function that can intake integer or decimal value and do following operations:
a. Logarithmic function (log x)
b. Exponential function (exp(x))
c. Power function with base 2 (2x)
d. Square root

"""

import math

def perform_operations(value):
    logarithm = math.log(value)  # Logarithmic function (log x)
    exponential = math.exp(value)  # Exponential function (exp(x))
    power = math.pow(2, value)  # Power function with base 2 (2^x)
    square_root = math.sqrt(value)  # Square root

    return logarithm, exponential, power, square_root

# Example usage
number = 4.0
log, exp, pow, sqrt = perform_operations(number)
print("Logarithm:", log)
print("Exponential:", exp)
print("Power with base 2:", pow)
print("Square Root:", sqrt)

"""9. Create a function that takes a full name as an argument and returns first name and last name."""

def extract_first_last_name(fullname):
    names= fullname.split()
    return names[0],names[1]

full_name = "John Doe"
first, last = extract_first_last_name(full_name)
print("First Name:", first)
print("Last Name:", last)