diff --git a/dspy/clients/lm.py b/dspy/clients/lm.py
index 39a7ff8b9..994c8bc41 100644
--- a/dspy/clients/lm.py
+++ b/dspy/clients/lm.py
@@ -21,9 +21,7 @@ def __init__(self, model, model_type="chat", temperature=0.0, max_tokens=1000, c
         self.model = model
         self.model_type = model_type
         self.cache = cache
-        self.temperature = temperature
-        self.max_tokens = max_tokens
-        self.kwargs = kwargs
+        self.kwargs = dict(temperature=temperature, max_tokens=max_tokens, **kwargs)
         self.history = []
 
         if "o1-" in model:
@@ -35,7 +33,7 @@ def __call__(self, prompt=None, messages=None, **kwargs):
         # Build the request.
         cache = kwargs.pop("cache", self.cache)
         messages = messages or [{"role": "user", "content": prompt}]
-        kwargs = {"temperature": self.temperature, "max_tokens": self.max_tokens, **self.kwargs, **kwargs}
+        kwargs = {**self.kwargs, **kwargs}
 
         # Make the request and handle LRU & disk caching.
         if self.model_type == "chat":
@@ -59,6 +57,7 @@ def __call__(self, prompt=None, messages=None, **kwargs):
             model_type=self.model_type,
         )
         self.history.append(entry)
+        
         return outputs
 
     def inspect_history(self, n: int = 1):