Add a convenience type for properties involving equivalence

This type was originally motivated by observing that a class of
properties will involve a pseudo-identity followed by a check for
equivalence between its input and output. A generalization of would be
properties which are defined by the equivalence check, only.

For this class, we usually want to know _how_ those two values differ,
rather than only that they do. Test-authors may thus write tests like
the following in order to include those values in a failure report:

    fn revrev(xs: Vec<usize>) -> TestResult {
        let rev: Vec<_> = xs.clone().into_iter().rev().collect();
        let revrev: Vec<_> = rev.into_iter().rev().collect();
        if xs == revrev {
             TestResult::passed()
         } else {
             TestResult::error(
                format!("Original: '{:?}', Identity: '{:?}'", xs, revrev)
             )
         }
    }

This change introduces a convenience type which encapsulates the
equivalence check as well as the error message generation. Using it, the
above test could be written as:

    fn revrev(xs: Vec<usize>) -> Equivalence<Vec<usize>> {
        let rev: Vec<_> = xs.clone().into_iter().rev().collect();
        let revrev: Vec<_> = rev.into_iter().rev().collect();
        Equivalence::of(xs, revrev)
    }

src/lib.rs

@@ -15,7 +15,9 @@ semver compatible releases.
 */
 
 pub use crate::arbitrary::{empty_shrinker, single_shrinker, Arbitrary, Gen};
-pub use crate::tester::{quickcheck, QuickCheck, TestResult, Testable};
+pub use crate::tester::{
+    quickcheck, QuickCheck, TestResult, Equivalence, Testable,
+};
 
 /// A macro for writing quickcheck tests.
 ///

src/tester.rs

@@ -281,6 +281,49 @@ impl TestResult {
     }
 }
 
+/// Utility type for properties involving an equivalence
+///
+/// Sometimes, properties we want to test for are the equivalence of two values.
+/// For example, we may construct a pseudeo-identity from a formatter and a
+/// parser in order to test a parser. In such cases, we want to compare the
+/// input of the pseudo-identity to its output.
+///
+/// `Equivalence` is a `Testable` type which expresses this intent, but also
+/// includes both values as part of the failure report if a test fails.
+///
+/// # Example
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// use quickcheck::{QuickCheck, Equivalence};
+///
+/// fn prop_reverse_reverse() {
+///     fn revrev(xs: Vec<usize>) -> Equivalence<Vec<usize>> {
+///         let rev: Vec<_> = xs.clone().into_iter().rev().collect();
+///         let revrev: Vec<_> = rev.into_iter().rev().collect();
+///         Equivalence::of(xs, revrev)
+///     }
+///     QuickCheck::new().quickcheck(revrev as fn(Vec<usize>) -> Equivalence<Vec<usize>>);
+/// }
+/// ```
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+pub struct Equivalence<T>(T, T)
+where
+    T: Debug + PartialEq + 'static;
+
+impl<T> Equivalence<T>
+where
+    T: Debug + PartialEq + 'static
+{
+    /// Construct a value expressing the equivalence of the given values
+    ///
+    /// In many cases, you'll be able to construct an instance for two values
+    /// `a` and `b` via `Equivalence(a, b)`. This function is intended for
+    /// situations where you can't for whatever reasons.
+    pub fn of(left: T, right: T) -> Self {
+        Self(left, right)
+    }
+}
+
 /// `Testable` describes types (e.g., a function) whose values can be
 /// tested.
 ///
@@ -314,6 +357,21 @@ impl Testable for TestResult {
     }
 }
 
+impl<T> Testable for Equivalence<T>
+    where T: Debug + PartialEq + 'static
+{
+    fn result(&self, _: &mut Gen) -> TestResult {
+        if self.0 == self.1 {
+            TestResult::passed()
+        } else {
+            TestResult::error(format!(
+                "Missmatch! Left: '{:?}', Right: '{:?}'",
+                self.0, self.1
+            ))
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 impl<A, E> Testable for Result<A, E>
 where
     A: Testable,