HashSet Initialization:
- Original code: let mut duplicate_checker = HashSet::new();
- Optimized code: let mut duplicate_checker = HashSet::with_capacity(query_per_asset.len());
The optimized code specifies the capacity when initializing the HashSet, avoiding potential multiple reallocations of memory during element insertion.

Duplicate Check:
- The optimized code uses the return value of HashSet::insert to check if the insertion was successful. If the insertion fails (i.e., the element already exists), it returns an error. This reduces one lookup operation.

Using Option::map_or_else:
- The optimized code simplifies the initialization logic of exclude by using the Option::map_or_else method.