fix(cdk/drag-drop): constrainPosition now working well with boundary

[mj3052]

Initial attempt at a fix for #25154

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[crisbeto]

Thank you for adding the test. It looks like there are a couple of lint failures as well.

[mj3052]

@crisbeto Do you need anything else from me?

Should I squash the commits and make sure the commit message follows the guidelines, or how does that happen?

[crisbeto]

It's okay, I'll squash the commits when I merge it in.

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