[SPARK-46480][CORE][SQL] Fix NPE when table cache task attempt

### What changes were proposed in this pull request?

This pr adds a check: we only mark the cached partition is materialized if the task is not failed and not interrupted. And adds a new method `isFailed` in `TaskContext`.

### Why are the changes needed?

Before this pr, when do cache, task failure can cause NPE in other tasks

```
java.lang.NullPointerException
	at java.nio.ByteBuffer.wrap(ByteBuffer.java:396)
	at org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.expressions.GeneratedClass$SpecificColumnarIterator.accessors1$(Unknown Source)
	at org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.expressions.GeneratedClass$SpecificColumnarIterator.hasNext(Unknown Source)
	at scala.collection.Iterator$$anon$10.hasNext(Iterator.scala:458)
	at org.apache.spark.shuffle.sort.BypassMergeSortShuffleWriter.write(BypassMergeSortShuffleWriter.java:155)
	at org.apache.spark.shuffle.ShuffleWriteProcessor.write(ShuffleWriteProcessor.scala:59)
	at org.apache.spark.scheduler.ShuffleMapTask.runTask(ShuffleMapTask.scala:99)
	at org.apache.spark.scheduler.ShuffleMapTask.runTask(ShuffleMapTask.scala:52)
	at org.apache.spark.scheduler.Task.run(Task.scala:131)
	at org.apache.spark.executor.Executor$TaskRunner.$anonfun$run$3(Executor.scala:497)
```

### Does this PR introduce _any_ user-facing change?

yes, it's a bug fix

### How was this patch tested?

add test

### Was this patch authored or co-authored using generative AI tooling?

no

Closes #44445 from ulysses-you/fix-cache.

Authored-by: ulysses-you <ulyssesyou18@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Kent Yao <yao@apache.org>

core/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/BarrierTaskContext.scala

@@ -194,6 +194,8 @@ class BarrierTaskContext private[spark] (
 
   override def isCompleted(): Boolean = taskContext.isCompleted()
 
+  override def isFailed(): Boolean = taskContext.isFailed()
+
   override def isInterrupted(): Boolean = taskContext.isInterrupted()
 
   override def addTaskCompletionListener(listener: TaskCompletionListener): this.type = {

core/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/TaskContext.scala

@@ -94,6 +94,11 @@ abstract class TaskContext extends Serializable {
    */
   def isCompleted(): Boolean
 
+  /**
+   * Returns true if the task has failed.
+   */
+  def isFailed(): Boolean
+
   /**
    * Returns true if the task has been killed.
    */

core/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/TaskContextImpl.scala

@@ -275,6 +275,8 @@ private[spark] class TaskContextImpl(
   @GuardedBy("this")
   override def isCompleted(): Boolean = synchronized(completed)
 
+  override def isFailed(): Boolean = synchronized(failureCauseOpt.isDefined)
+
   override def isInterrupted(): Boolean = reasonIfKilled.isDefined
 
   override def getLocalProperty(key: String): String = localProperties.getProperty(key)

core/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/scheduler/TaskContextSuite.scala

@@ -670,6 +670,16 @@ class TaskContextSuite extends SparkFunSuite with BeforeAndAfter with LocalSpark
     assert(invocationOrder === Seq("C", "B", "A", "D"))
   }
 
+  test("SPARK-46480: Add isFailed in TaskContext") {
+    val context = TaskContext.empty()
+    var isFailed = false
+    context.addTaskCompletionListener[Unit] { context =>
+      isFailed = context.isFailed()
+    }
+    context.markTaskFailed(new RuntimeException())
+    context.markTaskCompleted(None)
+    assert(isFailed)
+  }
 }
 
 private object TaskContextSuite {

project/MimaExcludes.scala

@@ -57,7 +57,9 @@ object MimaExcludes {
     ProblemFilters.exclude[IncompatibleResultTypeProblem]("org.apache.spark.sql.types.Decimal.fromStringANSI$default$3"),
     ProblemFilters.exclude[IncompatibleMethTypeProblem]("org.apache.spark.sql.types.Decimal.fromStringANSI"),
     // [SPARK-45762][CORE] Support shuffle managers defined in user jars by changing startup order
-    ProblemFilters.exclude[DirectMissingMethodProblem]("org.apache.spark.SparkEnv.this")
+    ProblemFilters.exclude[DirectMissingMethodProblem]("org.apache.spark.SparkEnv.this"),
+    // [SPARK-46480][CORE][SQL] Fix NPE when table cache task attempt
+    ProblemFilters.exclude[ReversedMissingMethodProblem]("org.apache.spark.TaskContext.isFailed")
   )
 
   // Default exclude rules

sql/core/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/execution/columnar/InMemoryRelation.scala

@@ -285,9 +285,11 @@ case class CachedRDDBuilder(
         cachedPlan.conf)
     }
     val cached = cb.mapPartitionsInternal { it =>
-      TaskContext.get().addTaskCompletionListener[Unit](_ => {
-        materializedPartitions.add(1L)
-      })
+      TaskContext.get().addTaskCompletionListener[Unit] { context =>
+        if (!context.isFailed() && !context.isInterrupted()) {
+          materializedPartitions.add(1L)
+        }
+      }
       new Iterator[CachedBatch] {
         override def hasNext: Boolean = it.hasNext
         override def next(): CachedBatch = {