add patch_microbatch_event_time

[MichelleArk]

Resolves #10713

Problem

using freeze_time was not a very precise way to patch just the upper bound for microbatch end time calculation.

Solution

Introducing our own method for usage in dbt-core functional tests as well as dbt-test-adapters

Checklist

• I have read the contributing guide and understand what's expected of me.
• I have run this code in development, and it appears to resolve the stated issue.
• This PR includes tests, or tests are not required or relevant for this PR.
• This PR has no interface changes (e.g., macros, CLI, logs, JSON artifacts, config files, adapter interface, etc.) or this PR has already received feedback and approval from Product or DX.
• This PR includes type annotations for new and modified functions.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 88.89%. Comparing base (139b9ac) to head (9416373).
Report is 1 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##             main   #10712   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   88.89%   88.89%           
=======================================
  Files         180      180           
  Lines       22842    22847    +5     
=======================================
+ Hits        20305    20310    +5     
  Misses       2537     2537           

Flag	Coverage Δ
integration	86.09% <100.00%> (+<0.01%)	⬆️
unit	62.44% <60.00%> (-0.01%)	⬇️

Flags with carried forward coverage won't be shown. Click here to find out more.

Components	Coverage Δ
Unit Tests	62.44% <60.00%> (-0.01%)	⬇️
Integration Tests	86.09% <100.00%> (+<0.01%)	⬆️

[QMalcolm]

LGTM! 🚀 Was interesting that we needed to do this, glad you figured it out

[github-actions]

Thank you for your pull request! We could not find a changelog entry for this change. For details on how to document a change, see the contributing guide.

[MichelleArk]

Confirmed this does the tricky for dbt-snowflake: dbt-labs/dbt-snowflake#1179