Refresh exceptions best practices

[gewarren]

Fixes #40238.

The main article that changed is "Best practices for exceptions". Preview is here.

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Internal previews

📄 File	🔗 Preview link
docs/csharp/language-reference/statements/exception-handling-statements.md	Exception-handling statements - throw, try-catch, try-finally, and try-catch-finally
docs/csharp/nullable-references.md	Nullable reference types
docs/fundamentals/code-analysis/quality-rules/ca1065.md	CA1065: Do not raise exceptions in unexpected locations
docs/fundamentals/code-analysis/quality-rules/ca2200.md	docs/fundamentals/code-analysis/quality-rules/ca2200
docs/fundamentals/code-analysis/quality-rules/ca2208.md	CA2208: Instantiate argument exceptions correctly
docs/fundamentals/code-analysis/quality-rules/index.md	Code quality rules overview
docs/standard/exceptions/best-practices-for-exceptions.md	Best practices for exceptions
docs/standard/exceptions/how-to-use-finally-blocks.md	How to use finally blocks

[gewarren]

@stephentoub If you have time to review the updated "Best practices for exceptions" article, that would be great. The preview is here.

[BillWagner]

This LGTM @gewarren

Let's

[gewarren]

Thanks @stephentoub!