Fix haskell#9815: switch quick-jobs CI to XDG

Fix haskell#9815:
- Cache `~/.local/state/cabal` instead of `~/.cabal/store`
- `~/.local/bin` is used instead of `~/.cabal/bin` and is already in the PATH
  (verify this by calling `alex` after installing it)

As I am passing by:
- bump cache action to v4
- double-quote `$USER` to keep actionlint happy
- move `if` from shell-level to job-level
- allow newest `alex`

.github/workflows/quick-jobs.yml

@@ -20,24 +20,19 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     # This job is not run in a container, any recent GHC should be fine
     steps:
-      - name: Set PATH
-        # https://docs.github.com/en/free-pro-team@latest/actions/reference/workflow-commands-for-github-actions#adding-a-system-path
-        run: |
-          echo "$HOME/.cabal/bin" >> $GITHUB_PATH
-      - uses: actions/cache@v3
+      - uses: actions/cache@v4
         with:
-          path: ~/.cabal/store
+          path: ~/.local/state/cabal
           key: linux-store-meta
       # See https://github.com/haskell/cabal/pull/8739
       - name: Sudo chmod to permit ghcup to update its cache
+        if: runner.os == 'Linux'
         run: |
-          if [[ "${{ runner.os }}" == "Linux" ]]; then
             sudo ls -lah /usr/local/.ghcup/cache
             sudo mkdir -p /usr/local/.ghcup/cache
             sudo ls -lah /usr/local/.ghcup/cache
-            sudo chown -R $USER /usr/local/.ghcup
+            sudo chown -R "${USER}" /usr/local/.ghcup
             sudo chmod -R 777 /usr/local/.ghcup
-          fi
       - name: ghcup
         run: |
           ghcup --version
@@ -47,7 +42,8 @@ jobs:
       - name: Update Hackage index
         run: cabal v2-update
       - name: Install alex
-        run: cabal v2-install alex --constraint='alex ==3.2.7.3'
+        run: cabal v2-install alex --constraint='alex >=3.2.7.3'
+      - run: alex --version
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - name: Regenerate files
         run: |
@@ -62,23 +58,19 @@ jobs:
     name: Doctest Cabal
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - name: Set PATH
-        run: |
-          echo "$HOME/.cabal/bin" >> $GITHUB_PATH
-      - uses: actions/cache@v3
+      - uses: actions/cache@v4
         with:
-          path: ~/.cabal/store
+          path: ~/.local/state/cabal
           key: linux-store-doctest
       # See https://github.com/haskell/cabal/pull/8739
       - name: Sudo chmod to permit ghcup to update its cache
+        if: runner.os == 'Linux'
         run: |
-          if [[ "${{ runner.os }}" == "Linux" ]]; then
             sudo ls -lah /usr/local/.ghcup/cache
             sudo mkdir -p /usr/local/.ghcup/cache
             sudo ls -lah /usr/local/.ghcup/cache
-            sudo chown -R $USER /usr/local/.ghcup
+            sudo chown -R "${USER}" /usr/local/.ghcup
             sudo chmod -R 777 /usr/local/.ghcup
-          fi
       - name: ghcup
         run: |
           ghcup --version
@@ -96,23 +88,19 @@ jobs:
     name: Check Field Syntax Reference
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - name: Set PATH
-        run: |
-          echo "$HOME/.cabal/bin" >> $GITHUB_PATH
-      - uses: actions/cache@v3
+      - uses: actions/cache@v4
         with:
-          path: ~/.cabal/store
+          path: ~/.local/state/cabal
           key: linux-store-buildinfo-doc-diff
       # See https://github.com/haskell/cabal/pull/8739
       - name: Sudo chmod to permit ghcup to update its cache
+        if: runner.os == 'Linux'
         run: |
-          if [[ "${{ runner.os }}" == "Linux" ]]; then
             sudo ls -lah /usr/local/.ghcup/cache
             sudo mkdir -p /usr/local/.ghcup/cache
             sudo ls -lah /usr/local/.ghcup/cache
-            sudo chown -R $USER /usr/local/.ghcup
+            sudo chown -R "${USER}" /usr/local/.ghcup
             sudo chmod -R 777 /usr/local/.ghcup
-          fi
       - name: ghcup
         run: |
           ghcup --version
@@ -128,9 +116,6 @@ jobs:
     name: Check Release Project
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - name: Set PATH
-        run: |
-          echo "$HOME/.cabal/bin" >> $GITHUB_PATH
       - name: ghcup
         run: |
           ghcup --version
@@ -144,4 +129,3 @@ jobs:
         run: cabal build all --dry-run --project-file=cabal.project.release
       - name: Check Release with Latest Hackage
         run: cabal build all --dry-run --project-file=cabal.project.release --index-state="hackage.haskell.org HEAD"
-