Cache LazyFS binary in CI

[serathius]

What would you like to be added?

Cache LazyFS binary in CI

Why is this needed?

Reduce runtime by ~ minute (needs to confirmed)

[jmhbnz]

My view is this is a natural evolution of #15956. We definitely don't want a dependency install and lazyfs compile happening every ci run.

Once the robustness job is running in a container, all we would need to do is setup a pipeline that builds a slightly customised version of the golang:1.19-bullseye image that we currently use which has lazyfs dependencies and make install-lazyfs already run as an additional layer.

Edit: One major challenge with adopting containers for the robustness tests is that it is difficult to do anything with fuse filesystems inside containers without making security compromises, refer: docker/for-linux#321

Edit: Got lazyfs working in arm64 container workflows, pr #16392