planner: DML queries might panic when CTE exists (#46092)

[ti-chi-bot]

This is an automated cherry-pick of #46092

What problem does this PR solve?

Issue Number: close #46083

Problem Summary:

What is changed and how it works?

The CTE table doesn't have *model.TableInfo. We need to skip it when accessing TableInfo to avoid panic.

Check List

Tests

• Unit test
• Integration test
• Manual test (add detailed scripts or steps below)
• No code

Side effects

• Performance regression: Consumes more CPU
• Performance regression: Consumes more Memory
• Breaking backward compatibility

Documentation

• Affects user behaviors
• Contains syntax changes
• Contains variable changes
• Contains experimental features
• Changes MySQL compatibility

Release note

Please refer to Release Notes Language Style Guide to write a quality release note.

Fix the issue that DML queries might panic when CTE exists in the SQL

[codecov]

Codecov Report

❗ No coverage uploaded for pull request base (release-6.5@c518a89). Click here to learn what that means.
The diff coverage is n/a.

Additional details and impacted files

@@               Coverage Diff                @@
##             release-6.5     #46095   +/-   ##
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[ti-chi-bot]

[APPROVALNOTIFIER] This PR is APPROVED

This pull-request has been approved by: hawkingrei, qw4990

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[ti-chi-bot]

[LGTM Timeline notifier]

Timeline:

• 2023-08-17 04:17:52.770319696 +0000 UTC m=+777437.319335684: ☑️ agreed by qw4990.
• 2023-08-17 06:54:35.801391956 +0000 UTC m=+786840.350407944: ☑️ agreed by hawkingrei.

[qw4990]

/test build

[tiprow]

@qw4990: No presubmit jobs available for pingcap/tidb@release-6.5

In response to this:

/test build

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