[BACKPORT 2024.2][#24026] docdb: Fix SIGSEGV from MaxPersistentOpId a…

…fter flush

Summary:
Original commit: 250a4d5 / D38323
It is possible for tablet peer's `tablet_` to be null when a rocksdb flush finishes. We call `tablet_->MaxPersistentOpId()` after flush to clean up recently applied transaction state, and this causes a SIGSEGV:
```
* thread #1, name = 'yb-tserver', stop reason = signal SIGSEGV
  * frame #0: 0x000055885b97311d yb-tserver`yb::ScopedRWOperation::ScopedRWOperation(yb::RWOperationCounter*, yb::StatusHolder const*, std::__1::chrono::time_point<yb::CoarseMonoClock, std::__1::chrono::duration<long long, std::__1::ratio<1l, 1000000000l>>> const&) [inlined] std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char>>::basic_string(this="", __str=<unavailable>) at string:898:9
    frame #1: 0x000055885b97311d yb-tserver`yb::ScopedRWOperation::ScopedRWOperation(yb::RWOperationCounter*, yb::StatusHolder const*, std::__1::chrono::time_point<yb::CoarseMonoClock, std::__1::chrono::duration<long long, std::__1::ratio<1l, 1000000000l>>> const&) [inlined] yb::RWOperationCounter::resource_name(this=0x0000000000000378) const at operation_counter.h:95:12
    frame #2: 0x000055885b97311d yb-tserver`yb::ScopedRWOperation::ScopedRWOperation(this=0x00007f9455305d58, counter=0x0000000000000378, abort_status_holder=<unavailable>, deadline=0x00007f9455305d98) at operation_counter.cc:190:62
    frame #3: 0x000055885b247ea6 yb-tserver`yb::tablet::Tablet::MaxPersistentOpId(bool) const [inlined] yb::ScopedRWOperation::ScopedRWOperation(this=0x00007f9455305d58, counter=<unavailable>, deadline=0x00007f9455305d98) at operation_counter.h:140:9
    frame #4: 0x000055885b247e9f yb-tserver`yb::tablet::Tablet::MaxPersistentOpId(bool) const [inlined] yb::tablet::Tablet::CreateScopedRWOperationBlockingRocksDbShutdownStart(this=0x0000000000000000, deadline=yb::CoarseTimePoint @ 0x00007f9455305d98) const at tablet.cc:3375:10
    frame #5: 0x000055885b247e90 yb-tserver`yb::tablet::Tablet::MaxPersistentOpId(this=0x0000000000000000, invalid_if_no_new_data=<unavailable>) const at tablet.cc:3540:32
    frame #6: 0x000055885b277f5e yb-tserver`yb::tablet::TabletPeer::MaxPersistentOpId(this=<unavailable>) const at tablet_peer.cc:946:23
    frame #7: 0x000055885b278e52 yb-tserver`non-virtual thunk to yb::tablet::TabletPeer::MaxPersistentOpId() const at tablet_peer.cc:0
    frame #8: 0x000055885b2dec44 yb-tserver`yb::tablet::TransactionParticipant::Impl::DoProcessRecentlyAppliedTransactions(this=0x0000153123151500, retryable_requests_flushed_op_id=<unavailable>, persist=<unavailable>) at transaction_participant.cc:2186:22
    frame #9: 0x000055885b2e0a8e yb-tserver`yb::tablet::TransactionParticipant::ProcessRecentlyAppliedTransactions() [inlined] yb::tablet::TransactionParticipant::Impl::ProcessRecentlyAppliedTransactions(this=0x0000153123151500) at transaction_participant.cc:1440:27
    frame #10: 0x000055885b2e0a63 yb-tserver`yb::tablet::TransactionParticipant::ProcessRecentlyAppliedTransactions(this=<unavailable>) at transaction_participant.cc:2629:17
    frame #11: 0x000055885b226093 yb-tserver`yb::tablet::Tablet::RocksDbListener::OnFlushCompleted(this=0x0000153110c2da58, (null)=<unavailable>, (null)=<unavailable>) at tablet.cc:503:34
    frame #12: 0x000055885af0e507 yb-tserver`rocksdb::DBImpl::BackgroundCallFlush(rocksdb::ColumnFamilyData*) at db_impl.cc:2121:19
    frame #13: 0x000055885af0e275 yb-tserver`rocksdb::DBImpl::BackgroundCallFlush(rocksdb::ColumnFamilyData*) [inlined] rocksdb::DBImpl::FlushMemTableToOutputFile(this=0x0000153123150a80, cfd=0x000015317d651600, mutable_cf_options=0x00007f94553077d8, made_progress=<unavailable>, job_context=0x00007f9455306938, log_buffer=0x00007f9455306048) at db_impl.cc:2008:3
    frame #14: 0x000055885af0d859 yb-tserver`rocksdb::DBImpl::BackgroundCallFlush(rocksdb::ColumnFamilyData*) [inlined] rocksdb::DBImpl::BackgroundFlush(this=0x0000153123150a80, made_progress=<unavailable>, job_context=0x00007f9455306938, log_buffer=0x00007f9455306048, cfd=0x000015317d651600) at db_impl.cc:3399:10
    frame #15: 0x000055885af0d21f yb-tserver`rocksdb::DBImpl::BackgroundCallFlush(this=0x0000153123150a80, cfd=<unavailable>) at db_impl.cc:3470:31
    frame #16: 0x000055885b024a53 yb-tserver`std::__1::__function::__func<rocksdb::ThreadPool::StartBGThreads()::$_0, std::__1::allocator<rocksdb::ThreadPool::StartBGThreads()::$_0>, void ()>::operator()() at thread_posix.cc:133:5
    frame #17: 0x000055885b024900 yb-tserver`std::__1::__function::__func<rocksdb::ThreadPool::StartBGThreads()::$_0, std::__1::allocator<rocksdb::ThreadPool::StartBGThreads()::$_0>, void ()>::operator()() [inlined] rocksdb::ThreadPool::StartBGThreads(this=<unavailable>)::$_0::operator()() const at thread_posix.cc:172:5
    frame #18: 0x000055885b024900 yb-tserver`std::__1::__function::__func<rocksdb::ThreadPool::StartBGThreads()::$_0, std::__1::allocator<rocksdb::ThreadPool::StartBGThreads()::$_0>, void ()>::operator()() [inlined] decltype(__f=<unavailable>)::$_0&>()()) std::__1::__invoke[abi:ue170006]<rocksdb::ThreadPool::StartBGThreads()::$_0&>(rocksdb::ThreadPool::StartBGThreads()::$_0&) at invoke.h:340:25
    frame #19: 0x000055885b024900 yb-tserver`std::__1::__function::__func<rocksdb::ThreadPool::StartBGThreads()::$_0, std::__1::allocator<rocksdb::ThreadPool::StartBGThreads()::$_0>, void ()>::operator()() [inlined] void std::__1::__invoke_void_return_wrapper<void, true>::__call[abi:ue170006]<rocksdb::ThreadPool::StartBGThreads(__args=<unavailable>)::$_0&>(rocksdb::ThreadPool::StartBGThreads()::$_0&) at invoke.h:415:5
    frame #20: 0x000055885b024900 yb-tserver`std::__1::__function::__func<rocksdb::ThreadPool::StartBGThreads()::$_0, std::__1::allocator<rocksdb::ThreadPool::StartBGThreads()::$_0>, void ()>::operator()() [inlined] std::__1::__function::__alloc_func<rocksdb::ThreadPool::StartBGThreads()::$_0, std::__1::allocator<rocksdb::ThreadPool::StartBGThreads()::$_0>, void ()>::operator(this=<unavailable>)[abi:ue170006]() at function.h:192:16
    frame #21: 0x000055885b024900 yb-tserver`std::__1::__function::__func<rocksdb::ThreadPool::StartBGThreads()::$_0, std::__1::allocator<rocksdb::ThreadPool::StartBGThreads()::$_0>, void ()>::operator(this=<unavailable>)() at function.h:363:12
    frame #22: 0x000055885b9c1543 yb-tserver`yb::Thread::SuperviseThread(void*) [inlined] std::__1::__function::__value_func<void ()>::operator(this=0x000015313de3b380)[abi:ue170006]() const at function.h:517:16
    frame #23: 0x000055885b9c152d yb-tserver`yb::Thread::SuperviseThread(void*) [inlined] std::__1::function<void ()>::operator(this=0x000015313de3b380)() const at function.h:1168:12
    frame #24: 0x000055885b9c152d yb-tserver`yb::Thread::SuperviseThread(arg=0x000015313de3b320) at thread.cc:866:3
    frame #25: 0x00007f94994d81ca libpthread.so.0`start_thread + 234
    frame #26: 0x00007f9499729e73 libc.so.6`__clone + 67
```

This diff adds a null check and returns `OpId::Min()` (i.e. don't clean anything up) if `tablet_` is null and we cannot call `MaxPersistentOpId`.
Jira: DB-12915

Test Plan: Jenkins

Reviewers: sergei, rthallam

Reviewed By: rthallam

Subscribers: ybase, rthallam

Differential Revision: https://phorge.dev.yugabyte.com/D38431

src/yb/tablet/tablet_peer.cc

@@ -943,7 +943,12 @@ void TabletPeer::GetInFlightOperations(Operation::TraceType trace_type,
 }
 
 Result<OpId> TabletPeer::MaxPersistentOpId() const {
-  auto flush_op_ids = VERIFY_RESULT(tablet_->MaxPersistentOpId());
+  auto tablet = shared_tablet();
+  if (!tablet) {
+    // Tablet peer not yet initialized -- we could be doing tablet bootstrap still.
+    return OpId::Min();
+  }
+  auto flush_op_ids = VERIFY_RESULT(tablet->MaxPersistentOpId());
   return OpId::MinValid(flush_op_ids.intents, flush_op_ids.regular);
 }