* insertion sort : docstring, type hinting

* Update insertion_sort.py

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* Fix SettingWithCopy warning in pandas

#2282

* Update k_means_clust.py

* Update k_means_clust.py

* Update k_means_clust.py

* Update k_means_clust.py

* Update k_means_clust.py

* Update k_means_clust.py

* fixed variable naming and unnecessary type hints

* print(segt)

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* Create __int__.py

* Update and rename project_euler/__int__.py to project_euler/problem_44/__int__.py

* Add files via upload

* Update sol1.py

* Update __int__.py

* Delete __int__.py

* Create __init__.py

* Update project_euler/problem_44/sol1.py

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* Update project_euler/problem_44/sol1.py

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* Update project_euler/problem_44/sol1.py

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…l1.py (#2349)

* Create __init__.py

* Add files via upload

* Update sol1.py

* Update sol1.py

* Update project_euler/problem_45/sol1.py

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* Update sol1.py

* Update sol1.py

* Update project_euler/problem_34/sol1.py

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* Update project_euler/problem_34/sol1.py

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* Update sol1.py

* Update project_euler/problem_34/sol1.py

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* Update sol1.py

* Update project_euler/problem_34/sol1.py

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* Travis CI: Identify our ten slowest tests

https://howchoo.com/g/mtblodnjzjc/how-to-measure-unit-test-execution-times-in-pytest helps us to find the individual tests that are slowing down our Travis CI checks.

* fixup! Format Python code with psf/black push

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* Delete sleep_sort.py

A silly algorithm designed to waste time.  #2350 demonstrates that it is a 20+ second denial of service attack on every Travis CI run that we do.

* fixup! Format Python code with psf/black push

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* Add perfect_square_binary_search

* Update tests

* Add tests

* Create __init__.py

* Add files via upload

* Update sol1.py

* Added Enigma machine file

Added Enigma machine file to 'ciphers' section

* Added doctest to validator

* Fixed typo

* Shortened some lines

* Shortened some lines

* Update enigma_machine.py

* Shortened some lines

* Update enigma_machine.py

* Update enigma_machine.py

* Update enigma_machine2.py

* Update enigma_machine2.py

* added f-strings

* Update enigma_machine2.py

* Update enigma_machine2.py

* Updated some numbers

* Plugboard improvement

Added option to separate pair for plugboard by spaces

* renamed variable

* renamed some variables

* improved plugboard exception

* Update enigma_machine2.py

* Update enigma_machine2.py

* added bitwise binary OR operator

* Rename binary_OR_operator.py to binary_or_operator.py

* Update binary_or_operator.py

* Update binary_or_operator.py

* Update bit_manipulation/binary_or_operator.py

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* Update binary_or_operator.py

* Update binary_or_operator.py

* Nice!!

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* Update merge_sort.py

* Update merge_sort.py

* Create __init__.py

* Add files via upload

* Update project_euler/problem_63/sol1.py

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* Update sol1.py

* Update sol1.py

* Update sol1.py

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* Add files via upload

* Update triplet_sum.py

* Update triplet_sum.py

* Update other/triplet_sum.py

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* Update other/triplet_sum.py

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* Update other/triplet_sum.py

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* Update other/triplet_sum.py

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* Update triplet_sum.py

* Update other/triplet_sum.py

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* Update other/triplet_sum.py

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* Update other/triplet_sum.py

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* Update other/triplet_sum.py

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* Update other/triplet_sum.py

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* Create alternate_disjoint_set.py

This code implements a disjoint set using Lists 
with added heuristics for efficiency
Union by Rank Heuristic and Path Compression

* Update alternate_disjoint_set.py

Added typehints, doctests and some suggested variable name change

* Update alternate_disjoint_set.py

* Formatted with Black

* More formatting

* Formatting on line 28

* Error in Doctest

* Doctest Update in alternate disjoint set

* Fixed build error

* Fixed doctest

* Add files via upload

* Update ugly_numbers.py

* Update ugly_numbers.py

* Update ugly_numbers.py

* Added type hints and doctest for maths/prime_check.

* Removed doctests.

* redblacktree type hints

* fixed type hints to pass flake8

* Update CONTRIBUTING.md

fixed dead link to the license

* Update README.md

Added License

* Update README.md

* Update README.md

* Update README.md

* Update CONTRIBUTING.md

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* added idf-smooth

* added idf-smooth

* added idf-smooth

* Create capitalize.py

This function will capitalize the first character of a sentence or a word

* Update capitalize.py

* Update capitalize.py

* Update capitalize.py

* Update capitalize.py

* Update capitalize.py

* Update capitalize.py

* Update capitalize.py

* Update capitalize.py

* Update capitalize.py

* Update capitalize.py

* Update capitalize.py

* Update capitalize.py

* Update capitalize.py

* Update capitalize.py

* Update capitalize.py

* Update strings/capitalize.py

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* Update capitalize.py

* Update strings/capitalize.py

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* Update capitalize.py

* Update capitalize.py

* Update capitalize.py

* Update strings/capitalize.py

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* Update capitalize.py

* Update strings/capitalize.py

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* Update capitalize.py

* Update capitalize.py

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* Create hexadecimal_to_decimal

* Update conversions/hexadecimal_to_decimal

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* Update conversions/hexadecimal_to_decimal

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* Update conversions/hexadecimal_to_decimal

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* Update hexadecimal_to_decimal

* Update hexadecimal_to_decimal

* Update hexadecimal_to_decimal

* Update hexadecimal_to_decimal

* Update hexadecimal_to_decimal

* Update conversions/hexadecimal_to_decimal

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* Update hexadecimal_to_decimal

Added negative hexadecimal conversion to decimal number

* Update hexadecimal_to_decimal

* Update conversions/hexadecimal_to_decimal

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* Update conversions/hexadecimal_to_decimal

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* Update hexadecimal_to_decimal

* Update hexadecimal_to_decimal

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* Update scoring_functions.py

We can find accuracy by manually if we are not going to use sklearn library.

* Update scoring_functions.py

* Update machine_learning/scoring_functions.py

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* optimized recursive_bubble_sort

* Fixed doctest error due whitespace

* reduce loop times for optimization

* fixup! Format Python code with psf/black push

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* Create octal_to_decimal

octal to decimal converter

* Update octal_to_decimal

* Update conversions/octal_to_decimal

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* Create binary_to_decimal

binary to decimal converter

* Update conversions/binary_to_decimal

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* Update binary_to_decimal

* Update conversions/binary_to_decimal

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* Update binary_to_decimal

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* Fix Non Recursive Depth First Search

* Unindent docstring

* Reindent docstring by 1 space

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* lxmlCovidDataFetch

* lxmlCovidDataFetch1

* Update worldometers_covid_with_lxml.py

* Rename worldometers_covid_with_lxml.py to covid_stats_via_xpath.py

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* file-transfer: writing tests and ensuring that all is going well

* def send_file(filename: str = "mytext.txt", testing: bool = False) -> None:

* send_file(filename="mytext.txt", testing=True)

* Update send_file.py

* requirements.txt: lxml

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* jump_search: doctest, docstring, type hint, inputs

* jumpsearch.py: case number not found

* trailing whitespace jump search

* fix assignment of a variable to itself

* Fix unnecessary 'else' clause in loop

* formatting and redundant reasignment fix

* mark unreachable code with a TODO comment

* fix variable defined multiple times

* fix static method without static decorator

* revert unintended autoformatting

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* revert autoformatting issue

* applied black autoformatting

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* * Renamed files
* Fiexed doctest

* fixup! Format Python code with psf/black push

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* * Added type hints
* Added test
* Formated code

* updating DIRECTORY.md

* Update stack.py

* Test error conditions for pop, peek, and

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* recaptchaVerification

* recaptchaVerification

* recaptchaVerification1

* recaptchaVerification2

* recaptchaVerification3

* recaptchaVerification4

* recaptchaVerificatio5

* recaptchaVerificatio5

* recaptchaVerificatio6

* drawOnVideoStreamOpenCV

* matrixInverseMCAmethod

* fixingImports

* recaptchaVerificationfixes

* recaptchaVerificationfixes

* recaptchaVerificationfixes

* recaptchaVerificationfixes

* recaptchaVerificationfixes1

* recaptchaVerificationfixes1

* authenticate = login = render = redirect = print

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* Update linear_search.py

Python implementation of recursive linear search algorithm

* Update linear_search.py

Added different doctests
Added the parameter hints
Handled the exception

* Update linear_search.py

added parameter hints to linear_search

* Update linear_search.py

Both the functions return the index if the target is found and -1 if it is not found
The rec_linear_search raises an exception if there is an indexing problem
Made changes in the doc comments

* Update linear_search.py

Co-authored-by: Christian Clauss <cclauss@me.com>

* Fix spelling in docstrings

* Improve comments and formatting

* Update print statement to reflect doctest change

* improve phrasing and apply black

* Update rat_in_maze.py

    This method is recursive starting from (i, j) and going in one of four directions:
    up, down, left, right.
    If a path is found to destination it returns True otherwise it returns False.

Co-authored-by: Christian Clauss <cclauss@me.com>

* Updated problem_04 in project_euler

* fixup! Format Python code with psf/black push

* That number is larger than our acceptable range.

* updating DIRECTORY.md

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* Create priority_queue_using_list.py

* Update priority_queue_using_list.py

* Update priority_queue_using_list.py

* Update priority_queue_using_list.py

* Maximum queue size is 100

Co-authored-by: Christian Clauss <cclauss@me.com>