Merge branch 'main' into supermon

* main: (26 commits)
  pythongh-104028: Reduce object creation while calling callback function from gc (pythongh-104030)
  pythongh-104036: Fix direct invocation of test_typing (python#104037)
  pythongh-102213: Optimize the performance of `__getattr__` (pythonGH-103761)
  pythongh-103895: Improve how invalid `Exception.__notes__` are displayed (python#103897)
  Adjust expression from `==` to `!=` in alignment with the meaning of the paragraph. (pythonGH-104021)
  pythongh-88496: Fix IDLE test hang on macOS (python#104025)
  Improve int test coverage (python#104024)
  pythongh-88773: Added teleport method to Turtle library (python#103974)
  pythongh-104015: Fix direct invocation of `test_dataclasses` (python#104017)
  pythongh-104012: Ensure test_calendar.CalendarTestCase.test_deprecation_warning consistently passes (python#104014)
  pythongh-103977: compile re expressions in platform.py only if required (python#103981)
  pythongh-98003: Inline call frames for CALL_FUNCTION_EX (pythonGH-98004)
  Replace Netlify with Read the Docs build previews (python#103843)
  Update name in acknowledgements and add mailmap (python#103696)
  pythongh-82054: allow test runner to split test_asyncio to execute in parallel by sharding. (python#103927)
  Remove non-existing tools from Sundry skiplist (python#103991)
  pythongh-103793: Defer formatting task name (python#103767)
  pythongh-87092: change assembler to use instruction sequence instead of CFG (python#103933)
  pythongh-103636: issue warning for deprecated calendar constants (python#103833)
  Various small fixes to dis docs (python#103923)
  ...

.github/workflows/documentation-links.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+name: Read the Docs PR preview
+# Automatically edits a pull request's descriptions with a link
+# to the documentation's preview on Read the Docs.
+
+on:
+  pull_request_target:
+    types:
+      - opened
+    paths:
+    - 'Doc/**'
+    - '.github/workflows/doc.yml'
+
+permissions:
+  pull-requests: write
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.head_ref || github.run_id }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+jobs:
+  documentation-links:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: readthedocs/actions/preview@v1
+        with:
+          project-slug: "cpython-previews"
+          single-version: "true"

.mailmap

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# This file sets the canonical name for contributors to the repository.
+# Documentation: https://git-scm.com/docs/gitmailmap
+Amethyst Reese <amethyst@n7.gg> <john@noswap.com>

.readthedocs.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+# Read the Docs configuration file
+# See https://docs.readthedocs.io/en/stable/config-file/v2.html for details
+# Project page: https://readthedocs.org/projects/cpython-previews/
+
+version: 2
+
+sphinx:
+   configuration: Doc/conf.py
+
+build:
+  os: ubuntu-22.04
+  tools:
+    python: "3"
+
+  commands:
+    - make -C Doc venv html
+    - mkdir _readthedocs
+    - mv Doc/build/html _readthedocs/html

Doc/c-api/import.rst

@@ -188,6 +188,8 @@ Importing Modules
    .. versionchanged:: 3.3
       Uses :func:`imp.source_from_cache()` in calculating the source path if
       only the bytecode path is provided.
+   .. versionchanged:: 3.12
+      No longer uses the removed ``imp`` module.
 
 
 .. c:function:: long PyImport_GetMagicNumber()

Doc/conf.py

@@ -114,12 +114,13 @@
 # Short title used e.g. for <title> HTML tags.
 html_short_title = '%s Documentation' % release
 
-# Deployment preview information, from Netlify
-# (See netlify.toml and https://docs.netlify.com/configure-builds/environment-variables/#git-metadata)
+# Deployment preview information
+# (See .readthedocs.yml and https://docs.readthedocs.io/en/stable/reference/environment-variables.html)
+repository_url = os.getenv("READTHEDOCS_GIT_CLONE_URL")
 html_context = {
-    "is_deployment_preview": os.getenv("IS_DEPLOYMENT_PREVIEW"),
-    "repository_url": os.getenv("REPOSITORY_URL"),
-    "pr_id": os.getenv("REVIEW_ID")
+    "is_deployment_preview": os.getenv("READTHEDOCS_VERSION_TYPE") == "external",
+    "repository_url": repository_url.removesuffix(".git") if repository_url else None,
+    "pr_id": os.getenv("READTHEDOCS_VERSION")
 }
 
 # If not '', a 'Last updated on:' timestamp is inserted at every page bottom,

Doc/library/calendar.rst

@@ -28,6 +28,58 @@ interpreted as prescribed by the ISO 8601 standard.  Year 0 is 1 BC, year -1 is
 2 BC, and so on.
 
 
+.. class:: Day
+
+   Enumeration defining the days of the week as integer constants, from 0 to 6.
+
+   .. attribute:: MONDAY
+
+   .. attribute:: TUESDAY
+
+   .. attribute:: WEDNESDAY
+
+   .. attribute:: THURSDAY
+
+   .. attribute:: FRIDAY
+
+   .. attribute:: SATURDAY
+
+   .. attribute:: SUNDAY
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.12
+
+
+.. class:: Month
+
+   Enumeration defining months of the year as integer constants, from 1 to 12.
+
+   .. attribute:: JANUARY
+
+   .. attribute:: FEBRUARY
+
+   .. attribute:: MARCH
+
+   .. attribute:: APRIL
+
+   .. attribute:: MAY
+
+   .. attribute:: JUNE
+
+   .. attribute:: JULY
+
+   .. attribute:: AUGUST
+
+   .. attribute:: SEPTEMBER
+
+   .. attribute:: OCTOBER
+
+   .. attribute:: NOVEMBER
+
+   .. attribute:: DECEMBER
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.12
+
+
 .. class:: Calendar(firstweekday=0)
 
    Creates a :class:`Calendar` object. *firstweekday* is an integer specifying the

Doc/library/dataclasses.rst

@@ -437,19 +437,19 @@ Module contents
 
    The newly returned object is created by calling the :meth:`~object.__init__`
    method of the dataclass.  This ensures that
-   :ref:`__post_init__ <post-init-processing>`, if present, is also called.
+   :meth:`__post_init__`, if present, is also called.
 
    Init-only variables without default values, if any exist, must be
    specified on the call to :func:`replace` so that they can be passed to
-   :meth:`~object.__init__` and :ref:`__post_init__ <post-init-processing>`.
+   :meth:`~object.__init__` and :meth:`__post_init__`.
 
    It is an error for ``changes`` to contain any fields that are
    defined as having ``init=False``.  A :exc:`ValueError` will be raised
    in this case.
 
    Be forewarned about how ``init=False`` fields work during a call to
    :func:`replace`.  They are not copied from the source object, but
-   rather are initialized in :ref:`__post_init__ <post-init-processing>`, if they're
+   rather are initialized in :meth:`__post_init__`, if they're
    initialized at all.  It is expected that ``init=False`` fields will
    be rarely and judiciously used.  If they are used, it might be wise
    to have alternate class constructors, or perhaps a custom
@@ -510,30 +510,31 @@ Module contents
 Post-init processing
 --------------------
 
-The generated :meth:`~object.__init__` code will call a method named
-:meth:`!__post_init__`, if :meth:`!__post_init__` is defined on the
-class.  It will normally be called as ``self.__post_init__()``.
-However, if any ``InitVar`` fields are defined, they will also be
-passed to :meth:`!__post_init__` in the order they were defined in the
-class.  If no :meth:`~object.__init__` method is generated, then
-:meth:`!__post_init__` will not automatically be called.
+.. function:: __post_init__()
 
-Among other uses, this allows for initializing field values that
-depend on one or more other fields.  For example::
+   When defined on the class, it will be called by the generated
+   :meth:`~object.__init__`, normally as ``self.__post_init__()``.
+   However, if any ``InitVar`` fields are defined, they will also be
+   passed to :meth:`__post_init__` in the order they were defined in the
+   class.  If no :meth:`~object.__init__` method is generated, then
+   :meth:`__post_init__` will not automatically be called.
 
-    @dataclass
-    class C:
-        a: float
-        b: float
-        c: float = field(init=False)
+   Among other uses, this allows for initializing field values that
+   depend on one or more other fields.  For example::
 
-        def __post_init__(self):
-            self.c = self.a + self.b
+     @dataclass
+     class C:
+         a: float
+         b: float
+         c: float = field(init=False)
+
+         def __post_init__(self):
+             self.c = self.a + self.b
 
 The :meth:`~object.__init__` method generated by :func:`dataclass` does not call base
 class :meth:`~object.__init__` methods. If the base class has an :meth:`~object.__init__` method
 that has to be called, it is common to call this method in a
-:meth:`!__post_init__` method::
+:meth:`__post_init__` method::
 
     @dataclass
     class Rectangle:
@@ -552,7 +553,7 @@ don't need to be called, since the derived dataclass will take care of
 initializing all fields of any base class that is a dataclass itself.
 
 See the section below on init-only variables for ways to pass
-parameters to :meth:`!__post_init__`.  Also see the warning about how
+parameters to :meth:`__post_init__`.  Also see the warning about how
 :func:`replace` handles ``init=False`` fields.
 
 Class variables
@@ -576,7 +577,7 @@ is an ``InitVar``, it is considered a pseudo-field called an init-only
 field.  As it is not a true field, it is not returned by the
 module-level :func:`fields` function.  Init-only fields are added as
 parameters to the generated :meth:`~object.__init__` method, and are passed to
-the optional :ref:`__post_init__ <post-init-processing>` method.  They are not otherwise used
+the optional :meth:`__post_init__` method.  They are not otherwise used
 by dataclasses.
 
 For example, suppose a field will be initialized from a database, if a